LESSON 6

READING SKILL

MULTIPLE CHOICE ( 2/5 OPTIONS )

1. Đọc câu hỏi trước

→ Gạch chân keywords.
2. Đọc 5 đáp án
→ Gạch keywords + đoán paraphrase.
3. Scan đoạn chứa thông tin
→ Tìm từ đồng nghĩa/paraphrase trong bài.
4. Loại đáp án sai
 Không được nhắc tới
 Sai meaning
 Mentioned but not answering the question
 Quá cực đoan (always, completely, all...)
5. Chọn 2 đáp án có evidence rõ nhất
→ Phải tìm được câu/paraphrase chứng minh trong passage.

VOCABULARY PRACTICE – WILDLIFE & CONSERVATION

Exercise 1: Matching Definitions

Match the words/phrases with their correct meanings.

Words/Phrases Definitions
1. wildlife A. a dangerous situation or possibility
2. supplement B. to cure or improve an illness
3. treat C. animals and plants living in nature
4. threat D. to experience something unpleasant
5. captive E. additional support or something added
6. suffer from F. kept in a cage or prison
7. conservation G. a plan or new idea to solve a problem
8. extinct H. protection of nature and animals
9. initiative I. no longer existing
10. documentary J. a factual film giving information

Exercise 2: Fill in the Gaps

varied – bully – starvation – colossal – undertake – ongoing – conscious – bolster – specimen – reintroduce

1. Many wild animals die because of __________ during long droughts.

2. The zoo has a __________ collection of animals from different continents.
3. Scientists hope to __________ rare species back into the wild.
4. Students should be more environmentally __________.
5. Some stronger animals may __________ weaker ones in captivity.
6. The government plans to __________ several conservation projects next year.
7. Climate change is an __________ global issue.
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 8. The museum displayed a dinosaur __________ to visitors.
9. International organizations are working to __________ wildlife protection laws.
10. Saving endangered species requires a __________ amount of money and effort.

Reading passage 2 ( Extracted from C14T4)

Why zoos are good ?

Scientist David Hone makes the case for zoos
A
In my view, it is perfectly possible for many species of animals living in zoos or wildlife parks to have a
quality of life as high as, or higher than, in the wild. Animals in good zoos get a varied and high-quality
diet with all the supplements required, and any illnesses they might have will be treated. Their movement
might be somewhat restricted, but they have a safe environment in which to live, and they are spared
bullying and social ostracism by others of their kind. They do not suffer from the threat or stress of
predators, or the irritation and pain of parasites or injuries. The average captive animal will have a greater
life expectancy compared with its wild counterpart, and will not die of drought, of starvation or in the
jaws of a predator. A lot of very nasty things happen to truly ‘wild’ animals that simply don’t happen in
good zoos, and to view a life that is ‘free’ as one that is automatically ‘good’ is, I think, an error.
Furthermore, zoos serve several key purposes.

B
Firstly, zoos aid conservation. Colossal numbers of species are becoming extinct across the world, and
many more are increasingly threatened and therefore risk extinction. Moreover, some of these collapses
have been sudden, dramatic and unexpected, or were simply discovered very late in the day. A species
protected in captivity can be bred up to provide a reservoir population against a population crash or
extinction in the wild. A good number of species only exist in captivity, with many of these living in
zoos. Still more only exist in the wild because they have been reintroduced from zoos, or have wild
populations that have been boosted by captive bred animals. Without these efforts there would be fewer
species alive today. Although reintroduction successes are few and far between, the numbers are
increasing, and the very fact that species have been saved or reintroduced as a result of captive breeding
proves the value of such initiatives.

C
Zoos also provide education. Many children and adults, especially those in cities, will never see a wild
animal beyond a fox or pigeon. While it is true that television documentaries are becoming ever more
detailed and impressive, and many natural history specimens are on display in museums, there really is
nothing to compare with seeing a living creature in the flesh, hearing it, smelling it, watching what it does
and having the time to absorb details. That alone will bring a greater understanding and perspective to
many, and hopefully give them a greater appreciation for wildlife, conservation efforts and how they can
contribute.

D
In addition to this, there is also the education that can take place in zoos through signs, talks and
presentations which directly communicate information to visitors about the animals they are seeing and
their place in the world. This was an area where zoos used to be lacking, but they are now increasingly
sophisticated in their communication and outreach work. Many zoos also work directly to educate
conservation workers in other countries, or send their animal keepers abroad to contribute their
knowledge and skills to those working in zoos and reserves, thereby helping to improve conditions and
reintroductions all over the world.

