University of Engineering & Technology

Peshawar, Pakistan

CE215: Structure Analysis I

Module : 08
Analysis of Indeterminate Beams using Method of
Consistent Deformation

By:
Prof. Dr. Bashir Alam
Civil Engineering Department
UET , Peshawar
 Topics to be Covered
• Statical indeterminate structures
• Analysis Methods for S.I.S
• Force and displacement based analysis methods
• General procedure of analysis with force methods
• Method of consistent deformation for 1st and 2nd order
indeterminate structures
• Step wise procedure for method of consistent deformation
• Examples
• Appendix
• Refrences
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Statically Indeterminate Structures:

When the unknown forces in a structure are more than the available
equilibrium equations, that structure is known as statically
indeterminate.

Most of the structures designed today are statically indeterminate.

This indeterminacy may be due to the added supports or members, or
by the general form of the structure. For example, reinforced concrete
buildings are almost always statically indeterminate.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Advantages of Statically Indeterminate Structures
Followings are the advantages of making a structure statically
indeterminate
1. Smaller Stresses
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Advantages of Statically Indeterminate Structures

2. Greater Stiffness
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Advantages of Statically Indeterminate Structures
3. Redundancies
A simply supported beam is a determinate structure so it has no
redundant actions.
A fixed beam is indeterminate by 2 degrees so it has two redundant
actions.

Yielding will initiate at mid span due to maximum moment

at mid span with no Redistribution of load
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Advantages of Statically Indeterminate Structures

3. Redundancies

Yielding will initiate at supports due to maximum moment at

supports
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Advantages of Statically Indeterminate Structures
3. Redundancies

Redistribution of load to mid span after yielding of section at supports

 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Disadvantages of Statically Indeterminate Structures

Followings are the disadvantages of making a structure statically

indeterminate
1. Stress due to Support Settlement

Internal hinge

Statically determinate beam Statically indeterminate beam

 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Disadvantages of Statically Indeterminate Structures

Followings are the disadvantages of making a structure statically

indeterminate
2. Stress due to Temperature Changes and Fabrication Errors

Statically determinate beam

Statically indeterminate beam

 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
While analyzing indeterminate structures, It is necessary to satisfy the
following three conditions
1. Equilibrium condition
2. Compatibility condition
3. Force Deformations Relations

1. Equilibrium condition
Force equilibrium is satisfied when the reactive forces hold the
structure in stable equilibrium, as the structure is subjected to
external loads.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
2. Compatibility condition
Displacement compatibility is satisfied when the various
segments of the structure fit together without intentional breaks,
or overlaps
3. Force Deformations Relations
Force-displacement requirements depend on the manner the
material of the structure responds to the applied loads, which can
be linear/nonlinear/viscous and elastic/inelastic; for our study the
behavior is assumed to be linear and elastic
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures

Following are the methods used for the analysis of indeterminate

structures

Methods

Classical Matrix
Methods Methods

Consistent Slope Moment Flexibility

3 Moment Stiffness
deformatio deflection distribution Method
equation Method
n method equations method
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Methods of Analysis
When analyzing any indeterminate structure, it is necessary to satisfy
equilibrium, compatibility, and force-displacement requirements for
the structure. In general there are two different ways to satisfy these
requirements when analyzing a statically indeterminate structure.

1. Force Based Analysis

2. Deformation Based Analysis

 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Methods of Analysis

1. Force Based Analysis

This method was one of the first available for the analysis of
statically indeterminate structures. Since compatibility forms
the basis for this method, it has sometimes been referred to as
the compatibility method or the method of consistent
displacements.
This method consists of writing equations that satisfy the
compatibility and force-displacement requirements for the
structure in order to determine the redundant forces. Once these
forces have been determined, the remaining reactive forces on
the structure are determined by satisfying the equilibrium
requirements.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Methods of Analysis

2. Displacement Based Analysis

The displacement method of analysis is based on first writing
force-displacement relations for the members and then satisfying
the equilibrium requirements for the structure. In this case the
unknowns in the equations are displacements. Once the
displacements are obtained, the forces are determined from the
compatibility and force displacement equations. We will study
some of the classical techniques used to apply the displacement
method in next modules.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Methods of Analysis
Summarizing both Force based and displacement based method in a
table
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Principle of Superposition

The total displacement or internal loading (stress) at a point in a

structure subjected to several external loadings can be
determined by adding together the displacements or internal
loadings (stress) caused by each of the external loads acting
separately.

