Object Oriented Programming with Java (BCS-403)
TOPIC-WISE TREND ANALYSIS ALL 5 UNITS
(Last 2 Years)
UNIT-01
Topic-01 – JVM, JRE & BYTECODE (TOP PRIORITY – EVERY YEAR)
Asked in:
• 2023–24, 2024–25
Questions:
• “Describe JVM and byte code in Java Architecture.”
→ 2023–24 | Section A | 2 Marks | Theory
• “Explain the concept of Java Virtual Machine and Java Runtime Environment.”
→ 2024–25 | Section C | 7 Marks | Theory (Diagram possible)
Conclusion:
MOST REPEATED UNIT–I QUESTION (Guaranteed)
Asked in both 2 marks + 7 marks
Diagram (Java Architecture) can be added in long answer
Topic-02 – PLATFORM INDEPENDENCE (HIGH PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “Why is Java platform-independent?”
→ 2024–25 | Section A | 2 Marks | Conceptual
Conclusion:
Direct short question
Strongly linked with JVM & Bytecode
Frequently asked concept in Unit–1
Topic-03 – DATA TYPES & CONTROL STRUCTURES (HIGH PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “Discuss the different data types and control structures in Java with examples.”
→ 2024–25 | Section B | 7 Marks | Theory + Examples
Conclusion:
PURE UNIT–1 LONG QUESTION
Example-based answer required
No diagram needed
Topic-04 – CLASSES & OBJECTS (HIGH PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
Questions:
• “Define the concept of classes and objects in Java with a suitable example.”
→ 2023–24 | Section A | 2 Marks | Theory + Example
Conclusion:
Basic OOP foundation question
Mostly asked in 2 marks, but can expand to 7 marks
Topic-05 – CONSTRUCTORS (MODERATE PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “What is the role of a constructor in a Java class?”
→ 2024–25 | Section A | 2 Marks | Theory
• “Illustrate Constructors and their applications in Java. Describe the types of
constructors used in Java. Write a class with the name Student…”
→ 2023–24 | Section C | 7 Marks | Program + Theory (Mixed with OOP)
Conclusion:
Asked in both short + long format
Often includes program writing
Sometimes mixed with Unit–2 (OOP concepts)
Topic-06 – BASIC PROGRAMMING (STRING / INPUT) (LOW–MODERATE
PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “Write a Java program to take user input and display the reverse of a string.”
→ 2024–25 | Section C | 7 Marks | Program
Conclusion:
Programming-based question
Simple logic (string + input)
Not always repeated
UNIT-02
Topic-01 – ABSTRACTION & ABSTRACT CLASSES (TOP PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
Questions:
• “Explain abstraction and abstract classes in Java. Describe abstract method. With a suitable example
demonstrate the application of abstract classes.”
→ 2023–24 | Section B | 7 Marks | Theory + Example
Conclusion:
Core OOP concept
Mostly asked as long question (7 marks)
Example-based explanation required
Topic-02 – POLYMORPHISM (VERY HIGH WEIGHT)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
Questions:
• “Illustrate polymorphism and its types in Java. Differentiate between run-time and compile-time
polymorphism. Write super class Shape with method displayArea() and sub class Rectangle. Demonstrate
method overriding with this example.”
→ 2023–24 | Section C | 7 Marks | Theory + Program
Conclusion:
VERY IMPORTANT OOP QUESTION
Comes with theory + program (overriding)
Covers multiple subtopics in one question
Topic-03 – INTERFACES (HIGH PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
Questions:
• “Explain Interfaces in Java with suitable examples.”
→ 2023–24 | Section A | 2 Marks | Theory + Example
Conclusion:
Basic conceptual question
Can be extended to long answer
Often linked with abstraction
Topic–04 – FUNCTIONAL INTERFACES & LAMBDA EXPRESSIONS (VERY
HIGH WEIGHT)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “Explain the functional interfaces in Java. Describe lambda expressions with the help of functional
interfaces.”
→ 2023–24 | Section B | 7 Marks | Theory + Example
• “What is a functional interface? Give an example.”
→ 2024–25 | Section A | 2 Marks | Conceptual
• “What are functional interfaces and how are they implemented using lambda expressions?”