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E
Zoos also play a key role in research. If we are to save wild species and restore and repair ecosystems we
need to know about how key species live, act and react. Being able to undertake research on animals in
zoos where there is less risk and fewer variables means real changes can be effected on wild populations.
Finding out about, for example, the oestrus cycle of an animal of its breeding rate helps us manage wild
populations. Procedures such as capturing and moving at-risk or dangerous individuals are bolstered by
knowledge gained in zoos about doses for anaesthetics, and by experience in handling and transporting
animals. This can make a real difference to conservation efforts and to the reduction of human-animal
conflicts, and can provide a knowledge base for helping with the increasing threats of habitat destruction
and other problems.

F
In conclusion, considering the many ongoing global threats to the environment, it is hard for me to see
zoos as anything other than essential to the long-term survival of numerous species. They are vital not just
in terms of protecting animals, but as a means of learning about them to aid those still in the wild, as well
as educating and informing the general population about these animals and their world so that they can
assist or at least accept the need to be more environmentally conscious. Without them, the world would
be, and would increasingly become, a much poorer place.

Questions 14-17
Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.

14 a reference to how quickly animal species can die out

15 reasons why it is preferable to study animals in captivity rather than in the wild
16 mention of two ways of learning about animals other than visiting them in zoos
17 reasons why animals in zoos may by healthier than those in the wild

Questions 18-22
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 18-22 on you answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

18 An animal is likely to live longer in a zoo than in the wild

19 There are some species in zoos which can no longer be found in the wild.

20 Improvements in the quality of TV wildlife documentaries have resulted in increased numbers of zoo

visitors.

21 Zoos have always excelled at transmitting information about animals to the public.

22 Studying animals in zoos is less stressful for the animals than studying them in the wild.

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Questions 23 and 24
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
Write the correct letters in boxes 23 and 24 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO of the following are stated about zoo staff in the text?

A Some take part in television documentaries about animals

B Some travel to overseas locations to join teams in zoos.
C Some get experience with species in the wild before taking up zoo jobs.
D Some teach people who are involved with conservation projects.
E Some specialise in caring for species which are under threat.

Questions 25 and 26

Choose TWO letters, A-E

Write the correct letters in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO of these beliefs about zoos does the writer mention in the text?

A They can help children overcome their fears of wild animals.

B They can increase public awareness of environmental issues.
C They can provide employment for a range of professional people.
D They can generate income to support wildlife conservation projects.
E They can raise animals which can later be released into the wild.

VOCABULARY PRACTICE – AUTOMATION & SELF-DRIVING CARS

Exercise 1: Matching Definitions

Match the words/phrases with their correct meanings.

Words/Phrases Definitions
1. automation A. a crash involving vehicles on the road
2. reliability B. the ability to move freely
3. road collision C. technology that allows machines to work automatically
4. human error D. legally responsible for something
5. mobility E. a mistake made by people
6. viable F. strong and effective
7. liability G. able to work successfully
8. telepresence H. being present somewhere through technology
9. robust I. the quality of being dependable
10. trial J. a test carried out in real situations

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Exercise 2: Fill in the Gaps

self-driving – contributory factor – urban area – boost production – virtual reality – gather pace –
vehicle ownership – specialised vehicle – targeted research – travel autonomy

1. Engineers are developing __________ cars to reduce accidents.

2. Air pollution is a major problem in many __________.
3. Rising fuel prices may reduce private __________.
4. Scientists carried out __________ into road safety technology.
5. Automation can help companies __________ more efficiently.
6. New developments in AI continue to __________ worldwide.
7. The company designed a __________ for medical emergencies.
8. Human error is often a __________ in traffic accidents.
9. Elderly people value __________ because it allows them to travel independently.
10. Gamers now use __________ for a more realistic experience.

Exercise 3: Closest Meaning

Choose the word closest in meaning to the underlined word.