P1 P2 P1 P1 P2
= +
∆1 ∆2 ∆ʹ1 ∆ʹ2 ∆ʹ2+∆ʺ2
∆ʹ1+∆ʺ1

As it is shown from fig. also i.e ∆1 = ∆ʹ1 + ∆ʺ1 & ∆2 = ∆ʹ2 + ∆ʺ2
Which shows the principle of superposition.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure:

Perhaps the best way to illustrate the principles involved in the force
method of analysis is to consider the beam shown in Fig.

P
A B
Actual Beam

Number of unknown support reactions =4

Equations of equilibrium available =3
Degree of indeterminacy = 10

So we need one more equation for solution

 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure:
For this we will use principle of superposition and consider the

compatibility of displacement at one of its support.

This is done by choosing one of its support reactions as Redundant

and temporarily removing its effect on the beam to make it statically

determinate and stable here reaction at B is taken as redundant.

This beam is referred to as the Primary Structure.

P
A B A B

Actual Beam Primary Structure

AR
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure:
Now apply actual loads on the Primary structure and determine the

displacement at the redundant location.

P
A B
ΔB
Primary Structure
acted upon by actual
loads
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure:
By superposition, the unknown reaction at B, i.e., By, causes the beam
at B to be displaced ΔʹBB upward.

A Δ’BB=ByfBB
B
Redundant By Applied on PS
By

First letter in subscript notation refers to point B where deflection is specified and second
letter refers to point B where unknown reaction acts.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure:
Assuming positive displacements act upward, then we can write
necessary compatibility equation at the roller as

0   B  ' BB  
P
A B

Actual Beam

P
A B A Δ’BB=ByfBB
ΔB B
Actual Loads on PS Redundant By Applied on PS
By
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure:
The displacement at B caused by unit load acting in the direction of By
is Linear flexibility coefficient fBB.
A fBB
B
1

fBB is the deflection at B caused by a unit load at B.

The material behaves in a linear elastic manner, a force of By acting at B, instead of
unit load, will cause a proportionate increase in fBB.

 BB  B y f BB
'
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure:
We can say that Linear Flexibility Coefficient fBB is a measure of the
deflection per unit force, and its units are m/N, ft/lb, etc.

The compatibility equation above can be written in terms of the

unknown By as

B
0   B  By f BB ⇒ By 
f BB

Once By is found, the three reactions at A can be found from equations of equilibrium.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure:
As stated previously, the choice of redundant is arbitrary.

For example, the moment at A can be determined directly by removing

the capacity of beam to support a moment at A, by replacing the fixed
support by a pin. P
A B
AR

Actual Beam

A B

Primary structure
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure:
Now apply actual loads on the Primary structure and determine the

displacement (rotation) at the redundant location.

A P B

θA

Primary structure acted upon by actual loads

 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure:
The rotation at A cause by the redundant MA at A is calculated which is
given by θʹAA. If we denote an angular flexibility coefficient αAA as the
angular displacement at A cause by a unit couple moment applied at A,
then
A P B
MA

θ'AA=MAαAA

Redundant MA applied on PS

 AA
'
 M A AA
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure:
The angular flexibility coefficient measures the angular displacement
per unit couple moment and has the units of rad/N.m or rad/[Link], etc.

