1 - ⓐ reacts with halogens by addition.

Swap gas is methane which is an alkane

The answer is ⓐ as alkanes don’t react by addition as they are saturated
Choice ⓑ is a correct sentence as methane is insoluble in water
Choice ⓓ is a correct sentence as methane has less molar mass than ethane so,
boiling point methane is lower so, methane is more volatile

2 - ⓐ the aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Alkanes are found in large amounts in crude oil or petroleum.

1 - ⓐ propane.

∆/𝐶𝑎𝑂
CH3(CH2)2COONa + NaOH → Na2CO3 + C3H8

∆/𝐶𝑎𝑂
C3H7COONa + NaOH → Na2CO3 + C3H8

Assignment One
2 - ⓐ CH3CH2COONa

∆/𝐶𝑎𝑂
CH3CH2COONa + NaOH → Na2CO3 + C2H6

3 - ⓒ Non-transitional metal oxide.

We use CaO and NaOH

4- ⓐ

5 - ⓒ Producing a gas that has less carbon atoms than salt by 1.

∆/𝐶𝑎𝑂
CH3COONa + NaOH → CH4 + Na2CO3

The salt contains 2 The gas contains 1

carbon atoms carbon atoms

∆/𝐶𝑎𝑂
C2H5COONa + NaOH → C2H6 + Na2CO3

The salt contains 3 The gas contains 2

carbon atoms carbon atoms

Assignment One
6 - ⓐ Larger than 7.

∆/𝐶𝑎𝑂
CH3COONa+ NaOH → CH4 + Na2CO3

Na2CO3 + H2O → NaOH + H2CO3

Strong base Weak acid

Sodium carbonate salt solution has so, PH is larger than 7

1 - ⓑ C10 : C12

Gasoline is a alkane

Gaseous from C1 : C4 , from C5 : C17 and from C17 to higher

No. of Carbon

2 - ⓑ C4 H10 and C3 H8

Butane and propane are used in Butagas cylinders

(liquified petroleum fuel)

Assignment One
3 - ⓒ Normal pentane.

No. of Carbon

4- ⓑ

2 – methyl, butane contains 5 carbon atoms so, it is liquid

5 - ⓑ It has the highest boiling point.

Volatile means that the substance evapourates or found in gaseous state at normal

temperature

Least number of carbon atoms Largest number of carbon atoms

Most volatile Least volatile
Lowest density Highest density
Lowest Viscosity Highest Viscosity
Lowest melting point Highest melting point
Smallest molar mass Largest molar mass

Assignment One
6 - ⓒ The boiling point of decane is higher

Decane Heptane
C10H22 C7H16
Larger molar mass than heptane Smaller molar mass than Decane
Higher boiling point than heptane Smaller boiling point than heptane
liquid liquid

7 - ⓐ Boiling point

Petroleum products contains many types of organic compounds, so each type will have

different boiling point than the others.

8- ⓑ

Paraffin wax is a solid alkane so, it has the highest boiling point (C)

Methane is a gaseous alkane so, it has the lowest boiling point (B)

Gasoline is liquid so, it is in between (B) and (C) so, it is (A)

Assignment One
9 - ⓓ Gas at room temperature

All alkanes have less density than water (oil floats over water)

All alkanes are saturated and immiscible with water

All alkanes are hydrocarbons but not all alkanes are gaseous, as some are liquid

and some are solids

10 - ⓓ Butane.

Butane ratio in butagas cylinders is greater in hot areas

11 - ⓔ Ethane

Least number of carbon atoms Largest number of carbon atoms

Most volatile Least volatile
Lowest density Highest density
Lowest Viscosity Highest Viscosity
Lowest melting point Highest melting point
Smallest molar mass Largest molar mass

Assignment One
12 - ⓔ Heptene

Least number of carbon atoms Largest number of carbon atoms

Most volatile Least volatile
Lowest density Highest density
Lowest Viscosity Highest Viscosity
Lowest melting point Highest melting point
Smallest molar mass Largest molar mass

13 - ⓒ Hexane

Least number of carbon atoms Largest number of carbon atoms

Most volatile Least volatile
Lowest density Highest density
Lowest Viscosity Highest Viscosity
Lowest melting point Highest melting point
Smallest molar mass Largest molar mass

14 - ⓔ Ethane

Falmability )‫ ( قابلية االشتعال‬means the ability to burn completely.

