9/8/2022

Q Explain different Construction materials

and their benefits and demerits
1. RCC - Mostly used. Can be cast in any shape. Take higher stresses.
Brittle
2. Steel Structure :- Suitable for High span and High rise building.
RCC & Prestressed Concrete Complex structure – Not heat resistant
3. Wooden / bamboo Structure :- Weak but useful for Earthquake
resistant
M K Singh 4. Prestressed Concrete :- High span bridges - Flyovers. Costly
IES MADE EASY 5. Brick or Stone Masonry Structures :- suitable for low rise structures
Ex IES – 1997 batch – cheap construction.
Superintending Engineer, CPWD
M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 2

Q 3 After how many days formwork shall be

Q. Define role of water for RCC :- removed of a RCC slab casted. – Stripping time.
• Vertical surface to column = 24 hrs
1. Water acts as lubricants for fine and coarse aggregate.
• Soffit of slabs (Props re-fixed) = 3 - OPC / 7 days- others
2. Water acts chemically with cement for forming binding • Props of slab ≤ 4.5 m = 7 /10 days
paste for aggregate and reinforcement. • Props of slab > 4.5 m = 14 days
3. Water Cement ratio play most important role in strength of • Soffit of Beams (Props re-fixed) = 7/ 10 days
Concrete.
• Props of beams ≤ 4.5 m = 14 days
4. Water content more- Strength will become less. • Props of beams > 4.5 m = 21 days

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 3 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 4

Q. 5 If the cube test result of a sample of

concrete is failed at site what action Suggest what to do if the core test result
will be taken. of a sample of concrete is also failed :-
• IS code suggest load test :-
• The test shall be repeated again after getting • Load Test 1
core cutting samples. • Structure is loaded with full dead load + Live load of
1.25 times for a period of 24 hours, and then load is
• Core test is accepted if average cube strength of removed.
cores is equal to at least 85% of the cube • The deflection due to imposed load only shall be
recovered.
strength of grade of concrete.
• Load test 2
• No individual core has a strength less than 75%. • If within 24 hours of removal of load, the structure
does not recover at least 75% of deflection due to S. I.
Load, the test may be repeated after 72 hours, If the
recovery is found less than 80%, the structure shall be
rejected.
M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 5 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 6

1
 9/8/2022

Q. What is Target Mean Strength? Define Creep. Explain factors affecting creep.

• Target mean strength is used in case of Mix design • Creep is time dependent deformation
of Concrete. due to a sustained stress applied on a
• Target Mean Strength = fck + 1.65σ elastic material continuously for a
• For example if Design mix is to be done for M40 certain long period of time.
Conc. • Creep stain is obtained in addition to
Target mean strength of sample shall be Elastic strain.
≥ fck + 1.65σ = 40 + 1.65x5 = 48.25 N/mm2

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 7 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 8

Factors on which Coefficient of thermal

Factors affecting creep :- expansion of concrete depends: -
Creep is found More if •Coefficient of thermal expansion of
1. Cement content is high, concrete depends on
2. W/C ratio is high, 1. Type of cement
3. Aggregate content is low,
4. Air entertainment is high,
2. Type of Aggregates
5. Temperature is high, 3. Cement content
6. Size / thickness of the member is small 4. Relative humidity
7. Loading occurs at an early age & 5. Size of section
8. Loading is sustained over a long period.
M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 9 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 10

What are the factors affecting durability of concrete :-

What are the value of coefficient of thermal
• Durability of concrete depends on following factors :- expansion of concrete and steel
1. The Environment – Exposure Condition
2. Nominal Cover provided to steel
3. Type and quality of materials used Co-efficient of thermal expansion of concrete
4. Cement content and W/C Ratio = 6x10-6 mm/mm per degree c. to
5. Workmanship – Degree of compaction and Curing
12x10-6 mm/mm per degree c.
6. Shape and Size of Member
The co-efficient of thermal expansion of steel
= 12x10-6mm/mm per degree c
M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 11 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 12

2
 9/8/2022

Q. What is segregation of concrete

• Separation of different ingredients of concrete
at the time of transport and placing of
concrete due to jerks and vibrations is called
segregation.
• If concrete segregates during transit it
should be remixed properly before
depositing.