1. The automotive industry is changing rapidly because of automation.

A. transportation B. mechanization C. education D. pollution
2. Self-driving cars must be highly reliable.
A. expensive B. modern C. dependable D. dangerous
3. Technology is beginning to gather pace in the transport sector.
A. slow down B. develop quickly C. disappear D. fail completely
4. Human error is a major contributory factor in road accidents.
A. solution B. result C. supporting cause D. punishment
5. Car-sharing may become a viable solution in crowded cities.
A. impossible B. practical C. expensive D. temporary
6. The company is conducting a trial of autonomous buses.
A. test B. sale C. repair D. argument
7. The system is designed to be robust in difficult conditions.
A. weak B. flexible C. strong D. limited
8. Advances in telepresence allow people to attend meetings remotely.
A. transportation B. remote presence C. entertainment D. communication barrier

READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.

Driverless cars
A
The automotive sector is well used to adapting to automation in manufacturing. The implementation of
robotic car manufacture from the 1970s onwards led to significant cost savings and improvements in the
reliability and flexibility of vehicle mass production. A new challenge to vehicle production is now on the
horizon and, again, it comes from automation. However, this time it is not to do with the manufacturing
process, but with the vehicles [Link] practice tests

Research projects on vehicle automation are not new. Vehicles with limited self-driving capabilities have
been around for more than 50 years, resulting in significant contributions towards driver assistance

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systems. But since Google announced in 2010 that it had been trialling self-driving cars on the streets of
California, progress in this field has quickly gathered pace.

B
There are many reasons why technology is advancing so fast. One frequently cited motive is safety;
indeed, research at the UK’s Transport Research Laboratory has demonstrated that more than 90 percent
of road collisions involve human error as a contributory factor, and it is the primary cause in the vast
majority. Automation may help to reduce the incidence of this.

Another aim is to free the time people spend driving for other purposes. If the vehicle can do some or all
of the driving, it may be possible to be productive, to socialise or simply to relax while automation
systems have responsibility for safe control of the vehicle. If the vehicle can do the driving, those who are
challenged by existing mobility models – such as older or disabled travellers – may be able to enjoy
significantly greater travel [Link] & Vehicles

C
Beyond these direct benefits, we can consider the wider implications for transport and society, and how
manufacturing processes might need to respond as a result. At present, the average car spends more than
90 percent of its life parked. Automation means that initiatives for car-sharing become much more viable,
particularly in urban areas with significant travel demand. If a significant proportion of the population
choose to use shared automated vehicles, mobility demand can be met by far fewer vehicles.

D
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology investigated automated mobility in Singapore, finding that
fewer than 30 percent of the vehicles currently used would be required if fully automated car sharing
could be implemented. If this is the case, it might mean that we need to manufacture far fewer vehicles to
meet demand. However, the number of trips being taken would probably increase, partly because empty
vehicles would have to be moved from one customer to the [Link] & Transportation

Modelling work by the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute suggests automated
vehicles might reduce vehicle ownership by 43 percent, but that vehicles’ average annual mileage double
as a result. As a consequence, each vehicle would be used more intensively, and might need replacing
sooner. This faster rate of turnover may mean that vehicle production will not necessarily decrease

E
Automation may prompt other changes in vehicle manufacture. If we move to a model where consumers
are tending not to own a single vehicle but to purchase access to a range of vehicle through a mobility
provider, drivers will have the freedom to select one that best suits their needs for a particular journey,
rather than making a compromise across all their requirements.

Since, for most of the time, most of the seats in most cars are unoccupied, this may boost production of a
smaller, more efficient range of vehicles that suit the needs of individuals. Specialised vehicles may then
be available for exceptional journeys, such as going on a family camping trip or helping a son or daughter
move to university.

F
There are a number of hurdles to overcome in delivering automated vehicles to our roads. These include
the technical difficulties in ensuring that the vehicle works reliably in the infinite range of traffic, weather
and road situations it might encounter; the regulatory challenges in understanding how liability and
enforcement might change when drivers are no longer essential for vehicle operation; and the societal
changes that may be required for communities to trust and accept automated vehicles as being a valuable
part of the mobility landscape.

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G
It’s clear that there are many challenges that need to be addressed but, through robust and targeted
research, these can most probably be conquered within the next 10 years. Mobility will change in such
potentially significant ways and in association with so many other technological developments, such as
telepresence and virtual reality, that it is hard to make concrete predictions about the future. However, one
thing is certain: change is coming, and the need to be flexible in response to this will be vital for those
involved in manufacturing the vehicles that will deliver future [Link] & Vehicles

Questions 14-18
Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.

Which section contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.