When the number of carbon atoms in compound increases, we need more oxygen

to burn it completely so flammability decreases.

(Note: Methane needs 2 moles only of oxygen to burn completely while propane

needs 5 moles of oxygen to burn completely so, it is easier to burn methane so,

methane has

Assignment One
1 - ⓒ Propane

Mass of CO2 gas = 132 gm

𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 132
Moles of CO2 gas = 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 = 12+2𝑥16 = 3 moles

So, number of carbon atoms is 3

Assume the hydrocarbon is CXHY

∆
CXHY + O2 → XCO2 + H2O
Number of carbon atoms X equals the moles of CO2

Number of hydrogen atoms Y equals double the moles of H2O vapour

Assignment One
2 - ⓓ Remains unchanged

When propane is burned, it produces CO2 and H2O vapor. The container is

so, the gases won’t escape.

Mass of reactants = Mass of the products

So, the mass doesn’t change

3 - ⓑ ethyl

Assume the hydrocarbon is CXHY

∆
CXHY + O2 → XCO2 + H2O
Number of carbon atoms X equals the moles of CO2

Number of hydrogen atoms Y equals double the moles of H2O vapour

(R – CH2 – CH3) burns giving 5 moles of H2O

So, total number of hydrogen atoms in (R – CH2 – CH3) is 5 x 2 = 10 atoms

(R – CH2 – CH3) contains a total of 10 hydrogen atoms

So, R contains 5 hydrogen atoms

R is C2H5 (ethyl)

Assignment One
4 - ⓒ CO2 , H2O , HCl

Methyl chloride is CH3Cl

The reactants contain C, H and Cl so, products must contain C, H and Cl

Only choice ⓒ could be correct

5 - ⓒ CCl4

𝑈𝑉.
C2H6 + Cl2 → C2H5Cl + HCl

𝑈𝑉.
C2H6 + 2Cl2 → C2H4Cl2 + 2HCl
𝑈𝑉.
C2H6 + 3Cl2 → C2H3Cl3 + 3HCl (Subsitution reaction)

6 - ⓒ 1/ +400KJ.

In halogenation of CH4, we heat up till 400oC and we use U.V rays so, reaction is

endothermic which means that △H = + ve. ( △H = Hproducts ─ Hreactants )

if △H is +ve so, Hproducts > Hreactants

Reactants → CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl ← Products

Choice ⓐ is incorrect as in [3] △H = 0 KJ

Choice ⓑ is incorrect as CH4 + Cl2 products not reactants

Choice ⓓ is incorrect as in [4] △H = - ve

Assignment One
7 - ⓐ Large

large If CH4 : Cl2 is equal If CH4 : Cl2 is small

Cl2 is in small amounts Cl2 is in equal amounts to Cl2 is in large amounts and

and CH4 is in large CH4 so, CH3Cl will be CH4 is in small amounts

amounts so, CH3Cl will produced and won’t be so, CH3Cl produced will

be produced and won’t halogenated after that be halogenated by the

be halogenated after As moles of Cl2 equal to extra Cl2 forming CH2Cl2

that moles of CH4 then CCl4

CH3Cl produced in CH3Cl produced in large CCl4 produced in large

large amounts amounts amounts

8- ⓓ

Excess Cl2 means maximum no. of moles that can react with CH4 which is 4 also,

reaction must occur in the presence of U.V rays

Choice ⓐ and ⓒ are incorrect as reaction wont occur due to absence of U. V rays
Choice ⓑ is incorrect as 2 is not the maximum number of moles that can react with CH4

Assignment One
9- ⓒ6

Ethane C2H6 contains 6 hyrogen atoms and each hydrogen atomis replaced in 1 step in

substitution reaction

1 | C2H6 + Br2 → C2H5Br + HBr

2 | C2H5Br + Br2 → C2H4Br2 + HBr

3 | C2H4Br2 + Br2 → C2H3Br3 + HBr

4 | C2H3Br3+ Br2 → C2H2Br4 + HBr

5 | C2H2Br4 + Br2 → C2HBr5 + HBr

6 | C2HBr5 + Br2 → C2Br6 + HBr

10 - ⓓ Thermal catalytic cracking, then burning in air.

