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? Boiling

The document explains the processes of boiling, evaporation, and condensation, highlighting their differences and examples. Boiling occurs at a fixed temperature throughout a liquid, evaporation happens slowly at the surface at any temperature, and condensation is the process of gas turning back into liquid when cooled. It also includes a mini mock test with multiple-choice and short-answer questions related to these concepts.

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hananstnt
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6 views10 pages

? Boiling

The document explains the processes of boiling, evaporation, and condensation, highlighting their differences and examples. Boiling occurs at a fixed temperature throughout a liquid, evaporation happens slowly at the surface at any temperature, and condensation is the process of gas turning back into liquid when cooled. It also includes a mini mock test with multiple-choice and short-answer questions related to these concepts.

Uploaded by

hananstnt
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

🔥 Boiling

 Boiling is when a liquid changes into a gas throughout the whole liquid.
 It happens at a fixed temperature called the boiling point.
 For water, the boiling point is 100°C (at sea level).
 Bubbles form inside the liquid and rise to the surface.
 It needs heat energy.

👉 Example: Water boiling in a kettle.

🌫️Evaporation
 Evaporation is when a liquid changes into a gas only at the surface.
 It can happen at any temperature (not just boiling point).
 It is slow compared to boiling.
 It happens faster when it is:
o hot 🌞
o windy 💨
o the surface area is large 🌊

👉 Example: Wet clothes drying on a line.

💧 Condensation
 Condensation is when a gas changes back into a liquid.
 It happens when gas is cooled down.
 Tiny drops of liquid form, often on cold surfaces.

👉 Example: Water droplets on a cold glass or mirror.

🔁 Simple Summary
 Boiling: liquid → gas (fast, whole liquid, fixed temperature)
 Evaporation: liquid → gas (slow, surface only, any temperature)
 Condensation: gas → liquid (cooling down)
🧪 Science Mini Mock Test

Topic: Changes of State (Boiling, Evaporation,


Condensation)
Total: 40 marks

✏️Section A: Multiple Choice (10 marks)


Circle the correct answer. (2 marks each)

1. What is evaporation?
A. Liquid changes to solid
B. Gas changes to liquid
C. Liquid changes to gas at the surface
D. Solid changes to gas

2. At what temperature does water boil (at sea level)?


A. 0°C
B. 50°C
C. 100°C
D. 150°C

3. Which statement about boiling is correct?


A. It only happens on the surface
B. It happens throughout the liquid
C. It does not need heat
D. It happens below 0°C

4. Condensation happens when a gas:


A. is heated
B. is cooled
C. is frozen
D. is boiled
5. Which situation shows evaporation?
A. Ice melting in the sun
B. Water boiling in a kettle
C. Wet clothes drying on a line
D. Steam turning into water drops

✏️Section B: Short Answer (14 marks)


6. Define evaporation. (2 marks)

7. State two differences between boiling and evaporation. (4 marks)

8. Give two factors that make evaporation faster. (2 marks)

9. What is condensation? (2 marks)

10. Give one everyday example of condensation. (2 marks)

11. Why do bubbles form during boiling? (2 marks)

🔬 Section C: Application Questions (16 marks)


12. Wet clothes dry faster on a windy, hot day than on a cold, still day.
Explain why. (4 marks)

13. A cold drink bottle is taken out of a fridge. After a while, water droplets form on the
outside.
Explain this using the idea of condensation. (4 marks)
14. A student heats water in a pan. The water boils and steam rises. The steam touches a
cold lid and turns back into water.
(a) Name the process when steam turns into water. (2 marks)
(b) Explain why this process happens. (4 marks)

🌟 Section D: Higher Thinking (Optional Challenge) (bonus 5


marks)
15. Explain why evaporation is important in the water cycle. (5 marks)

🧪 MARK SCHEME (Total: 40 marks + 5 bonus)

✏️Section A: Multiple Choice (10 marks)


1. C – Liquid changes to gas at the surface (1)
2. C – 100°C (1)
3. B – Happens throughout the liquid (1)
4. B – is cooled (1)
5. C – Wet clothes drying on a line (1)

✏️Section B: Short Answer (14 marks)


6. Define evaporation (2 marks)

 Liquid changes into gas / water vapour (1)


 Happens at the surface / below boiling point (1)

7. Two differences between boiling and evaporation (4 marks)


Award 1 mark each valid point (max 4):

 Boiling happens at a fixed temperature (100°C for water) (1)


 Evaporation happens at any temperature (1)
 Boiling happens throughout the liquid (1)
 Evaporation happens only at the surface (1)
 Boiling is fast (1)
 Evaporation is slow (1)

8. Two factors that speed up evaporation (2 marks)


Any two:

 Higher temperature / heat (1)


 Wind (1)
 Larger surface area (1)

(Max 2)

9. What is condensation? (2 marks)

 Gas changes into a liquid (1)


 When cooled / loses heat energy (1)

10. Example of condensation (2 marks)


Any correct example:

 Water droplets on a cold glass (1–2)


 Mirror fogging up (1–2)
 Droplets on a cold bottle (1–2)

(1 mark for idea, 2 marks for clear correct example)