14 reference to the amount of time when a car is not in use

15 mention of several advantages of driverless vehicles for individual road-users

16 reference to the opportunity of choosing the most appropriate vehicle for each trip

17 an estimate of how long it will take to overcome a number of problemsReading practice tests

18 a suggestion that the use of driverless cars may have no effect on the number of vehicles

manufactured

Questions 19-22
Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 19-22 on your answer sheet.

The impact of driverless cars

Figures from the Transport Research Laboratory indicate that most motor accidents are partly due to
19……………………., so the introduction of driverless vehicles will result in greater safety. In addition
to the direct benefits of automation, it may bring other advantages. For example, schemes for
20………………………. will be more workable, especially in towns and cities, resulting in fewer cars on
the [Link] & Literature

According to the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, there could be a 43 percent
drop in 21…………………….. of cars. However, this would mean that the yearly
22…………………….. of each car would, on average, be twice as high as it currently is. this would lead
to a higher turnover of vehicles, and therefore no reduction in automotive manufacturing.

Questions 23 and 24
Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Write the correct letters in boxes 23 and 24 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO benefits of automated vehicles does the writer mention?
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A Car travellers could enjoy considerable cost savings.
B It would be easier to find parking spaces in urban [Link] & Transportation
C Travellers could spend journeys doing something other than driving.
D People who find driving physically difficult could travel independently.
E A reduction in the number of cars would mean a reduction in pollution.

Questions 25 and 26
Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Write the correct letters in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.

Which TWO challenges to automated vehicle development does the writer mention?

A making sure the general public has confidence in automated vehicles

B managing the pace of transition from conventional to automated vehiclesAutos & Vehicles
C deciding how to compensate professional drivers who become redundant
D setting up the infrastructure to make roads suitable for automated vehicles
E getting automated vehicles to adapt to various different driving conditions

LISTENING SKILL

SECTION 4

- Là 1 đoạn thuyết giảng về một chủ đề bất kì

- Không có nhịp nghỉ dài ở giữa bài nghe để học sinh có thời gian đọc câu hỏi
- Yêu cầu học sinh nắm được vốn từ học thuật thường được sử dụng trong các bài thuyết
giảng
- Một số nguồn nghe phù hợp để luyện section 4 : TED talks

Approach to IELTS listening part 4

1. Đọc đề và xác định số từ tối đa cho phép điền

2. Xác định keywords
3. Xác định loại từ cần điền
4. Lắng nghe thật kỹ nội dung bài ( cố gắng nghe được các thông tin trong audio được paraphrase
với keywords được xác định trước đó)
5. Kiểm tra lại đáp án và viết đáp án vào phiếu trả lời
6. Đọc đề và xác định số từ tối đa cho phép điền

VOCABULARY PRACTICE – CONSUMERISM & INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT

Exercise 1: Matching Definitions

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Match the words/phrases with their correct meanings.

Words/Phrases Definitions

1. indication A. a business selling many kinds of goods

2. era B. impossible to imagine
3. source of power C. a sign that something exists or may happen
4. replace D. a period in history
5. department store E. energy supply for machines or systems
6. visibility F. the act of moving goods to customers
7. distribution G. to take the place of something
8. convenience H. how easily something can be seen
9. necessity I. something that makes life easier
10. unimaginable J. something essential for life

Exercise 2: Fill in the Gaps

consumerism – trigger – available – large-scale – retailing – entrepreneur – textile – enormous –

efficient – dominate

1. The internet has helped online shopping __________ the global market.
2. Water and electricity are basic resources that should be __________ to everyone.
3. The rise of __________ encourages people to buy unnecessary products.
4. Steam engines made __________ factory production possible.
5. The businessman became a successful __________ at a young age.
6. The country developed a strong __________ industry during the nineteenth century.
7. Poor management can __________ an economic crisis.
8. Supermarkets rely on __________ systems to reduce costs and save time.
9. Shopping malls changed the way __________ businesses operated.
10. Building modern transport systems requires an __________ amount of money.

Exercise 3: Closest Meaning

1. There is clear indication that consumer habits are changing.

A. signal B. argument C. method D. request
2. The Industrial Revolution was an important era in human history.
A. invention B. period C. discovery D. region
3. Machines began to replace manual labor in factories.
A. support B. improve C. substitute D. encourage
4. Oil remained the main source of power for many industries.
A. energy supply B. problem C. invention D. workforce
5. Modern advertising improves brand visibility.
A. popularity B. appearance C. expense D. transport
6. Washing machines provide great convenience for families.
A. difficulty B. comfort C. danger D. pressure
7. Cars were once considered a necessity in rural areas.
A. luxury B. decoration C. essential need D. reward
8. Large online stores now dominate global retail markets.
A. weaken B. control C. damage D. ignore
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Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

HOW THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AFFECTED LIFE IN BRITAIN

( Cam 15 test 4 )

19th century

● For the first time, people’s possessions were used to measure Britain’s 31…………….. .

