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007 Exploring The Packet Delivery Process

The document outlines the functions and examples of Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3 devices in networking, emphasizing the importance of physical media, MAC addresses, and IP addresses. It explains that ARP is used to map Layer 2 to Layer 3 addresses and highlights the necessity of a default gateway for communication between different segments. Additionally, it mentions host-based tools like ping and tracert for checking connectivity.

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3 views35 pages

007 Exploring The Packet Delivery Process

The document outlines the functions and examples of Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3 devices in networking, emphasizing the importance of physical media, MAC addresses, and IP addresses. It explains that ARP is used to map Layer 2 to Layer 3 addresses and highlights the necessity of a default gateway for communication between different segments. Additionally, it mentions host-based tools like ping and tracert for checking connectivity.

Uploaded by

meeramd9492
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Layer 1 Devices

 Layer 1 provides the physical media and its encoding.


 Examples:
– Ethernet
– Serial
– Repeater
– Physical interface of the NIC

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-1


Layer 2 Devices

 Layer 2 devices provide an interface with the physical media.


 Examples:
– NIC
– Bridge
– Switch

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-2


Layer 2 Addressing

 MAC address
 Assigned to end devices

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-3


Layer 3 Devices and Their Function

 The network layer provides connectivity and path selection


between two host systems.
 In the host, this is the path between the data link layer and the
upper layers of the NOS.
 In the router, it is the actual path across the network.

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-4


Layer 3 Addressing

 Each NOS has its own Layer 3 address format.


 OSI uses an NSAP.
 TCP/IP uses IP.

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-5


ARP

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-6


ARP Table

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-7


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (1 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-8


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (2 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-9


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (3 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-10


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (4 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-11


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (5 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-12


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (6 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-13


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (7 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-14


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (8 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-15


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (9 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-16


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (10 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-17


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (11 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-18


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (12 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-19


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (13 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-20


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (14 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-21


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (15 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-22


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (16 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-23


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (17 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-24


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (18 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-25


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (19 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-26


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (20 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-27


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (21 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-28


Host-to-Host Packet Delivery (22 of 22)

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-29


Default Gateway

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-30


Host-Based Tools: ping

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-31


Host-Based Tools: Table

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-33


Host-Based Tools: tracert

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-34


Summary

 Layer 1 provides the physical media and its encoding.


 Layer 2 devices provide an interface with the physical media.
 Layer 2 addresses are MAC addresses.
 The network layer provides connectivity and path selection
between two host systems.
 Layer 3 addresses are IP addresses.

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-36


Summary (Cont.)

 Before a host can send data to another host, it must have the
MAC address of that host.
 If the MAC address is not known, ARP is used to map Layer 2
to Layer 3.
 Reliable communication requires a TCP session.
 Data sent must be acknowledged.
 If hosts are on different segments, a default gateway is needed.
 Several host-based tools are available to check connectivity
between hosts:
– ping
– tracert
– arp

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-37

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