A P B
1

αAA

The compatibility equation for rotation at A requires

A
0   A  M A AA ⇒ MA  
 AA

-ve value means that MA acts in opposite direction

 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure: Second Order Indeterminate Structures
The figure is showing a beam of second order indeterminacy.

Two compatibility equations will be necessary for solution.

P1 P2

B C
A D

Actual Beam
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure: Second Order Indeterminate Structures
We will choose the vertical forces at the roller supports B and C, as
redundants. P1 P2

B C
A D Actual Beam

The resultant primary structure deflects as shown, when the redundants

are removed
P1 P2

B C Primary Structure
A D acted upon by actual
loads
ΔB ΔC
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure: Second Order Indeterminate Structures
Each redundant force which is assumed to act downward, deflects this
beam as shown
By

B C
A D Redundant By
Applied on PS
ΔʹBB=ByfBB ΔʹCB=ByfCB

Cy
B C
A D Redundant Cy
Applied on PS
ΔʹBB=CyfBC ΔʹCB=CyfCC
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure: Second Order Indeterminate Structures
P1 P2
B C
A D Actual Beam

=
P1 P2
B C Primary Structure
A D
ΔC Acted upon by Actual
ΔB
Loads
By +
B C
A D Redundant By
Applied on PS
ΔʹBB=ByfBB ΔʹCB=ByfCB
Cy
+
B C
A D Redundant Cy
Applied on PS
ΔʹBB=CyfBC ΔʹCB=CyfCC
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure: Second Order Indeterminate Structures
Flexibility coefficient's are

1
B C
A D Unit load at B
is applied
fBB fCB

1
B C Unit load at C
A D
is applied
fBC fCC
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• General Procedure: Second Order Indeterminate Structures
By superposition, the compatibility equations for the deflection at B
and C, respectively are

0   B  By f BB  C y f BC  
0   C  By f CB  C y f CC  

These equations may be solved simultaneously for the two unknown forces By and Cy.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Procedure For Analysis Step wise:
Following procedure provides a general method for determining the
reactions or internal loadings of S.I.S using the force method.
1. Principle of Superposition
• Determine the number of degree of indeterminacy.
• Specify the number of redundant forces or moments which must be removed to
make the structure determinate.
• The primary structure supports the same external loads as the S.I.S., and each of
other structures added to the primary structure shows the structure loaded with a
separate redundant force or moment.
• Sketch the elastic curve on each structure and indicate symbolically the
displacement or rotation at the point of each redundant force or moment.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Procedure For Analysis Step wise:
2. Compatibility Equations
• Write compatibility equation for the displacement or rotation at each point where
there is a redundant force or moment.
• These equations should be expressed in terms of the unknown redundants and their
corresponding flexibility coefficients.
• Determine all the deflections and their corresponding flexibility coefficients using
the table on inside front cover page of RC Hibbler book and also shown in
appendix of this module.
• Substitute these into the compatibility equations and solve for the unknown
redundants.
• If the numerical value for a redundant is negative, it indicates the redundant acts
opposite to its corresponding unit force or unit couple moment.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Procedure For Analysis Step wise:
3. Equilibrium Equations
• Draw a free body diagram of the structure.
• As the redundant forces have been calculated, now calculate the remaining
unknown reactions using equations of equilibrium.
• Now draw the shear and moment diagrams.

Note:
S.I.S = Statically indeterminate structure
S.D.S = Statically determinate structure or Primary Structure
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 01: Determine the reaction at the roller support B of the
beam in Fig. EI is constant. Also draw SFD and BMD.

