Scribd
Upload
8 views3 pages

Class 10 Math Formulas

This document outlines essential formulas and equations for Class 10 Mathematics, covering topics such as real numbers, polynomials, linear equations, quadratic equations, arithmetic progressions, coordinate geometry, trigonometry, areas related to circles, surface areas and volumes, statistics, and probability. Each section provides key formulas and concepts necessary for understanding and solving mathematical problems. The document serves as a comprehensive reference for students preparing for exams.

Uploaded by

eonjins123
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views3 pages

Class 10 Math Formulas

This document outlines essential formulas and equations for Class 10 Mathematics, covering topics such as real numbers, polynomials, linear equations, quadratic equations, arithmetic progressions, coordinate geometry, trigonometry, areas related to circles, surface areas and volumes, statistics, and probability. Each section provides key formulas and concepts necessary for understanding and solving mathematical problems. The document serves as a comprehensive reference for students preparing for exams.

Uploaded by

eonjins123
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Class 10 Mathematics

Essential Formulas and Equations

1 Real Numbers
• Relationship between two numbers and their HCF/LCM:
HCF(a, b) × LCM(a, b) = a × b

2 Polynomials
For a quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c with zeroes α and β:
• Sum of Zeroes: α + β = − ab
c
• Product of Zeroes: αβ = a

3 Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables


For two linear equations a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0:
a1 b1
• Intersecting Lines (Exactly one solution / Consistent): a2 ̸= b2
a1 b1 c1
• Coincident Lines (Infinitely many solutions / Consistent): a2 = b2 = c2
a1 b1 c1
• Parallel Lines (No solution / Inconsistent): a2 = b2 ̸= c2

4 Quadratic Equations
For a quadratic equation in standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0:
• Quadratic√ Formula:
−b± b2 −4ac
x= 2a

• Discriminant (D): D = b2 − 4ac


• Nature of Roots:
– If b2 − 4ac > 0: Two distinct real roots.
– If b2 − 4ac = 0: Two equal real roots.
– If b2 − 4ac < 0: No real roots.

5 Arithmetic Progressions (AP)


For an AP with first term a, common difference d, and number of terms n:
• n-th term: an = a + (n − 1)d

1
• Sum of first n terms:
Sn = n2 [2a + (n − 1)d]
• Alternatively, if the last term l is given: Sn = n2 (a + l)

6 Coordinate Geometry
Given two points P (x1 , y1 ) and Q(x2 , y2 ):
• Distance
p Formula:
d = (x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2
• SectionFormula (point dividing  a line segment in the ratio m1 : m2 ):
m1 x2 +m2 x1 m1 y2 +m2 y1
(x, y) = m1 +m2 , m1 +m2

• Midpoint Formula:
2 y1 +y2
(x, y) = x1 +x
2 , 2

7 Trigonometry
• Trigonometric Identities:
– sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
– 1 + tan2 θ = sec2 θ
– 1 + cot2 θ = csc2 θ
sin θ cos θ
• Basic Relations: tan θ = cos θ and cot θ = sin θ

8 Areas Related to Circles


For a circle with radius r and sector angle θ (in degrees):
• Circumference: 2πr
• Area of Circle: πr2
θ
• Length of an Arc of a Sector: l = 360◦ × 2πr
θ
• Area of a Sector: A = 360◦ × πr2

9 Surface Areas and Volumes


• Cuboid: TSA = 2(lb + bh + hl), Volume = l × b × h
• Cube (side a): TSA = 6a2 , Volume = a3
• Cylinder (radius r, height h): CSA = 2πrh, TSA = 2πr(r + h), Volume = πr2 h
√
• Cone (radius r, height h, slant height l): l = r2 + h2 , CSA = πrl, TSA = πr(l +r),
Volume = 31 πr2 h
• Sphere (radius r): Surface Area = 4πr2 , Volume = 34 πr3
• Hemisphere (radius r): CSA = 2πr2 , TSA = 3πr2 , Volume = 32 πr3

2
10 Statistics
• Mean (x̄):
P
fx
– Direct Method: x̄ = P fi i
i
P
fd
– Assumed Mean Method: x̄ = a + P fi i
i

• Mode:  
1 −f0
Mode = l + 2f1f−f 0 −f 2
×h

• Median:  n −cf 
Median = l + 2 f ×h

• Empirical Relationship: 3 × Median = Mode + 2 × Mean

11 Probability
• Probability of an Event E:
of outcomes favorable to E
P (E) = Number
Total number of possible outcomes

• Complementary Event: P (E) + P (Ē) = 1

You might also like