→ 2024–25 | Section C | 7 Marks | Theory
Conclusion:
MOST REPEATED UNIT–02 TOPIC
Asked in both 2 marks + 7 marks
Strong focus on lambda expressions
Topic–05 – CONSTRUCTORS (OVERLAP WITH UNIT–01, BUT USED IN OOP)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “What is the role of a constructor in a Java class?”
→ 2024–25 | Section A | 2 Marks
• “Illustrate Constructors and their applications in Java…”
→ 2023–24 | Section C | 7 Marks | Program + Theory
Conclusion:
Used as OOP foundation
Frequently combined with class/object questions
Topic-06 – SEALED CLASSES (Medium Priority)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
Questions:
• “Explain the concept of Sealed classes in Java with suitable example.”
→ 2023–24 | Section A | 2 Marks | Theory
Conclusion:
New Java feature
Low frequency but possible
UNIT-03
Topic–01 – EXCEPTION HANDLING (TOP PRIORITY – EVERY YEAR)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “Describe all the keywords used for exception handling in Java.”
→ 2023–24 | Section A | 2 Marks | Theory
• “Differentiate between checked and unchecked exceptions in Java. Write a Java program to
demonstrate Arithmetic Exception handlings.”
→ 2023–24 | Section C | 7 Marks | Theory + Program
• “What is the purpose of the finally block in Java exception handling?”
→ 2024–25 | Section A | 2 Marks | Conceptual
• “How is throw different from throws?”
→ 2024–25 | Section A | 2 Marks | Conceptual
• “Write a Java program to handle multiple exceptions using try-catch-finally.”
→ 2024–25 | Section C | 7 Marks | Program
Conclusion:
MOST REPEATED UNIT–03 TOPIC (100% coverage)
Asked in 2 marks + 7 marks + program
Includes:
● Keywords (try, catch, throw, throws, finally)
● Types of exceptions
● Program-based handling
Topic-02 – MULTITHREADING (VERY HIGH WEIGHT)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “Describe various states achieved by the thread in its life cycle.”
→ 2023–24 | Section A | 2 Marks | Theory
• “Describe the ways to create the threads in Java with suitable code. Also explain which method is more
suitable to create threads.”
→ 2023–24 | Section B | 7 Marks | Theory + Code
• “Explain the concept of multithreading. Write a program to implement two threads printing numbers
alternatively.”
→ 2024–25 | Section B | 7 Marks | Theory + Program
• “Write a Java program that creates two threads – one to print even numbers and the other for odd
numbers.”
→ 2024–25 | Section C | 7 Marks | Program
Conclusion:
VERY IMPORTANT (appears both years)
Mostly asked as program-based 7 marks
Key areas:
● Thread creation methods
● Lifecycle
● Practical implementation
Topic-03 – THREAD METHODS & SYNCHRONIZATION (MODERATE
PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
Questions:
• “Differentiate between with suitable examples: wait() and notify()”
→ 2023–24 | Section C | 7 Marks (part question) | Theory
Conclusion:
Concept-based question
Often asked as part of mixed question
Related to synchronization
Topic–04 – BASIC EXCEPTION CONCEPTS (LOW–MODERATE PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “What is the purpose of the finally block in Java exception handling?”
→ 2024–25 | Section A | 2 Marks
• “How is throw different from throws?”
→ 2024–25 | Section A | 2 Marks
Conclusion:
Short conceptual questions
Frequently appear in Section A
UNIT-04
Topic–01 – COLLECTION FRAMEWORK HIERARCHY (TOP PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “Describe Collections framework in Java with a suitable diagram displaying interfaces and classes and
their hierarchy. Also explain the List, Set and Queue interfaces.”
→ 2023–24 | Section B | 7 Marks | Theory + Diagram
• “Discuss the hierarchy of the Collection framework in Java. Differentiate between List, Set, and Map.”
→ 2024–25 | Section C | 7 Marks | Theory + Comparison
Conclusion:
MOST IMPORTANT TOPIC (asked both years)
Diagram-based question (very important)
Covers:
● Interfaces (List, Set, Queue, Map)
● Hierarchy structure
Topic–02 – ARRAYLIST & LINKEDLIST (VERY HIGH PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “Write a Java program to create an ArrayList with five items and display all the elements using forEach
method.”
