India's national strategies and international commitments regarding energy (often referred to as
"Panchamrit"), the country has set ambitious targets to transition from non-renewable to renewable
sources.
Here are the key targets as outlined by the Government of India:
1. 500 GW Non-Fossil Fuel Capacity
India aims to reach 500 GW of non-fossil fuel energy capacity by 2030. This includes a massive
expansion of solar, wind, and hydro power plants.
2. 50% Renewable Energy Share
By 2030, India targets meeting 50% of its energy requirements from renewable energy sources. This
involves shifting industrial and domestic consumption away from coal and petroleum.
3. Reduction in Carbon Emissions
Carbon Intensity: India has pledged to reduce the carbon intensity of its economy by 45% by
2030, relative to 2005 levels.
Total Emissions: The target is to reduce total projected carbon emissions by one billion tonnes
from now until 2030.
4. Net Zero Target
The ultimate long-term target is for India to achieve Net Zero emissions by 2070. This means the amount
of greenhouse gases removed from the atmosphere will be equal to the amount produced.
Specific Sectoral Goals
Green Hydrogen Mission: India aims to become a global hub for the production and export of
Green Hydrogen, targeting a production capacity of 5 million metric tonnes (MMT) per annum
by 2030.
Electric Vehicles (EVs): The "EV30@30" goal aims for at least 30% of new vehicle sales to be
electric by 2030 to reduce dependency on imported fossil fuels and lower air pollution.
Ethanol Blending: A target of 20% ethanol blending in petrol (E20) by 2025-26 to promote the
use of bio-mass as a cleaner fuel.
Government of India Schemes
The Government of India has launched several flagship schemes to promote sustainable energy, improve
efficiency, and ensure energy security. These schemes align with the goals discussed in your textbook
regarding the transition to renewable and cleaner energy sources.
1. PM-KUSUM (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Urja Suraksha evam Utthaan Mahabhiyan)
Objective: To de-dieselize the farm sector and provide water and energy security to farmers.
Components: * Installation of small solar power plants on barren land.
o Installation of standalone solar-powered agriculture pumps.
o Solarization of existing grid-connected agriculture pumps.
Benefit: Farmers can sell surplus solar power to the grid, creating an additional source of income.
2. PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana
Objective: To provide free electricity to households by promoting rooftop solar installations.
Details: The government provides significant subsidies for households to install solar panels on
their roofs.
Goal: To reach 1 crore households, providing up to 300 units of free electricity per month.
3. UJALA (Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All)
Objective: To promote energy efficiency and reduce electricity bills.
Details: The scheme involves the mass distribution of energy-efficient LED bulbs, tube lights, and
fans at subsidized rates.
Significance: It is the world’s largest zero-subsidy LED bulb program, significantly reducing the
carbon footprint as discussed in the "Environmental Consequences" section of your book.
4. FAME-II (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles)
Objective: To promote the manufacturing and adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles.
Details: The government provides financial incentives to buyers of electric two-wheelers, three-
wheelers, and four-wheelers to reduce dependency on non-renewable fossil fuels like petrol and
diesel.
5. National Green Hydrogen Mission
Objective: To make India a global hub for the production, usage, and export of Green Hydrogen.
Details: Green Hydrogen is produced using renewable energy (like solar or wind) to split water
through electrolysis.
Significance: This provides a solution for "hard-to-abate" sectors like steel and heavy transport
that cannot easily run on electricity alone.
6. Atal Jyoti Yojana (AJAY)
Objective: To provide solar street lighting in areas where grid power is insufficient.
Focus: Rural, semi-urban, and remote areas, enhancing safety and visibility using renewable solar
energy.
7. SATAT (Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation)
Objective: To promote the use of Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG) as an alternative green transport
fuel.
Details: This aligns with the "Bio-gas" section of your textbook by utilizing municipal solid waste
and agricultural residue to produce fuel.
Summary of Impact
These schemes directly address the challenges mentioned in Chapter 14:
Reducing Pollution: Shifting from coal-based power to solar/wind.
Energy Security: Reducing reliance on imported petroleum.
Resource Management: Utilizing bio-mass (animal dung and agricultural waste) through
schemes like SATAT and GOBAR-dhan.