Artificial Process

Đề 1 (*)

The picture describes how to produce carbonated drinks. Overall, the process comprises a number of
stages, beginning with filtering raw water, through various processing steps, and ending with
distributing drinkable water to supermarkets.
In stage 1: water cleaning, raw water from households successively passes through a filter and a
water softener, after which it is mixed with chemicals. In the next stage: heating evaporation and
carbonation, the mixture is then pumped into electric heaters before carbon dioxide is added,
creating carbonated water.
The process continues with stage 3 in which the carbonated water flows into a tank where it is
combined with colour, syrup, and flavour. This combination is subsequently filtered and filled into
bottles and cans, which are packaged in boxes. They are finally loaded onto trucks and transported
to supermarkets.
Đề 2

KL’s Version
The picture shows how carbonated beverages are produced. Overall, the process comprises a
number of stages, starting with cleaning raw water, through different mixing stages, and ending with
the finished products being distributed to supermarkets.
At the beginning of the process, raw water stored in large warehouses is pumped through a pipe into
a room to be filtered, after which water softener and some chemicals are added in order to purify the
water. Subsequently, it is pumped into a large chamber to be heated by means of electric heaters.
Once the water vaporizes, the steam has to go through a long pipe in order for it to condense before
entering a large tank where an influx of carbon dioxide constantly flows into the tank under high
pressure from another pipe to make carbonated water.
The process continues with the carbonated water being directed to a mixing tank, at which point
syrup and substances creating colours and flavours are added according to the desired types of
drinks. After this mixture is filtered to ensure that it is safe for consumption, it is pumped into
plastic bottles or aluminium cans. Finally, those bottles and cans are then packaged in large
cardboard boxes, which are then shipped to supermarkets by trucks.
Đề 3

The picture describes how to recycle plastics.

Overall, the process comprises a number of steps, beginning with plastics being used, and ending
with being dumped into/ discarded into/buried in landfills or reused in shops.
At the beginning of the process, customers buy different types of bottles made of plastics in shops
and use them. Subsequently, these bottles will go through 2 different directions. The first one is that
they are treated as waste, and then, released into landfills.
The second direction is that, after being used, the bottles are collected/gathered and transferred into
sorting houses. Once they are categorized, they are loaded on trucks and sent to /transported into
factories so that the plastics in them are extracted to make new products. Finally, these newly
produced products are distributed back to shops for selling.
Đề 4

The picture describes how to recycle bottles made of plastic.

Overall, the cyclical process comprises a number of steps, beginning with bottles being dumped into
trash cans and gathered, through different processing stages, and ending with material extracted
from these bottles being used to make new products.
At the beginning of the process, users discard unwanted plastic bottles into trash bins, after which
these bottles are collected by trucks and sent/transported to a recycling centre. In this place,
unsuitable bottles are removed, while recyclable ones are selected to be compressed into blocks.
This is followed by these blocks being crushed by a machine into separate pieces of metal, which
are subsequently cleaned in a tank of water that is right below the crushing machine.
The process continues with these cleaned pieces being released/transferred into another machine
that uses fire to turn them into plastic pellets. These pellets are then heated to form raw material,
which is packaged into large bags. Finally, the material in these containers is used to make end
products that re-enter the process.
Đề 5

The picture describes how to grow and prepare pineapples and products made from them. Overall,
this process comprises a number of steps, beginning with pineapples being planted, through
different processing stages, and ending with them being converted into packaged goods or exported.
At the beginning of the process, pineapples are planted/ spaced 26 cm apart to ensure healthy
growth in temperatures ranging from 23-30 degree Celsius under sunlight. After seven months, they
are coated with a chemical called Ethylene. Five months later, they are fully grown, reaching a
height of 30cm and a weight of 2 kg. This is followed by them being cleaned and then treated in
three different ways.
In the first two methods, the crown of a pineapple is cut and peeled, but the difference is that juice is
extracted from the pineapple in the former way, while, in the latter, the pineapple is sliced into
pieces and sealed tight in tin cans. Such a pineapple in the third method, however, remains intact
and is coated with wax, before being stored in crates for export/transporting abroad.
Đề 6

17-10
The picture describes how bricks are made/produced for the construction industry. Overall, this
linear process comprises several stages, beginning with the digging of clay, followed by various
treatment steps to produce bricks, and ending with their delivery.
At the beginning of the process, clay is excavated from the ground by a digger, after which it is
transported into a factory. For the clay to be treated more easily, large chunks of it go through a
metal grid to become smaller lumps which immediately fall onto a roller. This machine then moves
the sieved clay to a designated place in which it is mixed with sand and water. Next, this mixture
either is moulded or goes through a wire cutter to become raw bricks. They are subsequently dried
in an oven for 24-48 hours.
The process continues with the dried bricks being baked in a kiln at 200-980 degrees Centigrade,
and again in another one at higher temperatures: 870-1300 degrees Centigrade. To cool them down,
they are stored in a cooling chamber for 2-3 days. After this step, they are finished products and
packaged, ready for distribution by trucks.