50 kN
A B

6m 6m
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation

• Example 01: Solution

50 kN
A B

6m 6m

Number of unknown support reactions =4

Equations of equilibrium available =3
Degree of indeterminacy = 10

So we need one more equation for solution

 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 01: Solution
1. Principle of Superposition
• By is taken as redundant
• Removal of redundant By requires that the roller support in the direction of By be
removed
50 kN
A C B

AR=By
6m 6m

A B

Primary Structure
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 01: Solution
1. Principle of Superposition
• By is taken as redundant
• Removal of redundant By requires that the roller support in the direction of By be
removed
• By is assumed to act upward
50 kN
A C B

6m 6m
50kN = Δ’BB=ByfBB
A C B A
ΔB B
Redundant By Applied on PS By
Actual Loads on PS
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 01: Solution
2. Compatibility Equations
• Taking positive displacement as upward, we have

0   B  By f BB (1)

• ΔB and fBB are obtained using tables on inside front cover of book and from
appendix given in this module.
• Note that  B   C   C 6m 

50kN Δ’BB=ByfBB
A C B A
ΔB = B
ΔC θC Redundant By Applied on PS By
Actual Loads on PS
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 01: Solution
2. Compatibility Equations

• Thus
 B   C   C 6m 

P( L 2)3 P( L 2) 2  L  The formulas for Δ and

B     θ is taken from book.
3EI 2 EI  2 

(50kN )(6m)3 (50kN )(6m) 2

B   6m
3EI 2 EI

9000 kN .m3
B  
EI
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 01: Solution
2. Compatibility Equations

• Also finding fBB which is the deflection of Primary structure at redundant location
when acted upon by unit value of redundant reaction.

A fBB
B
Unit value of Redundant By 1
Applied on PS

PL3 112 m  576 m3

3
f BB    
3EI 3EI EI
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 01: Solution
2. Compatibility Equations

Substituting these results into Eq. (1) yields

0   B  By f BB (1)

9000  576 
0  By  
EI  EI 

By  15.6 kN ANS
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 01: Solution
3. Equilibrium Equations

• If this reaction is placed on free body diagram of the beam, the reactions at A can
be obtained from the three equations of equilibrium.

50 kN
34.4 KN
112 kN . m
A B

15.6 kN

6m 6m
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 01: Solution
3. Equilibrium Equations

• Shear Force and Bending moment diagrams will be

34.4 kN 50 kN
112 kN . m
A B
6m 6m
15.6 kN
34.4
V (kN)
-15.6
93.8

M (kN.m) 3.27m
x (m)
6m 12m

-112
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 02: Determine the reaction at the roller support B of the
beam shown in figure. EI is constant. Also draw BMD.

A B
20 k . ft

10ft
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 02: Solution

A B
20 k . ft

10ft

Number of unknown support reactions =4

Equations of equilibrium available =3
Degree of indeterminacy = 10

So we need one more equation for solution

 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 02: Solution
1. Principle of Superposition
• MA is taken as redundant
• The capacity of the beam to support a moment at A has been removed
• Fixed support at A is substituted by a pin
• MA is assumed to act counterclockwise

AR=MA A B
20 k . ft Actual Structure

10ft

A B

Primary Structure
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 02: Solution
1. Principle of Superposition
• MA is taken as redundant
• The capacity of the beam to support a moment at A has been removed
• Fixed support at A is substituted by a pin
• MA is assumed to act counterclockwise

A B
20 k . ft Actual Structure

10ft

θA
= θ'AA=MAαAA
A B MA A B
20 k . ft

Actual loads On PS Redundant MA Applied on PS

 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 02: Solution
2. Compatibility Equations
• Taking positive rotation as counterclockwise, we have

0   A  M A AA (1)

• θA and αAA can be determined using tables on inside front cover of book and from
appendix given in this module, we have
• Note that ML 20 k. ft (10 ft ) 33.3 k. ft 2
A   
6 EI 6 EI EI

θA θ'AA=MAαAA
A B MA A
+ B

Actual Loads on PS 20 k . ft
Redundant MA Applied on PS
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 02: Solution
2. Compatibility Equations
• θA and αAA can be determined using tables on inside front cover of book, we have
• Now αAA can be determined by applying a unit value of redundant action

αAA
1k-ft A B

ML 1(10 ft ) 3.33 ft
 AA   
3EI 3EI EI
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 02: Solution
2. Compatibility Equations

Substituting these results into Eq. (1) yields

0   A  M A AA (1)
33.3  3.33 
0  M A 
EI  EI 

M A  10 k . ft ANS

The negative sign indicates that MA acts opposite to that shown in figure.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 02: Solution
3. Equilibrium Equations

• If this reaction is placed on free body diagram of the beam, the other reactions can
be obtained from the three equations of equilibrium.