Choice ⓑ is incorrect as Burning in the absence of air produces solid C(s) and

H2(g) gas and reduction of the products won't produce CO2

Choices ⓐ and ⓒ are incorrect due to halogenation

Choice ⓐ is correct as thermal catalytic cracking of alkane gives alkane and

alkene, then burning alkane or alkene in air will produce and H2O vapor.

Assignment One
 𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒/ 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝 & 𝐶𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑡
C8H18(l) → C4H10(g) + C4H8(g)
∆
C4H10(s) + 6O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 5H2O(v) + Energy

11 - ⓓ Thermal catalytic cracking

Choice ⓐ is incorrect as burning in air produces CO2 and H2O, which are inorganic

Choice ⓑ is incorrest as Na2CO3 produced is inorganic

∆/𝐶𝑎𝑂
CH3COONa+ NaOH → CH4 + Na2CO3

Choice ⓒ is incorrect as HCl produced is inorganic

𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒/ 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝 & 𝐶𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑡

C8H18(l) → C4H10(g) + C4H8(g)
Butane and butene are organic, also the molar mass of butane is different than butene

12 - ⓐ Both Assertion and Reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation for

Assertion.

Assignment One
13 - ⓓ decane

Assume the alkane produced is CnH2n + 2 and the alkene produced is CnH2n

Mass of alkane (M1) = 12 x n + 1 x (2n + 2) = 14n + 2

Mass of alkene (M2) = 12 x n + 1 x 2n = 14n

Mass of alkane (M1) + Mass of alkene (M2) = 14n + 2 + 14n

Mass of alkane (M1) + Mass of alkene (M2) = 142

14n + 2 + 14n = 142 28n + 2 = 142 28n = 140 n=5

Alkane is C5H12 and alkene is C5H10

𝐻𝑖𝑔ℎ 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒/ 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝 & 𝐶𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑡
CXHY → C5H12 + C5H10

CXHY is C10H22 (Decane)

14 - ⓐ thermal catalytic cracking.

∆/𝐶𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑡
C8H18 (l) → C4H10 (g) + C4H8 (g)

15 - ⓒ

The equation represents thermal catalytic cracking of alkane

Assignment One
16 - ⓑ It participates in catalytic hydration reactions.

Choice ⓐ is correct as alkanes react with chlorine by substitution

Choice ⓒ is correct as any organic compound burns giving CO2( g) and H2 O(v)

Choice ⓓ is correct as propane and isobutane are both alkanes

The answer is ⓑ as alkanes don’t react in addition reaction, and catalytic hydration

is addition reaction

17 - ⓒ Dry and fractional distillation

18 - ⓐ methane

The simplest alkene is C2H4, which is hydrogenated to form C2H6

H2C = CH2 + H2 → C2H6

Assignment One
 19 - ⓓ Alkane + halogen → haloalkane + hydrogen halide

CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl

20 - ⓓ Butane + pentene

C9H20 → C4H10 + C5H10

no of carbon atoms after reaction = 9, no of hydrogen atoms after reaction = 20

(Note

Other choices are not correct

21 - ⓑ Volatility

Alkanes undergo cracking to produce smaller alkane and smaller alkene so, the

number of carbon atoms in the products of the cracking decreases

Less number of carbon atoms More number of carbon atoms

Most volatile Least volatile

Lowest density Highest density

Lowest Viscosity Highest Viscosity

Lowest melting point Highest melting point

When the number of carbon atoms decreases, only volatility increases

Assignment One
 22 - ⓓ Cracking is possible without a catalyst

Choice ⓐ is incorrect as cracking decreases the chain length of the hydrocarbon.

Choice ⓑ is incorrect as cracking can generate gaseous or liquid products

according to number of carbon atoms in the alkane used

Choice ⓒ is incorrect as cracking is not a method of polymerization, as in

polymerization, smaller molocules combine to form large molecule

Choice ⓔ is incorrect as cracking is endothermic.

