CLASS

Defense
 ➢ Ballistic Missile
➢ Cruise Missile
About Missiles
Mach Number
IGMDP Integrated Guided Missile
Development Program (IGMDP) July
26, 1983.
▪ IGMDP was brain child of renowned scientist Dr. APJ
Abdul Kalam.
▪ It was intended to attain self-sufficiency in the field of
missile technology.
IGMDP
Agni and Prithvi
 Trishul Short-Range 9 km There were
surface to air problems in this
missile missile as it
could not hit its
targets. Hence,
this programme
was officially
closed in 2008
by the Ministry
of Defence
(MoD). This
missile was not
inducted by the
Indian Armed
Forces. India,
Akash,Trishul decided to
import Barak

and Nag Missiles from

Israel.
Akash Missile Medium-range Akash -1S (18 – Mach 2.5 to 3.5
(There are 3 surface-to-air 30 Km)
Variants at missile Akash Mk-II (35
different stages – 40 Km)
of development Akash-NG
– Akash-1S, (More than 50
Akash Mark-II, Km)
Akash-NG)

Nag Anti-Tank 500 m – 4 230 m/s

Guided km
Missile
 Types of Name of Type of Operation Speed
Missiles the Missile al Range
Missile
Air-to-air MICA Air-to-Air 500 m to Mach 4
missiles Missiles 80 km
Astra Air-to-Air 80-110 km Mach 4.5 +
Missile Missiles
Novator K- Medium 300–400 Mach 3.3
100 Range air- km
to-air
Other Missiles missile

Surface- Barak 8 Long- 100 km Mach 2

To-Air Range
Missiles surface to
air Missile
 Cruise BrahMos Supersonic 290 km Mach 2.8
Missiles cruise to 3 Mach
missile
BrahMos II Hypersoni 450 – 600 Mach 7
c cruise km
Cruise missile
Nirbhay Subsonic 1,000 – Mach 0.8
cruise 1500 km
missile
 Submarine
Launched
Sagarika Ballistic Around
Ballistic
(K-15) Missile 750 Km
Submarine Missiles
K-4 Ballistic Around
& Missile 3,000 km

Anti-Tank K-5 Ballistic

Missile
Around
5,000 km

Anti-Tank Amogha Anti-Tank 2.8 km

Missile Guided
Missile
 ➢ India has tested the Anti-Satellite System(A-
SAT) from Dr A P J Abdul Kalam Island,
formerly known as Wheeler Island, an
island off the coast of Odisha(Chandipur)
➢ With this test India is now in the league of

Mission Shakti three countries after the U.S., Russia, and

China to have such technology.
➢ It is of 2 kinds— based on launching from
the ground or from planes.
Mission Shakti
 ▪ It is a programme by the Indian Navy that entails
building six Scorpene-Class attack submarines.
▪ The first Scorpene submarine, Kalvari, was
commissioned in 2017 and it would go for a normal refit
after six years in 2023, during which time the Air-
Project 75 Independent Propulsion (AIP) would be installed.
▪ The remaining submarines (Vela, Vagir, and
Vagsheer) in the series are in advanced stages of
manufacturing and trials.
 Diesel Electric
vs
Nuclear Powered
 30-year Submarine Plan
▪ Around the time of the Kargil war, GoI approved a 30-
year submarine building plan.
▪ It included the construction of 24 submarines
indigenously by 2030.
▪ The submarine building plan had separate series of
30 Year Plan submarine building lines with code names Project 75
and Project 75I.

▪ Out of 24 submarines to be built in India, 18 will be

conventional submarines and 6 will be nuclear-
powered submarines
 ▪ It was deployed in 2007 in Russian Army.
▪ It can target aircrafts (up to 5th generations), cruise and
ballistic missiles by supersonic and hypersonic missiles of
the system.
▪ It can address the incoming targets at a range of 400 kms
and a height of 30-40 kms.
▪ It can neutralise 36 targets at one time in the range of
400 kms.
S400 ▪ Its radar detection system has a range of 600kms and can
target 100-300 targets.
▪ It has 12 launchers equipped with missiles which can be
launched within 5 minutes
▪ India
▪ Akash, QRSAM, Barak 8, Trishul, Pradyumna, Ashwin and
PDV Ballistic Missile Interceptor
S-400
S 400
 Tejas Engine – General Electric F404-E
Payload – 5,300 Kg
Combat Range – 500 Km
Maximum Speed – Mach 1.8
8 Hardpoints – The aircraft can carry different
types of missiles and bombs in those 8
Hardpoints.

