III.
Therefore (oleh karenanya/oleh karena itu)
CONJUNCTION Therefore mengawali kalimat yang menunjukkan akibat dalam
suatu kalimat sebab – akibat
Ex : There is fog at Chicago; therefore, the place has been diverted
A. Definition
Kata penghubung yang fungsinya untuk menghubungkan antar kata dan
Consequently, Hence, Thus = Therefore
kalimat.
B. Hubungan pertentangan (contrast)
B. Kinds
Meskipun Though, Eventhough, Although, Despite,
1. Common Conjunction
In spite of
A. Hubungan sebab – akibat
Tetapi/namun Nevertheless, However, Still, But, Yet
Sebab – akibat Because, Since, As, For, Seeing that, Because
of,
I. Though, Eventhough, Although, Despite, In spite of
Due to, Owing to
Menunjukkan kalimat yang bertentangan
Maka So, Accordingly, Consequent, Therefore, Thus
That's why, Hence
Pattern :
I. - Because, Since, As, For, Seeing that (karena) Though/eventhough/although + Clause (S + V + O)
- Because of, Due to, Owing to (dikarenakan/karena)
Digunakan dalam kalimat sebab-akibat Ex : I will always love you eventhough you don’t love me back
Pattern : Despite/in spite of + Phrase (Noun phrase/Pronoun/Gerund)
Because/since/as/for/seeing that + Clause (S + V + O)
Ex : In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday
Ex : Sarah doesn’t like me because I am ugly II. Nevertheless, However, Still, But, Yet
However, untuk menunjukkan kalimat yang berkontradiksi dengan
Because of/due to/owing to + Phrase (Noun phrase/ pernyataan lainnya.
Object/Gerund/Pronoun) However datang setelah kata sifat/kata keterangan.
However digunakan juga untuk menghubungkan 2 kalimat
Ex : Because of my illness, I didn't come to the party Ex : The weather is bad. However, we do jogging
II. So (sehingga/jadi/oleh karena itu/dengan demikian) However = But & Nevertheless
Menunjukkan akibat yang terjadi dari pernyataan sebelumnya But digunakan untuk menghubungkan 1 kalimat
Ex : Our bags were too heavy, so we took a taxi Ex : I’d like to go, but I don't have the time
So + adjective/adverb + that, artinya begitu/sehingga Yet & Still, menunjukkan sesuatu yang berkontradiksi
Ex : My father is so angry that he can’t say anything Ex : Those outfits are ugly and expensive; yet, people buy them
C. Menambah informasi Ex : I have breakfast after I take a bath
Disamping itu/dan lagi Besides, Moreover, Furthermore,
In addition J. Since (Sejak)
Ex : She has been cooking since 7 o’clock
a) Besides + preposition = In addition, artinya lagipula/selain.
Kata ini mengawali noun/pronoun/gerund. K. For (Selama)
Ex : Besides doing the cooking, I look after the garden Ex : We have been doing this task for 3 hours
b) Besides = adverb, biasanya digunakan untuk mengawali klausa L. Until / Till (Sampai)
Ex : I can't go now; I’m busy. Besides, my passport is out of date Ex : I will wait for him until he comes
D. Hubungan kesetaraan 2. Paired/Correlative Conjunction
(And) a. Not only … But also … (tidak hanya … tetapi juga …)
Menggabungkan dua buah kata atau kalimat yang mempunyai bentuk Ex : Rena is not only beautiful but also clever
dan fungsi yang setara
Ex : I know Dody is a loyal employee and a very hard worker b. Neither … nor … (baik … maupun …) Kalimat negatif
Ex : Neither he nor his wife likes talking too much.
E. Ketika/Tatkala/Sementara itu
(As, When, While) c. Either … or … (baik … maupun …) Kalimat positif
Menunjukkan waktu saat terjadinya sesuatu Ex : Either Vina or her mother likes modeling
Ex : He smiled when his wife waved at him
d. Both … and … (kedua/keduanya … dan …)
As memiliki 2 arti, yaitu ketika atau karena Ex : Both Adi and Ali went to the party last night
Ex : As she came late, she wasn't allowed to enter the class
F. Padahal (Whereas)
Ex : She can't travel whereas she has a lot of money
G. Sebaliknya/Jika tidak (Otherwise)
Menyatakan kemungkinan akibat yang tidak diharapkan kalau
pernyataan sebelumnya/lainnya yang tidak dipenuhi
Ex : Stay away from the street, otherwise you may get knocked by car
Or bisa menggantikan otherwise, selain menyatakan pilihan
Ex : - You go with me, or you stay here alone
H. Before (Sebelum)
Ex : We must take shoes off before we enter the mosque
I. After (Setelah)