Only choice ⓓ is correct because we use a catalyst to decreases activation energy, but

if we didn’t use a catalyst, the reaction will occur but at a higher temperature

1 - ⓑ A cooling substance.

2 - ⓐ Substitution. Alkanes react by substitution

3 - ⓒ Triflouro, trichloro

Dry Cleaning Compound

Assignment One
4 - ⓑ half

Dry Cleaning Compound

Feron

5 - ⓑ Chloroform

6 - ⓒ Dry cleaning

Assignment One
7 - ⓑ anesthetic

8 - ⓒ Freon`s

9 - ⓒ CCl2F2 Ferons decay the ozone layer and CCl2F2 is from ferons

10 - ⓒ CF2Cl2 Ferons are useⓓin cleaning electrical instruments

11 - ⓐ C𝑛 H2𝑛+1 X similar to C2H5Br or CH3Cl

1 - ⓑ carbon dioxide and water vapor from methane.

All alkanes burn, giving water vapor and carbon dioxide gas through an
∆
exothermic reaction CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + heat
Choices ⓐ, ⓒ and ⓓ all require energy to occur (endothermic)

Assignment One
2 - ⓒ Thermal cracking of methane in absence of air
N2 and H2 are involved in the preparation of NH3 so, we need to prepare H2 as we
are using methane in all choices which is a hydrocarbon

725𝑜𝐶
Choice ⓐ is incorrect as, CH4 + H2O → CO(g) + H2(g). CO is a gas and also H2
is a gas so, we wont be able to separate H2(g) from CO(g)

1000𝑜𝐶
Choice ⓒ is correct as CH4 → C(s) + 2H2. H2 produced is gas and C(s) produced
is solid so, it is easy to separate gas from solid
Choice ⓓ gives us CO2 and H2O no H2 produced

3- ⓐpropane.
R–COONa + NaOH→RH+Na2CO3
CH3–CH2–CH2–COONa + NaOH→ CH3–CH2–CH3+Na2CO3

4- ⓓIt dissolves forming a solution its pH is higher than 7

Powder X is Na2CO3 and when it dissolves in water It forms an alkaline solution

5- ⓒnormal pentane.

6- ⓐC3H8

7- ⓓalkanes.

8- ⓓa saturated hydrocarbon.
As Paraffin wax consists of a mixture of alkanes which is saturated hydrocarbons

Assignment One
9- ⓑInflammability.
As you add more carbon atoms to the chain, the molecules become heavier so the
Inflammability decreases

10 - ⓒ
As all molecules are saturated so it is alkanes and every molecule consists of 1C
and 4H so it is methane which is gas

11 - ⓒNormal hexane is liquid at room temperature.

Note:
All alkanes have the same general formula not structural formula

12 - ⓐa few number of them can dissolve in acetone.

As it dissolves many of them not just few

13 - ⓒC6H14
As thermal catalytic applied on long chain alkanes

17
14 - ⓒ C8H18(l) + 2 O2(g) → 4CO2(g) + 4C(s) + 9H2O(v)
We should check balance & products as the incomplete combustion produces
carbon

15 - ⓐThermal catalytic cracking/ C6H14

As the process of breaking a very long-chain alkane into smaller molecules is called
Thermal catalytic cracking
Reactants have 35C and 72H and products have (2x3)+(2x4)+(15) = 29C and
(2x6)+(2x8)+(30) = 58H so the rest is 6C and 14H which is C6H14
Note:
Thermal catalytic cracking produces 1alkane and the rest are alkenes

16 - ⓐcracking processes

17 - ⓓ(X): Hexane (Y): 1-butene (Z): Ethene.