A B
MA = 10 k . ft 20 k . ft

3k 3k

10 ft
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 02: Solution
3. Equilibrium Equations

• Bending moment diagram will be

A B
MA = 10 k . ft 20 k . ft

3k 3k
10 ft

10
M ([Link]) x (ft)

-20
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
Example 03: Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown
in Fig. EI is constant. Neglect the effect of axial load.

2 k/ft

A B

10 ft 10 ft
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 03: Solution

2 k/ft

A B

10 ft 10 ft

Number of unknown support reactions =4

Equations of equilibrium available =2
Degree of indeterminacy = 20

So we need one more equation for solution

 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 03: Solution
1. Principle of Superposition
• MA & MB is taken as redundant.
• The capacity of the beam to support a moment at A and B has been removed.
• Fixed support at A is substituted by a hinge and at B by roller.
• MA is assumed to act clockwise and MB is acting counterclock wise.

2 k/ft

AR1=MA AR2=MB
A B
10 ft 10 ft

Actual Beam

A B
Primary structure
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 03: Solution
1. Principle of Superposition

2 k/ft

A B Actual Beam
10 ft 10 ft

2 k/ft
Primary structure
A B acted upon by actual
θA θB loads

+
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 03: Solution
1. Principle of Superposition

Redundant MA is
MA
A B applied on primary
θ'AA=MAαAA structure
θʹBA=MAαBA

+
Redundant MB is
A B MB applied on primary
θ'AB=MBαAB θʹBB=MBαBB structure
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 03: Solution
2. Compatibility Equations
• Reference to point A and B, requires

0 = θ𝐴 + θʹ𝐴𝐴 + θʹ𝐴𝐵
0 = θ𝐵 + θʹ𝐵𝐴 + θʹ𝐵𝐵

  0   A  M A AA  M B AB (1)
  0   B  M A BA  M B BB (2)

• The required slopes and angular flexibility coefficients ( when a unit moment is
applied on the primary structure at the redundant location) can be determined
using the table on the inside front cover or from appendix given in this module,
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 03: Solution
2. Compatibility Equations

3wL3 3220  375

3
A   
128 EI 128 EI EI
7 wL3 7220 
3
291 .7
B   
384 EI 384 EI EI
ML 120  6.67
 AA   
3EI 3EI EI
ML 120  6.67
 BB   
3EI 3EI EI
ML 120  3.33
 AB   
6 EI 6 EI EI
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 03: Solution
2. Compatibility Equations
Substituting the data into Eqs. (1) and (2) yields

375  6.67   3.33 

0  M A   MB 
EI  EI   EI 
291.7  3.33   6.67 
0  M A   MB 
EI  EI   EI 
Cancelling EI and solving these equations simultaneously, we have

M A  45.8 k. ft M B  20.8 k. ft
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 03: Solution
3. Equilibrium Equations

• If this reaction is placed on free body diagram of the beam, the other reactions can
be obtained from the three equations of equilibrium.

16.25 k 2 k/ft 3.75 k

45.8 [Link] A B 20.8 [Link]

10 ft 10 ft
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 03: Solution
3. Equilibrium Equations

• Shear Force diagram

16.25 k 2 k/ft 3.75 k

45.8 [Link] A B 20.8 [Link]

10 ft 10 ft

V (k)
16.25

x (ft)
8.125
-3.75
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 03: Solution
3. Equilibrium Equations

• Shear Force diagram

16.25 k 2 k/ft 3.75 k

45.8 [Link] A B 20.8 [Link]

10 ft 10 ft

20.2

M ([Link]) 3.63 14.4 20

x (ft)
8.125

-20.8
45.8
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
Example 04: Determine the reactions at the supports for the beam
shown. EI is constant.