KL’s Version
 Natural Process
Đề 1

KL’s Version
The diagram shows the reproduction process of frogs. Overall, there are various stages in the life of
a common frog, from mature frogs mating to produce frog spawn, to the growth of the immature
form, known as tadpoles, to mature frogs developing some time later.
At the beginning of the process, the mating of two adult frogs takes place on the bank of a river or
pond, after which frogspawn or eggs are laid in the water by the female. This is followed by the
frogspawn developing into tiny tadpoles, at which point they gradually develop their limbs, and
organs and change their body shape while living in the water.
The process continues with the tadpoles growing into young frogs, which still display the tail
section the tadpole. However, the tail is shorter than that of a tadpole. These young frogs continue to
inhabit in the water before they develop into mature ones and are able to live outside the water. It is
important to note that they lose their tails at this stage. Finally, the cycle begins again when two
fully-grown frogs, which are capable of reproducing, mate.
 How Something Works
Đề 1

KL’s Version
The diagram shows how to use a coin-operated photo booth.
Overall, following some simple procedures, customers can take a photo of themselves, but the photo
booth does not allow them to obtain their photo instantly because they have to wait for one minute
for it to come out.
Regarding the equipment of the booth, it is about the size of a normal phone booth, and there is a
slot on the left side for coins to be inserted. Under this part are two buttons: one to choose a large
photo and the other to choose 4 passport-sized ones. In addition, users can also opt for a black and
white photograph or a colored one, but it is recommended that pictures taken to apply for a passport
be colored. There is an adjustable stool inside the booth and a screen for them to adjust their eye
level. A mirror, which is above the screen, allows people to check their appearance and a light bulb
is positioned in front of this mirror.
Turning next to what customers need to do inside the phone booth, the curtain at the doorway must
be closed. After pulling a string above their head, they have 3 seconds to position their eye level and
a flash light appears only once to provide enough light for their photo. Finally, their photo, or
photos, can be collected after one minute on the tray outside of the phone booth on the left under the
buttons that they need to press to choose the color of their photo.
 Odd Questions
Đề 1

The picture shows how cutting tools in the Stone Age had developed, with tool A dating 1.4 million
years ago, and tool B 0.8 million years ago.
Overall, tool A was much more rudimental, with its edges being less defined, and therefore less
sharp, and tool B's surface was less rugged and it was larger and longer than its earlier counterpart.
Both improvements allowed humans to hold it more easily and enhanced its cutting functionality.
Tool A was about 9 cm long, which was approximately 2 cm shorter than tool B. The front and back
views of both tools reveal that the latter's surface was much smoother, and its pointy shape
resembled a waterdrop, making it easier to hold at the bigger end and more efficient in piercing
food.
The side view clearly indicates that the thickness of both tools was the same. However, the well-
defined line running from the top to bottom of the picture means tool B had become much sharper.
Đề 2

The pictures show how the horse has evolved over the course of 40 million years. Overall, the size
of the horse has increased significantly with the emergence of new features such as manes and
hooves.
Forty million years ago, the Eohippus, which was the first in its lineage, had a short neck and tail
and it had four similar-sized toes on each foot. Ten million years later, the Eohippus had evolved
into the Mesohippus, which was almost double its ancestor in terms of size, tail and neck length.
The foot structure of the later creature had also changed as it had only 3 toes, with the middle one
being bigger than the side ones.
About 15 million years ago, the Merychippus, which had evolved from the Mesohippus, had a
discernible mane and the tail was a bit thicker and longer than that of the Mesohippus. Its body size
and other features were similar to those of its closest ancestor, but the toes of the Mesohippus had
become much bigger, with the size of the middle one doubling that of the other phalanxes. Finally,
the present-day horse had become a bit taller and larger than the Merychippus. It had lost its side
toes and developed a large hoof. Its tail and mane are distinctively longer than those of its ancestors.