100 Intermediate Python Code Snippets

A practical reference guide for intermediate Python developers

1. Data Structures & Logic

Find the most frequent element in a list.

1 from collections import Counter
data = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4]
print(Counter(data).most_common(1)[0][0])

Merge two dictionaries (Python 3.9+).

2 d1 = {'a': 1}; d2 = {'b': 2}
print(d1 | d2)

Filter a list of strings for a specific substring.

3 names = ["Tauqeer", "Ahmed", "Ishaq"]
print([n for n in names if "ee" in n])

Check if two strings are anagrams.

4 s1, s2 = "listen", "silent"
print(sorted(s1) == sorted(s2))

Get a list of unique values while preserving order.

5 items = [1, 2, 2, 3, 1]
print(list([Link](items)))

Convert a list of tuples into a dictionary.

6 pairs = [('x', 1), ('y', 2)]
print(dict(pairs))

Find the intersection of two lists.

7 l1 = [1, 2, 3]; l2 = [2, 3, 4]
print(list(set(l1) & set(l2)))

Group a list into chunks of size N.

8
nums = range(10)
 print([list(nums[i:i+3]) for i in range(0, len(nums), 3)])

Reverse a dictionary (keys become values).

9 d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
print({v: k for k, v in [Link]()})

Find the difference between two lists.

10 l1 = [1, 2, 3]; l2 = [1, 2]
print(list(set(l1) - set(l2)))

Transpose a matrix.
11 m = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
print([list(i) for i in zip(*m)])

Check if a list is empty.

12 items = []
print(not items)

Remove whitespace from all strings in a list.

13 s = [" apple ", "orange "]
print([[Link]() for x in s])

Create a string from a list with a separator.

14 words = ["Python", "is", "cool"]
print(" ".join(words))

Get the size of an object in bytes.

15 import sys
print([Link]("Hello"))

2. Intermediate Automation & File I/O

List all files in a directory with a specific extension.

16 import glob
print([Link]("*.csv"))

Read a specific line from a file without loading the whole file.
17
import linecache
 print([Link]('[Link]', 5))

Check if a file exists.

18 import os
print([Link]('[Link]'))

Create a directory if it doesn't exist.

19 import os
[Link]('logs/daily', exist_ok=True)

Get the current timestamp in ISO format.

20 from datetime import datetime
print([Link]().isoformat())

Calculate the number of days between two dates.

21 from datetime import date
d0, d1 = date(2026, 1, 1), date(2026, 5, 15)
print((d1 - d0).days)

Parse a JSON string into a dictionary.

22 import json
print([Link]('{"id": 101}'))

Write a dictionary to a JSON file with indentation.

23 import json
with open('[Link]', 'w') as f:
[Link]({'status': 'ok'}, f, indent=2)

Zip two lists into a dictionary.

24 keys = ['name', 'age']; vals = ['Tauqeer', 28]
print(dict(zip(keys, vals)))

Flatten a nested list of lists.

25 nested = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]
print(sum(nested, []))

Generate a random string of fixed length.

26 import string, random
print(''.join([Link](string.ascii_letters, k=8)))

27 Measure time taken by a code block.

 import time
start = [Link]()
# code here
print(f"Elapsed: {[Link]() - start}")

Download an image from a URL.

28 import requests
r = [Link]("[Link]
with open('[Link]', 'wb') as f: [Link]([Link])

Get environment variables.

29 import os
print([Link]('USER', 'Guest'))

Convert CSV to JSON.

30 import pandas as pd
# pd.read_csv('[Link]').to_json('[Link]')

3. Functional & Advanced Python

Use map to convert a list of strings to integers.

31 s = ["1", "2", "3"]
print(list(map(int, s)))

Filter out None values from a list.

32 data = [1, None, 2, None]
print(list(filter(None, data)))

Use enumerate to get index and value.

33
for i, v in enumerate(['a', 'b']): print(i, v)

Use zip to iterate over two lists simultaneously.

34
for a, b in zip([1, 2], ['x', 'y']): print(a, b)

Create a simple class with dataclasses.

from dataclasses import dataclass
35 @dataclass
class User: id: int; name: str
print(User(1, "Tauqeer"))
 Use a lambda function to calculate the hypotenuse.
36 hyp = lambda a, b: (a**2 + b**2)**0.5
print(hyp(3, 4))

Implementation of a Simple Singleton.

class Singleton:
37 _instance = None
def __new__(cls):
if not cls._instance: cls._instance = super().__new__(cls)
return cls._instance

Run a shell command from Python.

38 import subprocess
[Link](["ls", "-l"])

Format numbers with commas.

39
print(f"{1000000:,}")

Get the name of the current function.

40 import inspect
print([Link]()[0][3])

Check if all elements in a list are true.

41
print(all([True, 1, "yes"]))

Check if any element in a list is true.

42
print(any([0, False, "truthy"]))

Use [Link] to avoid KeyErrors.

from collections import defaultdict
43 d = defaultdict(list)
d['new_key'].append(1)
print(d)

Sorting a list of strings by length.

44 words = ["python", "is", "awesome"]
print(sorted(words, key=len))

Create a simple CLI progress bar.