Rafale Engine – Snecma M88-2

Combat Range – 1850 Km
Maximum Speed – Mach 1.8

Fighters 14 Hardpoints – Rafale can carry different types

of missiles and bombs in those 14 Hardpoints.

Sukhoi-30 Engine – Saturn AL-31FL

Range – 3000 Km
Maximum Speed – Mach 2
12 Hardpoints – Sukhoi 30 can carry different
weapons and bombs in the 12 Hardpoints.
RAFALE
Tejas
 aircraft carrier
• INS Vikrant (decommissioned): Beginning with INS
Vikrant which served India from 1961 to 1997.
• India acquired the Vikrant from the United
Kingdom in 1961, and the carrier played a stellar
role in the 1971 war with Pakistan that led to the
birth of Bangladesh.
• In 2014, INS Vikrant, was broken down in Mumbai.
Aircraft Carriers
• INS Viraat (decommissioned): INS Vikrant was
followed by the Centaur-class carrier HMS (Her
Majesty's Ship) Hermes, which was rechristened in
India as INS Viraat and served in the Indian Navy from
1987 to 2016.
INS Vikramaditya
• It is the Indian Navy’s largest aircraft
carrier and warship converted from the Russian
Navy’s decommissioned Admiral
Gorshkov/Baku.
• INS Vikramaditya is a modified Kiev-class aircraft
carrier that was commissioned into service in
November 2013.
 ▪ INS Vikrant:
• In order to commemorate the legacy of INS
Vikrant (decommissioned), the First IAC will
be named as INS Vikrant.
• It is built at Cochin Shipyard Limited.
• It is currently undergoing sea trials and is
INS Vikrant likely to be commissioned in 2023.
• Its construction propelled India into a select
group of countries having capabilities to build
state-of-the-art aircraft carriers.
INS Vikrant 2022 INS Vikrant 1961
▪ Operational Modalities: According to the Indian Navy,
the warship will operate Mig 29K ,Kamov ,MH60R.
▪ India’s second Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC-2).
• This proposed carrier, to be named INS Vishal, is
intended to be a giant 65,000-tonne vessel, much bigger
than IAC-1 and the INS Vikramaditya
 ✓ The Indian Army has received the first batch of 27,000 units
of Russian AK-203 assault rifles.

✓ The Indo-Russian joint venture “Indo-Russian Rifles

Private Ltd (IRRPL)” will be manufacturing over 6.1
AK-203 lakh AK-203 assault rifles costing over ₹5,000 crore in
Amethi, Uttar Pradesh.
Rifles ✓ Training of Indian workers of the factory will begin shortly
and the manufacturing process will reach 100%
indigenisation in three years.
✓ The AK-203 assault rifles will replace the India-made
INSAS assault rifles and the older AK-47.
✓ Indo-Russian Rifles Private Ltd (IRRPL) was set up
jointly between erstwhile Ordnance Factory Board
OFB [now Advanced Weapons and Equipment India
Limited (AWEIL) and Munitions India Limited (MIL)]
of India and Rosoboronexport (RoE) and
concern Kalashnikov of Russia.
✓ The Rs 5,124 crore deal was signed between India and
Russia in December 2021.
 ▪ India quietly launched its fourth nuclear-powered ballistic
missile submarine (SSBN) at the Ship Building Center (SBC) in
Visakhapatnam, enhancing its nuclear deterrence capabilities.

▪ The fourth SSBN is codenamed S4*.

4th Nuclear- ▪ It boasts nearly 75 percent indigenous content and is
Powered equipped with K-4 ballistic missiles, which have a range of

Ballistic Missile
3,500 km and are fired through vertical launching systems.

