1
Complex Variables
Syllabus for Class Test 2
Limit, Continuity and Differentiability
1. Using the definition of limit show that
lim [ x i (2 x y )] 1 i where z x iy.
z 1i
2
z
2. If f ( z ) ; ( z 0), find lim f ( z ).
z z0
Re z
3. Find lim f ( z ), where f ( z ) ; z 0.
z0 z
2
4. Show that f ( z ) z is differentiable only at z 0.
5. Test the function
z2
f ( z) z , z 0
0, z0
for continuity and differentiability at z 0.
Cauchy-Riemann equations
1. Show that f (z ) satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann equations at the origin. Yet f ' (0) does
not exist, where
( z) 2
, z0
f ( z) z
0, z0
2. Show that Cauchy-Riemann equations for f (z ) are satisfied at z 0 but f (z ) is not
differentiable at z 0 , where
z3
, z0
f ( z) z
0, z 0.
3. Derive the Cauchy-Riemann equations. Also write the polar form of the Cauchy-Riemann
equations.
4. Prove that the following functions are harmonic:
(i) u ( x, y ) y 3 3x 2 y
(ii) u ( x, y ) 3x 2 y 2 x 2 y 3 2 y 2
(iii) u ( x, y ) e x ( x cos y y sin y )
(iv) u ( x, y ) x 2 y 2 2 xy 2 x 3 y
(v) u ( x, y ) e x ( x sin y y cos y )
Hence find a function v( x, y ) for each of the functions u ( x, y ) such that
f ( z ) u ( x, y ) i v( x, y ) is analytic. Also, express f (z ) as a function of z.
2
1
5. Show that u ( x, y ) log( x 2 y 2 ) is harmonic in some domain. Find a function v( x, y )
2
such that f ( z ) u iv is analytic in that domain and express f (z ) as a function of z.
y
6. Prove that u x 2 y 2 and v 2 are harmonic functions of x, y but are not
x y2
harmonic conjugate.
y
7. Show that u ( x, y ) 2 is a harmonic function. Find a function v( x, y ) such that
x y2
f ( z ) u iv is an analytic function. Then express f (z ) as a function of z.
x
8. Show that v( x, y ) x 2 y 2 2 is harmonic in some domain and find u ( x, y ) such
x y2
that f ( z ) u ( x, y ) iv( x, y ) is an analytic function. Also express f (z ) in terms of z.
9. Show that f ( z ) ie iz is an entire function.
10. If f ( z ) x 3 i (1 y ) 3 , show that f ' ( z ) exists only when z i.
11. If f ( z ) e z then show that f ' ( z ) does not exist at any point.