As Thermal catalytic cracking produces 1alkane and the rest are alkenes

Assignment One
18 - ⓒP: Ethene, Q: Octane

19 - ⓒ
As methane is gas in room temperature so it has very low boiling and CCl4 has
larger molar mass, so it has higher boiling point

20 - ⓒC8H18
Choice A:
C10H20O2 + 14O2 → 10CO2 + 10H2O
172 g → 10mol
10,000g → X
X = 581.4mol
Choice B:
C2H6O+ 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
46 g → 2mol
10,000g → X
X=434.7mol
Choice C:
𝟐𝟓
C8H18+ O2 → 8CO2 +9H2O
𝟐
114g → 8mol
10,000g → X
X=701.7mol
Choice D:
C3H8+5O2 → 3CO2 +4H2O
44g → 3mol
10,000g→ X
X = 681.8mol

21 - ⓓ This reaction entails ultraviolet rays to take place.

as it is substitution reaction

Assignment One
22 - ⓒ4
As when 1 mol of propane reacts with 2 mol of bromine it produces dibromo
propane
And it has 4 isomers

23 - ⓓ

24 - ⓒ (1): Thermal catalytic cracking. (2): Combustion, (3): Oxidation-reduction.

25 - ⓒ Water gas is not an organic compound

26 - ⓓMethane and water vapor.

27 - ⓒ3 mol
As the compound which is used in dry cleaning derived from ethane is 1,1,1-
trichloroethane

Assignment One
1-
71
(1) no. of moles of Cl2 = 35.5∗2 = 1mol
22
no. of moles of propane = 44 = 0.5 mol
so, moles of chlorine gas are double the moles of propane, so the equation is
C3H8 + 2Cl2 → C3H6Cl2 + 2HCl

(2) 1-chloropropane, 2-chloropropane

2-
1)CH3COONa + NaOH → CH4+Na2CO3
𝐍𝐢, 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐭
2) CH4+H2O→ CO+3H2

3-
1 | CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl

2 | CH3Cl + Cl2 → CH2Cl2 + HCl

3 | CH2Br2 + Cl2 → CHCl3 + HCl

4-
CH4(g)+H2O(g) ↔ CO(g) + 3H2(g)
(𝑃𝐶𝑂 )(𝑃𝐻2 )3
Kp = (𝑃 .
𝐶𝐻4 )(𝑃𝐻2𝑂 )

Assignment One
5-
(1)C4H10 (gaseous compound)

(2) C3H8
176
6 - No. of moles of CO2 = 12+(2∗16) = 4mol
So this alkane has 4 carbon atoms so X = 4 and we can calculate Y from the
general law of alkanes, Y= 10

1 - ⓓ CH4 + C2 H6 + C3 H8

Natural gas contains methane in large amounts and other alkanes

1 - ⓑ calcium oxide and fluorspar.

Fluxes are compounds that are used to reduce the boiling point of the mixture

• CaO is used in the preparation of methane gas

• Fluorspar is used in the extraction of aluminum

2- ⓑ
the moist mixture of methane and hydrogen chloride gases means: CH4 / H2O / HCl

Choice ⓐ Choice ⓑ

Assignment One
 On passing the mixture in conc. H2SO4, On passing the mixture in H2O, we
we remove H2O. remove HCl.
H2O in the second container removes Conc. H2SO4 in the second container
HCl but at the same time H2O can be removes H2O and CH4 is produced
produced with CH4 so, ⓐ is incorrect 3 - ⓑ is correct

Choice ⓒ and ⓓ are incorrect as the gases entering won't be completely

immersed in the solution of the container as the tube length is small

3- ⓑ
The reactants contain C, H, O, Na, and Ba so, products must contain C, H, O, Na, and Ba

Only choice ⓑ could be correct

1 - ⓒ the higher its boiling point becomes.

When molar mass of alkanes (Paraffins) increases, boiling point increases
2 - ⓒ Propane Propane ratio in butagas is greater in colⓓareas. when
temperature is 0oC , this means that this areⓐis cold

3 - ⓐ Lower See explanation of Q5 in the next part.

4 - ⓐ Higher See explanation of Q5 in the next part.

5- ⓑ Straight-chain alkanes can pack more tightly than branched-chain alkanes, anⓓthis
increases the boiling point due to greater intermolecular forces.

Assignment One
 Explanation:

Straight-chain alkanes molecules can get closer together than branched-chain

alkanes molecules, even when they have the same number of carbon anⓓ
hydrogen atoms. The closer the molecules can get, the greater the intermolecular
forces of attraction anⓓthe higher the boiling point.

