SNBP INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, RAHATANI
Science
CLASS – IV L-4 Rocks and Soils
I. Keywords:
1. minerals 7. lava
2. igneous 8. conglomerate
3. sedimentary 9. weathering
4. metamorphic 10. fossils
5. magma 11. quartzite
6. volcano 12. obsidian
II. Define:
1. Lava: Magma that reaches the surface of the earth is called lava.
2. Metamorphic rock: Rocks formed due to change in mineral content of igneous or
sedimentary rocks because of immense heat and pressure inside the earth is called
metamorphic rock.
3. Soil: The uppermost layer of earth which contains minerals, organic matter, little amount of
air, water and microorganisms is called soil.
III. Very Short Answer Questions:
Q1. What is magma?
Ans. The center of the earth consists of hot molten rock. This hot molten rock inside the earth is
called magma.
Q2. Name the different types of soil.
Ans. The different types of soil are:
i. Sandy soil
ii. Clayey soil
iii. Loamy soil
IV. Short Answer Questions:
Q1. What is weathering?
Ans. The breakdown of rocks into tiny pieces by the heat of the Sun, moving air and running
water is called weathering.
Q2. What are gemstones? Give two examples.
Ans. Some minerals are very hard and found in the form of crystals in the rock. They are cut and
polished into beautiful stones called gemstones or precious stones. For example- Diamond
and ruby.
Q3. For which purpose pebbles and gravel are used?
Ans. Pebbles and gravel are used for the following purposes:
i. Small and round rock pieces are called pebbles. Colourful pebbles are used in lawns and
gardens for decoration.
ii. Gravel is used for making road surfaces. It is also used in building and construction work.
V. Long Answer Questions:
Q1. How is soil formed?
Ans. Soil is made up of small rocks, humus and organic matter.
1
i. It is formed from rocks, which break into tiny pieces by the heat of the sun, moving air and
running water is called weathering.
ii. When it rains, water enters into the cracks of the rocks and remains there.
iii. In cold weather, it freezes, exerts pressure and breaks the big rocks into smaller rocks
iv. This repeated heating and cooling over thousands of years breaks the rocks into tiny pieces
v. These tiny pieces mix with organic matter and minerals and form soil. It is a continuous
process.
Q2. Discuss the different types of soil.
Ans. On the basis of the size of particles there are 3 types of soils:
Sandy soil Clayey soil Loamy soil
1. It mainly contains sand. 1. It mainly contains 1. It contains both
clay. sand and clay in
equal amounts.
2. It is found in deserts and 2. It is found in ponds 2. It can hold enough
seashores. and river beds. air and water.
3. It is light brown or yellow 3. It can hold a lot of
in colour. water as water does
4. It cannot hold much water not pass through its
as water passes through its particles easily.
particles easily.
5. It is mixed with cement 4. It is used for making 3. It is good for
and used for making pots, toys and kachcha growing plants as it
buildings. houses contains humus.
Q3. How are igneous rocks formed? Name the different types of igneous rocks.
Ans. The centre of the earth consists of hot molten rocks. This hot, molten rock inside the earth is
called Magma. When a volcano erupts, hot magma flows out into the surface of the earth. This
magma that reaches the surface of the earth is called Lava. This Lava cools down and later
solidifies to form igneous rocks.
The different types of igneous rocks are:
i. Basalt
ii. Granite
iii. Pumice
iv. Obsidian
VI. Picture talk:
2
Q1. Name the rock.
Ans. Sandstone
Q2. Is it an igneous or sedimentary rock?
Ans. Sedimentary rock.
Q3. How is this type of rock formed?
Ans. Small pieces of weathered rocks are carried down by rivers into seas.
They sink down and settle at the bottom to form layers. This is called sediment. The continuous
pressure on lower layers harden the sediments and form sedimentary rocks.
Q4. Give one use of it.
Ans. Sandstone is widely used for making buildings. For example, buildings of Delhi, Agra and
Rajasthan are made of sandstone.
VII. HW:
Q1. Complete the following table:
Metamorphic Rocks:
Type Colour Use
1. Marble
2. Slate
3. Gneiss
4. Quartzite