45 for i in range(11):
print(f"\rProgress: [{'#'*i}{'.'*(10-i)}]", end="")
import time; [Link](0.1)
4. Data Processing & APIs

Scrape all links from a webpage.

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
46 import requests
res = [Link]("[Link]
soup = BeautifulSoup([Link], '[Link]')
print([a['href'] for a in soup.find_all('a', href=True)])

Convert a pandas DataFrame to an Excel file.

47 import pandas as pd
df = [Link]({'A': [1, 2]})
# df.to_excel('[Link]')

Fetch a response from a REST API.

48 import requests
print([Link]('[Link]

Generate a QR Code.
49 # requires: pip install qrcode
import qrcode
[Link]("[Link]

Simple regex to find phone numbers.

50 import re
text = "Call me at 555-123-4567"
print([Link](r'\d{3}-\d{3}-\d{4}', text))

Get public IP address.

51 import requests
print([Link]('[Link]

Create a basic Flask Web App.

from flask import Flask
52 app = Flask(__name__)
@[Link]("/")
def home(): return "Hello World"
# [Link]()

Read environment variables from a .env file.

53 # requires: pip install python-dotenv
from dotenv import load_dotenv
 load_dotenv()

Calculate Euclidean distance between two points.

54 import math
print([Link]([0, 0], [3, 4]))

Merge multiple CSVs into one.

import pandas as pd
55 import glob
all_files = [Link]("*.csv")
df = [Link]((pd.read_csv(f) for f in all_files))

Send a notification to Discord via Webhook.

56 import requests
# [Link](webhook_url, json={"content": "Hello"})

Pretty print a dictionary.

57 from pprint import pprint
pprint({"a": 1, "b": {"c": 2, "d": 3}})

Base64 encode a string.

58 import base64
print(base64.b64encode(b"hello").decode())

Extract text from an image (OCR).

59 # requires: pytesseract
# from PIL import Image; import pytesseract
# print(pytesseract.image_to_string([Link]('[Link]')))

Get stock price using yfinance.

60 import yfinance as yf
print([Link]("AAPL").history(period="1d"))

5. Utility & Security

Password hashing with salt.

61 import hashlib
print(hashlib.sha256(b"password").hexdigest())
 Check if a number is prime.
62 is_prime = lambda n: all(n % i != 0 for i in range(2, int(n**0.5) + 1))
and n > 1
print(is_prime(17))

Find the factorial of a number.

63 import math
print([Link](5))

Get local computer hostname.

64 import socket
print([Link]())

Create a temporary file.

65 import tempfile
with [Link]() as tmp: print([Link])

Check memory usage of the current process.

66 import psutil, os
print([Link]([Link]()).memory_info().rss)

Find all indices of an item in a list.

67 data = [1, 2, 1, 3, 1]
print([i for i, x in enumerate(data) if x == 1])

Convert binary to integer.

68
print(int('1010', 2))

Convert integer to hex.

69
print(hex(255))

Remove HTML tags from a string.

70 import re
print([Link]('<[^<]+?>', '', '<b>Hello</b>'))

Create an infinite iterator.

from itertools import count
71 for i in count(10):
if i > 12: break
print(i)
 Find the most common character in a string.
72 s = "success"
print(max(s, key=[Link]))

Convert XML to Dictionary.

73 # requires: pip install xmltodict
# import xmltodict; [Link]('<root>...</root>')

Clear the terminal screen.

74 import os
[Link]('cls' if [Link] == 'nt' else 'clear')

Get current working directory.

75 import os
print([Link]())

6. Quick Logic Snippets

Check for leap year.

76 import calendar
[Link](2026)

Shuffle a list.
77 import random
l = [1, 2]
[Link](l)

Get random element.

78
[Link]([1, 2, 3])

Get file size.

79
[Link]('[Link]')

Capitalize first letter of every word.

80
"hello world".title()

Check if string is numeric.

81
"123".isnumeric()
 Rotate list by N.
82
l[n:] + l[:n]

Get execution path.

83
[Link]

Repeat string N times.

84
"A" * 10

Swap two variables.

85
a, b = b, a

Check for duplicates in list.

86
len(l) != len(set(l))

Count specific element.

87
[1,1,2].count(1)

Convert list of chars to string.

88
"".join(['a','b'])

Deep copy a list.

89 import copy
[Link](l)

Get current CPU count.

90
os.cpu_count()

Convert string to datetime.

91
[Link]("2026-05-15", "%Y-%m-%d")

Get weekday of a date.

92
[Link]().strftime("%A")

Round to 2 decimal places.

93
round(3.14159, 2)
 Check if key exists in Dict.
94
"key" in my_dict

Get values of a Dict.

95
my_dict.values()

Sort Dict by value.

96
dict(sorted([Link](), key=lambda x: x[1]))

Calculate percentage.
97
(part/total)*100

Get file extension.

98
[Link]('[Link]')[1]

Find GCD of two numbers.

99 import math
[Link](10, 20)

Wait for user input.

100
"Press Enter to exit"

| 100 Python Snippets | 2026