● Developments in production of goods and in 32……………… greatly changed lives.

MAIN AREAS OF CHANGE

Manufacturing

● The Industrial Revolution would not have happened without the new types of 33……………… that

were used then.

● The leading industry was 34………………. (its products became widely available).

● New 35…………….. made factories necessary and so more people moved into towns.

Transport

● The railways took the place of canals.

● Because of the new transport:

– greater access to 36………………. Made people more aware of what they could buy in shops.

– when shopping, people were not limited to buying 37……………… goods.

Retailing

● The first department stores were opened.

● The displays of goods were more visible:

– inside stores because of better 38………………. .

– outside stores, because 39……………… were bigger.

● 40………………. that was persuasive became much more common.

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 VOCABULARY PRACTICE – HISTORY, HYGIENE & INVENTIONS

EXERCISE 1: MATCHING DEFINITIONS

Match the words/phrases with their correct meanings.

Words/Phrases Definitions

1. excavation A. a tool used for scraping the body

2. inscription B. a layer formed over time
3. pumice C. a written message carved on stone or metal
4. scrape off D. a system carrying water
5. strigil E. a volcanic stone used for cleaning
6. deposit F. dirty and unhealthy conditions
7. aqueduct G. the process of digging up historical objects
8. outbreak H. to remove something by scraping
9. unsanitary I. a sudden spread of disease
10. patent J. to officially register an invention

Exercise 2: Fill in the Gaps

rinse off – cylinder – apparently – anoint – mild – substance – tint – advance – inexpensive –
reinforce

1. Please __________ the soap completely after washing your hands.

2. Archaeologists discovered a small stone __________ during the excavation.
3. The walls were painted with a light blue __________.
4. Olive oil was sometimes used to __________ athletes before competitions.
5. Scientists made an important __________ in water purification technology.
6. This cleaning product contains no harmful __________.
7. The medicine is __________ enough for young children.
8. The company developed an __________ method of producing soap.
9. __________, ancient people valued cleanliness more than historians once believed.
10. Governments should __________ public health systems after disease outbreaks.

Exercise 3: Closest Meaning- Choose the word closest in meaning to the underlined word.

1. Workers carefully removed the ash from the ancient fireplace.

A. smoke B. dust C. stone D. water
2. The museum displayed an ancient inscription on the wall.
A. painting B. symbol C. carved text D. photograph
3. Archaeologists found a strange substance inside the container.
A. material B. machine C. tool D. liquid
4. Soap greatly reduced the amount of filth in cities.
A. pollution B. dirt C. traffic D. disease
5. Ancient engineers built aqueducts to transport water more efficiently.
A. slowly B. effectively C. dangerously D. expensively

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 6. The king ordered craftsmen to guard the secret formula.
A. hide B. destroy C. protect D. reveal
7. The scientist was credited with discovering the new method.
A. blamed B. acknowledged C. ignored D. rewarded
8. Public baths became a basic necessity in some ancient societies.
A. decoration B. luxury C. essential D. entertainment

PART 4
Questions 31 – 40
Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each [Link] & Literature

Early history of keeping clean

Prehistoric times:
● water was used to wash off 31……………..

Ancient Babylon
● soap-like material found in 32…………… cylinders

Ancient Greece:
● people cleaned themselves with sand and other substances

● used a strigil – scraper made of 33………………

● washed clothes in streams

Ancient Germany and Gaul:
● used soap to colour their 34………………

Ancient Rome:
● animal fat, ashes and clay mixed through action of rain, used for washing clothes
● from about 312 BC, water carried to Roman 35……………… by aqueducts

Europe in Middle Ages:

● decline in bathing contributed to occurrence of 36……………….

● 37………………. began to be added to soap

Europe from 17th century:

● 1600s: cleanliness and bathing started becoming usual

● 1791: Leblanc invented a way of making soda ash from 38………………

● early 1800s: Chevreul turned soapmaking into a 39………………

● from 1800s, there was no longer a 40……………… on soap

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