→ 2023–24 | Section A | 2 Marks (Program-based)
• “Compare and contrast ArrayList and LinkedList in terms of performance and usage.”
→ 2024–25 | Section B | 7 Marks | Theory
• “Describe Linked List in Java collection framework. With suitable example describe any five methods
available in Linked Lists.”
→ 2023–24 | Section C | 7 Marks | Theory + Example
Conclusion:
VERY FREQUENT TOPIC
Asked as:
● Program (ArrayList)
● Theory + comparison (ArrayList vs LinkedList)
Must prepare methods + differences
Topic–03 – HASHMAP (HIGH PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “Describe HashMap in Java collection framework. With suitable example describe any five methods
available in HashMaps.”
→ 2023–24 | Section C | 7 Marks | Theory + Example
• “Write a program to demonstrate the use of HashMap and iterate through keys and values.”
→ 2024–25 | Section C | 7 Marks | Program
Conclusion:
IMPORTANT MAP-BASED QUESTION
Comes as theory + program
Focus on:
● Key-value concept
● Iteration methods
Topic–04 – LIST, SET, MAP DIFFERENCE (HIGH PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “Differentiate between List, Set, and Map.”
→ 2024–25 | Section C | 7 Marks (part of hierarchy question)
Conclusion:
Frequently asked along with hierarchy
Comparison-based answer (table preferred)
Topic–05 – STACK & QUEUE (LOW–MODERATE PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “How does Stack differ from Queue?”
→ 2024–25 | Section A | 2 Marks | Conceptual
Conclusion:
Short conceptual question
Basic DS understanding required
UNIT-05
Topic–01 – STREAM API (TOP PRIORITY – BOTH YEARS)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “Explain Java stream API and its applications. Describe Intermediate and terminal operations with
suitable examples. Write a program to print the sum of all even numbers from an ArrayList containing
all integers from 1 to 10.”
→ 2023–24 | Section C | 7 Marks | Theory + Program
• “What is the Stream API in Java? How does it help in functional-style operations?”
→ 2024–25 | Section B | 7 Marks | Theory
Conclusion:
MOST IMPORTANT UNIT–05 TOPIC
Asked in both years (100%)
Focus on:
● Intermediate vs Terminal operations
● Functional programming style
● Program using streams
Topic–02 – SPRING BOOT (VERY HIGH PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “Describe following: Spring boot framework and its benefits”
→ 2023–24 | Section C | 7 Marks (part question) | Theory
• “What is Spring Boot? How is it different from the traditional Spring framework?”
→ 2024–25 | Section B | 7 Marks | Theory
• “Describe the structure of a basic Spring Boot application. What are the advantages of using Spring
Boot over traditional web frameworks?”
→ 2024–25 | Section C | 7 Marks | Theory
Conclusion:
VERY FREQUENT THEORY QUESTION
Focus areas:
● Definition
● Advantages
● Comparison with Spring
● Application structure
Topic–03 – DEPENDENCY INJECTION (SPRING CORE) (HIGH PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2023–24
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “Explain the difference between Dependency Injection (DI) and Inversion of Control (IoC) in Spring.”
→ 2023–24 | Section B | 7 Marks | Theory
• “Explain the concept of Dependency Injection and its types in Spring. Develop a simple API in Spring
Boot to perform CRUD operations using a list as storage.”
→ 2024–25 | Section C | 7 Marks | Theory + Application (Mixed)
Conclusion:
IMPORTANT CONCEPTUAL QUESTION
Often mixed with Spring Boot / API questions
Focus on:
● DI types
● IoC vs DI
Topic–04 – REST API / WEB SERVICES (MODERATE PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “Explain the concept of Dependency Injection and its types in Spring. Develop a simple API in Spring
Boot to perform CRUD operations using a list as storage.”
→ 2024–25 | Section C | 7 Marks (mixed question)
Conclusion:
Appears as part of mixed question
Focus on:
● Basic REST concepts
● CRUD operations
Topic–05 – GET vs POST (LOW PRIORITY)
Asked in:
• 2024–25
Questions:
• “What is a GET vs POST request?”
→ 2024–25 | Section A | 2 Marks | Conceptual
Conclusion:
Short conceptual question
Basic web knowledge required
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