Branched compound Straight compound

Lower boiling point Higher boiling point

6 - ⓔ It decreases.
As the hydrocarbon chain length increases, viscosity increases. As
the hydrocarbon chain length increases, flammability decreases.

Assignment One
 Also When number of carbon atoms in compounⓓincreases, we neeⓓmore
oxygen to burn it completely so flammability decreases
needs 2 moles only of oxygen to burn completely while propane
needs 5 moles of oxygen to burn completely so, it is easier to burn methane so,
methane has

1 - ⓑ Small.

If CH4 : Cl2 is large If CH4 : Cl2 is equal If CH4 : Cl2 is small

Cl2 is in small amounts Cl2 is in equal amounts to Cl2 is in large amounts and

and CH4 is in large CH4 so, CH3Cl will be CH4 is in small amounts

amounts so, CH3Cl will produced and won’t be so, CH3Cl produced will

be produced and won’t halogenated after that be halogenated by the

be halogenated after As moles of Cl2 equal to extra Cl2 forming CH2Cl2

that moles of CH4 then CCl4

CH3Cl produced in CH3Cl produced in large CCl4 produced in large

large amounts amounts amounts

2 - ⓒ CH4
Alkanes react with chlorine in presence of ultraviolet rays, in the dark, no reaction
occurs
UV
3 - ⓐ C2 H6(excess) + Cl2 ⟶

If Cl2 is excess If C2H6 is excess

Assignment One
 UV UV
C2 H6 + Cl2 (excess) ⟶ C2 H6(excess) + Cl2 ⟶ C2 H5 Cl + HCl
The C2H5Cl produced wont react with
𝑈𝑉. chlorine as there is a small amount of
C2H6 + Cl2 → C2H5Cl + HCl
𝑈𝑉. chlorine
C2H6 + 2Cl2 → C2H4Cl2 + 2HCl
𝑈𝑉.
C2H6 + 3Cl2 → C2H3Cl3 + 3HCl

4 - ⓒ normal butane.
∆
X → CH4 + C3H6 so, X is C4H10

5- ⓒ4
𝑈𝑉.
C3H8 + 2Cl2 → C3H6Cl2 + 2HCl

2,2 – dichloro propane 1,1 – dichloro propane 1,2 – dichloro propane 1,3 – dichloro propane

6 - ⓒ C4 H10
Assume the hydrocarbon is CXHY

Assignment One
 ∆ ∆ 𝑌
CXHY + O2(excess) → CO2 + H2O, after balancing CXHY + O2(excess) → XCO2 + 2 H2O

From the chemical equation From the chemical equation

∆ ∆ 𝑌
CXHY → XCO2 CXHY → 2 H2O
1 x 22.4 L → X × 22.4 L 𝑌
1 x 22.4 L → x 22.4 L
2
2L→8L
2 L → 10 L
X=4
Y = 10

The hydrocarbon CXHY is C4H10

7 - ⓐ thermal catalytic cracking

8 - ⓐ Methane
Assume that the hydrocarbon is methane CH4

Assignment One
 ∆
CH4 + O2(excess) → CO2 + 2H2O
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑠
1 mole of CH4 → 1 mole CO2 + 2 mole H2O
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑠
0.1 mole of CH4 → X mole CO2 + Y mole H2O
0.1𝑥1 0.1𝑥2
X= = 0.1 moles, Y = = 0.2 moles
1 1

M1 is mass of carbon dioxide, while M2 is mass of water vapour

M1 + M2 = 0.1 x (12 + 2x16) + 0.2 x (2 + 16) = 8 gm so, the answer is Methane

9 - ⓒ Oxygen
If the amount of oxygen is small, the alkane burns incompletely
If the amount of oxygen is Large, the alkane burns completely