11. Why bubbles form during boiling (2 marks)

 Water turns into gas (water vapour) inside liquid (1)


 Gas forms bubbles and rises to surface (1)

🔬 Section C: Application (16 marks)


12. Why clothes dry faster in hot, windy weather (4 marks)

 Heat increases evaporation (1)


 Wind removes water vapour from surface (1)
 More energy helps particles escape faster (1)
 Larger rate of evaporation → clothes dry faster (1)

13. Condensation on cold bottle (4 marks)

 Water vapour in air touches cold surface (1)


 Air cools down (1)
 Gas changes into liquid droplets (1)
 This is condensation (1)

14. Steam and cold lid (6 marks total)

(a) Name the process (2 marks)

 Condensation (2)

(b) Explanation (4 marks)

 Steam (water vapour) touches cold lid (1)


 It loses heat energy / cools down (1)
 Gas changes into liquid water droplets (1)
 This is condensation process (1)

🌟 Section D: Higher Thinking (5 bonus marks)


15. Importance of evaporation in water cycle (5 marks)
Award marks for:

 Sun heats water in seas/rivers (1)


 Water evaporates into water vapour (1)
 Water vapour rises into atmosphere (1)
 Forms clouds after cooling/condensation link (1)
 Helps complete water cycle / rainfall process (1)

(Max 5)
🧪 SCIENCE PRACTICE QUESTIONS (CONCLUSION SKILLS)

🌡️Experiment 1: Evaporation
A student tests how temperature affects evaporation.
They place equal amounts of water in two cups:

 Cup A: warm place


 Cup B: cold place

After 1 hour, Cup A has less water than Cup B.

✏️Question 1 (4 marks)

Write a conclusion explaining the results.

🌬️Experiment 2: Wind and Drying


Wet cloths are placed in two conditions:

 Place A: windy area


 Place B: still air

The cloth in Place A dries faster.

✏️Question 2 (4 marks)

Explain why the cloth in the windy area dried faster.

🌱 Experiment 3: Plant Growth


Two identical plants are grown:

 Plant A: sunlight
 Plant B: no sunlight
After 2 weeks, Plant A is taller.

✏️Question 3 (5 marks)

Write a full conclusion.

🧊 Experiment 4: Condensation
A cold bottle is left in a warm room. Water droplets form on the outside.

✏️Question 4 (4 marks)

Explain what is happening.

🪨 Experiment 5: Rock Weathering


Two rocks are placed in water:

 Rock A: shaken in water


 Rock B: left still

Rock A breaks faster.

✏️Question 5 (5 marks)

Explain the results using scientific ideas.


🧪 MARK SCHEME – CONCLUSION PRACTICE QUESTIONS

🌡️Question 1 (Evaporation & temperature) – 4 marks

Expected answer points (1 mark each):

 “The results show that the water in the warm place evaporated faster / had less water
left.” (1)
 “This is because higher temperature gives water particles more energy to escape.” (1)
 “This shows that evaporation increases when temperature increases.” (1)
 “Therefore, higher temperature increases the rate of evaporation.” (1)

✔ Accept synonyms:

 “faster evaporation” / “more evaporation”


 “particles gain energy”

🌬️Question 2 (Wind and drying clothes) – 4 marks

 “The cloth in the windy area dried faster.” (1)


 “This is because wind removes water vapour from the surface.” (1)
 “This means that evaporation happens more quickly in wind.” (1)
 “Therefore, wind increases the rate of evaporation.” (1)

✔ Accept:

 “air movement removes water vapour”


 “speeds up drying”

🌱 Question 3 (Plant growth & sunlight) – 5 marks

 “The results show that the plant in sunlight grew taller.” (1)
 “This is due to the plant using sunlight for photosynthesis.” (1)
 “The evidence shows that Plant A was taller than Plant B.” (1)
 “This suggests that plants need light to grow properly.” (1)
 “Therefore, sunlight increases plant growth.” (1)

✔ Accept:

 “photosynthesis makes food”


 “no light = less growth”

🧊 Question 4 (Condensation) – 4 marks


 “This happens because water vapour in the air touches a cold surface.” (1)
 “The results show that droplets formed on the outside of the bottle.” (1)
 “This means the water vapour cooled and turned into liquid.” (1)
 “Therefore, condensation occurs when gas cools into liquid.” (1)

✔ Accept:

 “gas → liquid change”


 “cooling causes condensation”

🪨 Question 5 (Weathering experiment) – 5 marks

 “The results show that Rock A broke faster than Rock B.” (1)
 “This is because shaking water increases weathering.” (1)
 “This can be seen in Rock A breaking into smaller pieces.” (1)
 “This suggests that movement of water increases weathering rate.” (1)
 “Therefore, erosion/physical movement speeds up rock breakdown.” (1)

✔ Accept:

 “more energy causes more breaking”


 “water movement increases erosion”

⭐ MARKING GUIDANCE (VERY IMPORTANT)

Full marks require:

✔ Result statement
✔ Scientific explanation
✔ Use of evidence
✔ Linking phrase (therefore / this shows that)

🚫 Common mistakes (no marks or low marks):

 Only describing results (e.g. “it got smaller”)


 No “because” explanation
 No science vocabulary
 Missing conclusion sentence

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