Title:-Energy Scenario of India, Energy Security and
Energy Policy
Subject:- Energy Engineering
Name:- Neha Atul Narkhede
Roll No:- 15
Class:- BEME
Introduction
• Energy is the backbone of economic development and industrial growth of
any country.
• India is one of the fastest growing economies in the world, so its energy
demand is increasing rapidly.
• India uses both conventional sources (coal, oil, gas) and renewable sources
(solar, wind, hydro).
• Energy security and proper energy policy are important for sustainable
development.
• This presentation explains India’s current energy scenario, policies,
challenges, and future vision.
Current Energy Scenario of India
• India is the third largest producer and consumer of electricity in the world due to
its large population and expanding industrial sector.
• Coal remains the dominant source of electricity generation because it is relatively
affordable and widely available in India.
• Oil is mainly used in the transportation sector, and India imports a large portion of
its crude oil requirement.
• Natural gas is used in industries, fertilizers, and power generation as a cleaner fuel
compared to coal.
• Renewable energy capacity has increased significantly in recent years, especially
solar and wind power.
Growth of Renewable Energy
• India has made remarkable progress in renewable energy development over the
last decade due to strong government support and technological advancements.
• Solar energy has grown rapidly because the cost of solar panels has reduced and
large solar parks have been developed across the country.
• Wind energy projects are mainly concentrated in coastal and high wind speed
states such as Tamil Nadu and Gujarat.
• Hydropower contributes clean electricity and supports grid stability during peak
demand.
Types of Energy Contributions in India
• Coal contributes the largest share in electricity generation and plays a major role
in meeting base load demand.
• Oil is mainly used for transportation and is a critical fuel for economic activities.
• Natural gas provides cleaner energy for industries and power plants and helps
reduce emissions compared to coal.
• Renewable sources such as solar, wind, hydro, and biomass are increasing their
share in the total energy mix.
• Nuclear energy provides stable and low-carbon electricity and supports long-
term energy sustainability.
Increasing Power Demand
• India’s electricity demand is continuously increasing due to rapid population
growth and rising living standards.
• Industrial expansion and infrastructure development require large amounts of
power for smooth operation.
• Urbanization has increased electricity consumption in residential and
commercial buildings.
• Government schemes for rural electrification have expanded electricity access
to remote villages.
• Future technologies such as electric vehicles and digital infrastructure will
further increase power demand.
Key Challenges in India’s Energy Sector
• India depends heavily on imported crude oil, which makes the economy
vulnerable to global price fluctuations.
• Coal-based power plants cause environmental pollution and contribute to
greenhouse gas emissions.
• Transmission and distribution losses reduce overall efficiency of the power
sector.
• Financial problems faced by DISCOMs affect the stability of the electricity
supply system.
• Large investments are required to expand renewable energy infrastructure
and modernize the grid.
What is Energy Security
• Energy security means ensuring reliable, affordable, and uninterrupted supply
of energy to all sectors of the economy.
• It focuses on reducing dependence on imported fuels and increasing
domestic energy production.
• Energy security also includes maintaining strategic reserves to handle
emergencies or global crises.
• A secure energy system supports economic stability and national
development.
Importance of Energy Security for India
• India imports a large share of its crude oil, which creates economic risks during
international conflicts or supply disruptions.
• A secure energy supply ensures continuous industrial production and economic
growth.
• Energy security helps maintain stable electricity prices and protects consumers
from sudden price shocks.
• It strengthens national independence by reducing reliance on foreign energy
sources.
• Strong energy security policies promote sustainable development and
environmental protection.
Strategies to Improve Energy Security
• Increasing renewable energy capacity such as solar, wind, hydro, and biomass to
reduce dependence on imported fossil fuels and ensure long-term sustainability.
• Developing and maintaining strategic petroleum reserves to manage supply
disruptions during international crises or price shocks.
• Encouraging the adoption of electric vehicles and green hydrogen as clean
alternative fuels to reduce oil dependency in the transport sector.
• Promoting decentralized energy generation such as rooftop solar panels to
increase local energy independence.
• Investing in research and development of advance energy storage systems to
manage renewable energy and ensure continuous power supply.
India’s Net-Zero Vision
• Net-zero means balancing greenhouse gas emissions with removal or
offsetting measures.
• India aims to achieve 500 GW of non-fossil fuel energy capacity by 2030.
• The country plans to reduce carbon intensity of its economy significantly
by promoting clean technologies.
• Green hydrogen and renewable energy expansion are key components of
India’s net-zero strategy.
Major Energy Policies in India
• The International Solar Alliance was launched to promote global cooperation in
solar energy development.
• The National Solar Mission aims to increase solar power capacity across the
country.
• The UDAY scheme was introduced to improve the financial condition of electricity
distribution companies.
• The PM-KUSUM scheme promotes installation of solar pumps for farmers and
supports rural development.
• The Green Hydrogen Mission focuses on developing clean hydrogen as a future
fuel.
Future Outlook of India’s Energy Sector
• Renewable energy capacity is expected to grow rapidly in the coming years due to
policy support and technological advancement.
• Electric vehicles and battery storage systems will play an important role in
reducing fossil fuel consumption.
• Smart grids and digital technologies will improve efficiency and reliability of
power distribution.
• Green hydrogen and sustainable fuels will support industrial decarbonization.
• India aims to achieve a balanced energy mix that ensures security, sustainability,
and affordability.
Conclusion
• India’s energy demand is increasing due to rapid economic growth and
population expansion.
• Renewable energy development is essential for reducing pollution and ensuring
sustainable growth.
• Energy security is crucial for national stability and long-term economic
development.
• Government policies and initiatives are supporting India’s clean energy transition.
• India’s net-zero vision reflects its commitment toward a sustainable and secure
energy future.