10 - ⓐ B > C > A
When number of carbon atoms in compounⓓincreases, we neeⓓmore oxygen to
burn it completely so flammability decreases
(A) Hexane contains 6 carbon atoms
(B) 2-methyl, propane contains 4 carbon atoms
(C) 2,2-dimethyl, propane contains 5 carbon atoms
carbon atoms in (B) is less than in (C) which is less than in (A) so,
flammability in (B) is higher than in (C) which is higher than in (A)
11 - ⓓ C4H10.
(Note: one mole of any gas occupies 22.4L so, number of moles of gas is directly
proportional to the volume of gas)
𝑌
CxHy + O2 → XCO2 + H2O, Number of moles of CO2 gas produceⓓis equal to
2

the number of carbon atoms in the compounⓓEx: if 1 mole of compounⓓ

Assignment One
 contains 4 carbon atoms is burneⓓthen 4 moles of CO2 gas is produced. The ratio
between volume of CxHy : volume of CO2
=
ratio between no. of moles of CxHy : no. of moles of CO2 = 50 : 200 = 1 : 4
So, each 1 mole of CxHy produces 4 moles of CO2 so, x = 4
ratio between no. of moles of CxHy : no. of moles of H2O = 50 : 250 = 1 : 5
So, each 1 mole of CxHy produces 5 moles of H2O so, 1 x y = 5 x 2 = 10
so, y = 10

12 - ⓓ F2
As we go down in the periodic table, the electronegativity and Cl2
reactivity of halogens decreases so, F2 is the most reactive while I2 is Br2
the least reactive so I2 reaction with alkanes will be the slowest I2

13 - ⓒ C2 H5 Br The reaction is balanced but it is incomplete as X is missing

C2H6 + Br2 → C2H5Br + HBr

14 - ⓒ C7H16
𝐶𝑎𝑂
CH3COONa+ NaOH → Na2CO3 + CH4 Similarly:
𝐶𝑎𝑂
C3H7COONa+ NaOH → Na2CO3 + C3H8 so, A is C3H8
X → C3H8 + 2 CH2=CH2
no of carbon atoms after reaction = 3 + 2 x 2 = 7
no of hydrogen atoms after reaction = 8 + 2 x 4 = 16 X is C7H16

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔
15 - ⓑ C6 H12 C18H38 → C12 H26 + B

Assignment One
 no of carbon atoms after reaction = 12, no of hydrogen atoms after reaction = 26

no of carbon atoms in X = 18 – 12 = 6,no of hydrogen atoms in X= 38 – 26 = 12

16 - ⓐ Compound Y decolourizes the bromine water so, Y is unsaturated and it is alkene

Only choice ⓐ and ⓓ are correct as they are alkenes

From the question:

1 molecule of butane, 7 molecules of ethene, and 4 molecules of a different

compound Y so, Y cant be ethene or butane which means that choice ⓓ is incorrect
so, choice ⓐ is correct and Y is propene

(Note: from the question, “Other product molecules may be present” so, we couldn’t

1 - ⓑ 73.4%
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 80
% of Br in C2H5Br = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑥 100 = 2 𝑥 12+5 𝑥 1+80 𝑥 100 = 73.4%

Assignment One
2 - ⓑ methane.
UV
Chloroform is produced from: CH4 + 3Cl2 ⟶ CHCl3 + 3HCl
Haloform formula is CHX3 where X is any halogen so, haloform is a trihalogen
derivative of methane

3 - ⓐ (D) : is a saturated cyclic compound, (A) : is an alkane derivative

A F H Derivative of alkane
F C C Br
F Cl
B F Alkane derivative
F C F
F
C Cl Alkane derivative
Br C Cl
Br
D C5H10 Alkene or cyclo alkane

1 - ⓑ As it is a necessity to add black carbon to them to protect them from erosion.

The black colour is due to the presence of carbon which is used in car tires

Assignment One
1 - ⓒ 4500 Kg
Percentage of pure iron in the meteorites = 90%
Mass of iron = 5 x 90% = 4.5 ton (4500 kg)
1 Δ
2 - ⓑ 2FeCO3( s) + 2 O2( g) ⟶ Fe2 O3( s) + 2CO2( g)

During roasting a pure sample of iron ore means there are no impurities in the iron ore
So, Choice ⓐ, ⓒ, ⓓ are excluded as they are impurities
3- ⓓ
During roasting of limonite ore (2Fe2O3.3H2O) its mass decreases due to evolve of water
vapour then become constant
2Fe2O3.3H2O(S) 2Fe2O3(s) + H2O(v)

4- ⓒ
In alloy (A): X and Fe have the same atomic radius so alloy
(A) is Substitution alloy and element (X) is in the same group
of iron as they have the same atomic radius
In alloy (B): Y is placed in the intermolecular space between iron atoms so alloy (B) is
Interstitial alloy

1- ⓐ
We know that barium Chloride forms a white ppt with (Sulphate and Phosphate) so the
correct choice is ⓐ

Assignment One
2 - ⓓ Adding sodium hydroxide solution gradually to aluminum sulphate solution.