500 lb
120 lb/ft

A C
B

12 ft 5 ft 5 ft
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 04: Solution

120 lb/ft 500 lb

A C
B

12 ft 5 ft 5 ft

Number of unknown support reactions =3

Equations of equilibrium available =2
Degree of indeterminacy = 10

So we need one more equation for solution

 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 04: Solution
1. Principle of Superposition

• We will choose the internal moment at support B as the redundant.

• Beam is cut open and end pins or internal hinge are placed at B to release only the
capacity of beam to resist moment at this point.

120 lb/ft 500 lb

A C Actual Beam
AR B

A C Primary structure
B
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 04: Solution
1. Principle of Superposition
120 lb/ft 500 lb

A C
B Actual Beam

12 ft 5 ft 5 ft
=
MBαʹBB MBαʹʹBB
θʹB θʹʹB
500 lb
120 lb/ft

+
A B A MB B MB
C C
Primary structure acted upon by actual loads Redundant MB Applied on PS
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 04: Solution
2. Compatibility Equations
• The relative rotation of one end of one beam with respect to the end of other beam
to be zero, that is

   B  M B BB  0
• where
B   '
B
''
B

 BB   BB
'
  BB
''

• The slopes and angular flexibility coefficients can be determined from the table on
inside front cover or from appendix given in this module.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 04: Solution
2. Compatibility Equations

• The slopes and angular flexibility coefficients ( when a unit value of redundant is
applied at redundant location) can be determined from the table on inside front
cover or from appendix given in this module.

wL3 12012  8640 lb. ft 2

3
θB 
'
 
24 EI 24 EI EI
PL2 50010 
2
3125 lb. ft 2
θB 
''
 
16 EI 16 EI EI
ML 112 4 ft
 '
BB   
3EI 3EI EI
ML 110 3.33 ft
 ''
BB   
3EI 3EI EI
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 04: Solution
2. Compatibility Equations
Thus  B  M B BB  0

But as we know that  B   B'   B''  BB   BB

'
  BB
''

Putting these values in the above equation we will get

8640 lb. ft 2 3125 lb. ft 2  4 ft 3.33 ft 

  MB  0
EI EI  EI EI 

M B  1604 lb. ft
The negative sign indicates that MB acts in opposite direction.
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 04: Solution
3. Equilibrium Equations

• If this reaction is placed on free body diagram of the beam, the other reactions can
be obtained from the three equations of equilibrium.

120 lb/ft 500 lb

1604 [Link] 1604 [Link]

5 ft 5 ft
12 ft 854 lb 854 lb 410 lb 410 lb
586 lb 1264 lb 89.6 lb
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 04: Solution
3. Equilibrium Equations

• Shear Force diagram

120 lb/ft 500 lb
1604 [Link] 1604 [Link]

5 ft 5 ft
12 ft 854 lb 854 lb 410 lb 410 lb
586 lb 1264 lb 89.6 lb

586 410

V (lb) 12ft 17ft 22ft

x (ft)
4.89ft -89.6

-854
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
 Force Method of Analysis/Method of Consistent Deformation
• Example 04: Solution
3. Equilibrium Equations

• Bending Moment diagram

120 lb/ft 500 lb

1604 [Link] 1604 [Link]

5 ft 5 ft
12 ft 854 lb 854 lb 410 lb 410 lb
586 lb 1264 lb 89.6 lb

1431
448
12ft 22ft
M ([Link])
x (ft)
4.89ft 17ft
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
Appendix
• Beam Slope and deflection formulas
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
Appendix
• Beam Slope and deflection formulas
 Analysis of Indeterminate Structures
Appendix
• Beam Slope and deflection formulas
 References

• Structural Analysis by R. C. Hibbeler

• Structure Analysis by Alexander chajes

• Online Civil Engineering blogs