▪ The launch of S4* follows the commissioning of INS Arighaat in

Submarine August 2024, and the INS Aridhaman is set for commissioning
next year. Both INS Arihant and INS Arighaat are already on
deep sea patrols.
 • Guided Pinaka Missile System: It is a multi-barrel rocket
launcher system, designed by the Armament Research and
Development Estb ,a laboratory of the DRDO.
• Named after Lord Shiva’s bow, Pinaka is a versatile and high-
precision rocket system.
• Key Features: Renowned for its mobility, rapid response, and
capability to deliver concentrated firepower on enemy
targets.
• The initial version of the weapon system was called Mark I,
Pinaka which had a range of 40 km.
• The upgraded version or Pinaka Mark II has an extended range
of 70 to 80 km, with plans to reach 120 km and 300 km in the
future.

▪ India successfully conducted the maiden flight test of the

indigenously Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket (LRGR 120),
with a strike range of approximately 120 kilometers,
enhancing the precision-strike capability of the Indian
Army’s artillery.
 ▪ The Ministry of Defence launched Eklavya, an online
learning platform for the Indian Army.
• Aim: To improve the professional education and
training of Indian Army officers under the Decade of
Transformation (2023-2032) initiative and the 2024
theme,Year of Technology Absorption.
Eklavya • Developed By: Bhaskaracharya National Institute of
Platform Space Applications and Geoinformatics
Gandhinagar.
(BISAG-N),

• Content: A total of 96 courses by 17 Category ‘A’

Training Establishments of the Indian Army have been
hosted on the platform.
 ▪ It was jointly developed by the DRDO and Larsen & Toubro
(L&T) with contributions from various MSME for high-
altitude warfare and rapid deployment.

• It successfully fired multiple rounds with precision at

varying ranges and demonstrated exceptional mobility and
reliability in the challenging terrain of Ladakh.

Indian Light • Airlift Capability: It was successfully airlifted by the

IAF, enabling rapid deployment to remote and inaccessible
Tank (ILT) areas.

Zorawar • Significance: It strengthens India's mountain warfare

capabilities with indigenous innovation, offering air
transportability, high-angle firing, and limited artillery roles
for enhanced mobility.
▪
 ▪ This milestone was achieved through the successful flight
test named Mission Divyastra, conducted by the DRDO.
▪ It marked the first time the indigenously developed Agni-
5missile integrated MIRV technology.

Multiple • MIRV technology originated in the United States, with the

deployment of a MIRVed Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
Independently (ICBM) in 1970.

Targetable Re- • MIRV allows a single missile to carry multiple warheads (3-

entry Vehicle 4), each capable of targeting different locations

independently.
Technology ▪ Nations possessing MIRV technology include major nuclear
powers such as the United States, the United Kingdom,
France, Russia, China, and India, while Pakistan tested the
technology (Ababeel Missile) in 2017.
 • A Diving Support Craft (DSC) is a specialised
vessel designed to facilitate underwater diving
operations, primarily in coastal and harbour
environments.

Diving ▪ The Indian Navy commissioned the first indigenous

Driving Support Craft(DSC), DSC A20, at Naval Base
Support Craft Kochi (Southern Naval Command), marking a significant

A20 enhancement of its underwater operational capabilities.

▪ The craft is equipped with advanced diving gear for
critical missions like underwater repairs, harbour
clearance, inspections, and diving operations in coastal
waters.
 ▪ The Indian Navy received Taragiri (Yard 12653), the
fourth Nilgiri-class(Project-17A) frigate and the third P17A
ship built by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Ltd (MDL).
▪ The ship carries forward the legacy of the former INS
Taragiri, a Leander-class frigate that served for 33 years
(1980–2013).