On adding NaOH to Al2(SO4)3 a white ppt is formed which On adding NaOH to

is Al(OH)3 and this ppt dissolves on adding excess amount

of NaOH

So its graph is not compitable with the graph in the question

3 - ⓓ caustic soda solution.

Fe(OH)3 act as base so it can’t react with NaOH (caustic soda) so ppt can’t
removed by adding basic solution
4 - ⓑ adding diluted sulphuric acid to calcium nitrate solution.
Nitrate detects by adding concentrated sulphuric acid not diluted
5 - ⓐ Product of reaction (1) is reddish brown ppt. while product of reaction (2) is
greenish white ppt.
The product of reaction (1) is FeCl3 and when it reacts with NaOH a reddish
brown ppt is formed

While the product of reaction (2) is FeCl2 and when it reacts with NaOH a greenish
white ppt is formed

3
1 - ⓑ 2Fe(𝑠) + 2 O2(𝑔) + 3H2 O(ℓ) = 2Fe(OH)3(𝑠)

This is the equation of iron rusting which takes a long time to occurs
2 - ⓑ alcohols with carboxylic acids to form esters and water.
The reaction of organic compounds is relatively slow reactions due to presence of
covalent bond
3- ⓐ

Assignment One
 Because the reaction is reversible the solution is still acidic so, when bromothymol
blue is added to the solution the color of solution will be yellow because the
solution is acidic
4- ⓐ
At Equilibrium the rate of forward and backward are equal so, the correct graph is ⓐ

1- ⓑ
You have electrolytic cell contains iron III oxide so, iron will reduced at cathode and
oxygen evolves at anode . And You want to know the volume of oxygen at ( STP)

To know the volume of oxygen at (STP) you must have [Link] but you don't know
[Link] .

You can know [Link] from the amount of oxygen gas “ in gm “ . that evolved at
anode
And to know the amount of oxygen you must know the quantity of electricity that is
passed through the molten iron III oxide .
Q = I x t = 72,000 C
96500 → 16 /2
72,000 → Z gm
Z = 5.96 gm
1 mol → 32 gm/mol
X mol → 5.96 gm
X = 0.18625 mol
Volume = 0.18625 x 22.4 = 4.17 L
2- ⓒ
from the opposite equation to precipitate (g/atom = molar mass = 1 mol ) you need
3 electrons and to transfer three electrons you need 3 F

Assignment One
 ( You can make a relation between number of needed electrons and quantity of

3 - ⓐ Y+
According to Faraday,s second law:
The amount of substance formed or consumed are directly proportional to their
equivalent masses on passing the same amount of electricity
Assume that molar mass of (X) is X
Assume that molar mass of (Y) is Y
Assume that valency of (Y) is Z
By appling faraday’s second law:
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑋) 𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝑌)
=
𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 (𝑋) 𝐸𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 (𝑌)

Mass of produced substance (X) = moles x molar mass = 0.08 x X

Mass of produced substance (Y) = moles x molar mass = 0.16 x Y
0.08 𝑥 𝑋 0.16 𝑥 𝑌 0.08 0.16
𝑋 = 𝑌 , 1 = 1 , 0.16 = 0.16 Z so,
2 𝑍 2 𝑍

4 - ⓓ 28L
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑠 16
1F→ 2
gm of oxygen
𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑠
5F→ X gm of oxygen
X = 40 gm of oxygen gas
𝑀𝑎𝑠𝑠 40
Moles of oxygen gas = = = 1.25 moles
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 16 𝑥 2

Volume of oxygn gas evolved = 1.25 x 22.4 = 28 L

Assignment One