▪ It was designed by the Warship Design Bureau

Taragiri (WDB) and built using the

Construction approach for timely delivery.
Integrated

▪ Project 17A: It is India’s programme to build

seven Nilgiri-class stealth frigates as an upgraded
successor to the Shivalik Class.
▪ Of the seven frigates, four (Nilgiri, Udaygiri, Taragiri,
Mahendragiri) are being built by MDL, and three
(Himgiri, Dunagiri, Vindhyagiri) by GRSE.
 ▪ India is set to commission Mahe at the Naval Dockyard,
Mumbai, marking a significant step forward in
indigenous naval shipbuilding and maritime defence
preparedness.

▪ Mahe, the first vessel of the Mahe-class Anti-Submarine

Warfare Shallow Water Craft, built by Cochin Shipyard
Mahe: Limited (CSL), Kochi, under India’s Aatmanirbhar
Indigenous Bharat initiative.

Anti-submarine ▪ It features over 80% indigenous components,

showcasing India’s growing naval manufacturing
Warfare Vessel capability.
▪ Designed for high-speed littoral operations, including
submarine hunting and coastal patrol.
 ▪ The Union Ministry of Commerce & Industry laid the foundation
stone for the country’s first Drone City and a new Space City in
Andhra Pradesh during the 30th Confederation of Indian
Industry Partnership Summit.
• The projects aim to attract significant investment, create high-
skilled jobs, and position Andhra Pradesh as a national hub
for aerospace, drones and space technology.

Drone City • Drone City: Drone City to be built at Orvakal Industrial Node
near Kurnool across 300 acres, dedicated entirely to drone

and Space manufacturing, testing and innovation.

• Drone City is expected to boost self-reliance in high-quality drone
City Project manufacturing and support national missions such as Kisan
Drones,Swamitva Yojana, and supporting national security
operations like Operation Sindoor.
Space City: Planned near Sriharikota, India’s premier rocket
launch hub, strengthening the state’s role in space-related
industries.
• Aims to complement IN-Space and Authorization Centre efforts to
promote private sector participation in space.
 ▪ INS Aravali, Indian Navy's latest Naval Base, was
commissioned at Gurugram to strengthen Maritime
Domain Awareness (MDA) capability.
• INS Aravali, deriving its name from the unwavering Aravali
Range.

INS Aravali • It is designed to strengthen the Navy’s information and

communication infrastructure. It would not only be a hub
Commissioned of technology, but also of a collaborative vision of
in Gurugram MAHASAGAR.
• The base is guided by its motto: ‘सामुद्रिकसुरक्षायााः सहयोगं’
(Maritime Security through Collaboration).
• It will help various information and communication
centers of the Indian Navy, and strengthen India’s
Command, Control, Communications, and Maritime
Domain Awareness (MDA) framework.
 ▪ Announced on the 79th Independence Day, it is
a national security initiative that aims to develop an
indigenous Iron Dome-like air defence system (with
Mission advanced technologies, and multi-layered defence

Sudarshan systems) by 2035 to protect critical civil and defence

infrastructure The mission aims to neutralize enemy
Chakra attacks and enable swift counterstrikes, ensuring
rapid, precise defence and strengthening India’s
strategic autonomy.
 ▪ General Upendra Dwivedi,
inaugurated 'Agnishodh', the Indian Army Research
Cell (IARC), at the IIT Madras campus. The COAS also
highlighted Project SAMBHAV (Secure Army Mobile
Agnishodh and Bharat Vision) as a key tech initiative for secure
communication.
Project ▪ Agnishodh serves as a bridge between academic
SAMBHAV research and military needs, converting lab-scale
innovations into field-ready defence technologies.

▪ SAMBHAV Launched under the Indian Army's 2024

Year of Technology Absorption, SAMBHAV is a
secure, 5G-based, network-agnostic mobile system.
 • Pralay is an indigenously developed solid propellant
quasi-ballistic missile with advanced guidance and
navigation systems for pinpoint accuracy.
• Pralay is a short-range surface-to-surface missile,
with a payload capacity of 500 to 1,000 kg, and has

Pralay Missile a range of 150 to 500 km.

• The missile can carry multiple types of warheads and
strike varied targets, enhancing flexibility and
deterrence.

• Pralay was developed by Research Centre Imarat

(Hyderabad) with major support from Pune-based
DRDO labs.