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 13 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 14

What is hanger bar Q. What are the methods for under

water concreting.
• Hanger bars of small diameter are used for the
Methods for Under water concreting are:-
purpose of holding stirrups in a beam.
• These are not counted as tension / compression 1. Tremie method
reinforcement unless the area of such bars is 2. Pump method.
greater than 0.2% of sectional area of the
member. 3. Hydro-valve method.
4. Buckets or Skip method.

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 15 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 16

Tremie Method – Under water concreting Pump method – Under water concreting
• Tremie pipe is used for • Pouring concrete from mixer to formworks
concreting. Concrete flow by directly by pumping
gravity and fill the area from
bottom and level of concrete • No blockages in the pipe because
keep on rising. concreting is through pumping, not by
• Tremie pipe is always kept gravity.
under concrete to avoid entry of
water in the pipe. • Risk of segregation is decreased.

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 17 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 18

3
 9/8/2022

Hydro Valve Method of

Underwater Concreting Skips Method
• A flexible hose is employed to
pour concrete. •The equipment used is a
• Friction inside the pipe and bucket with double door
hydrostatic pressure is opening at the bottom.
overcame by concrete weight.
• This leads to move concrete •The skip is lowered down
slowly in the pipe and avoid through water slowly &
segregation.
• This method is not costly and
doors are opened when it
quite simple. reach at bottom.
M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 19 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 20

How much steel is required for one cum Q . When IS 456- RCC code were
of concrete for RCC members:- published and revised
For one Cum of Concrete – steel required IS 456 – RCC code
approx. :- • 1st published in 1953
1. Sunshade : 50 Kg/m3. • 1st Revision - 1957 – WSM introduced
2. Lintels : 80 to 100 Kg/m3 • 2nd Revision - 1964 – ULM was introduced
3. Slab : 100 to 150 Kg /m3 • 3rd Revision - 1978 – LSM was introduced
4. Beams : 100 to 200 Kg/m3 • 4th Revision - 2000- New provisions added
5. Columns : 200 to 300 Kg/m3 • Four amendments issued after 2000.
6. Foundation : 100 – 150 Kg/m3
M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 21 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 22

What are different lateral load Q . Difference between Deterministic

resisting systems in a structure and probabilistic approach
1. Frames :- RCC Column and beams Deterministic approach –
2. Shear Walls :- Made of RCC wall • Based on defined actual value of stress.
• WSM is called based on Deterministic approach.
3. Brick wall also act as shear wall if the • Design is done based on actual working stresses.
Earthquake forces are acting in plane
4. Tubes :- closely spaced columns Probabilistic approach –
• Based on imaginary behavior of material at the
located in periphery of a structure acts time of failure.
like tube • Probability of failure may vary in different cases.
• Limit state method is called based on Probabilistic
approach.
M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 23 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 24

4
 9/8/2022

Q . Discuss the merit and demerit of Q . Discuss the merit and demerit of
LSM LSM
Demerits:-
Merits :- 1. More steel are required.
1. Less concrete/more steel is required 2. Thin section with high steel are found may
2. Slender Sections as compared to WSM
not be safe from deflection point.
3. More economical Design
4. both factor of safety for load and stress 3. Analysis based on imaginary approach
5. Suitable for E/Q and wind analysis. 4. Failure behaviour may be different than
assumed.

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 25 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 26

Q .Difference between Gross section,

what are minimum and maximum % of steel transformed section and Cracked seciton
𝑨𝒔𝒕 𝟎.𝟖𝟓
1. Beams min = 1. Gross section - The cross-section of the member ignoring
𝑩𝒅 𝒇𝒚
reinforcement: BxD
2. Beams max = 4% as per IS 456 but 2.5% as per IS 13920
2. Transformed section :- Equivalent area without
3. Slab Minimum = .12 % - HYSD or 0.15 % for MS neglecting area of concrete in tension.
Used for un-cracked sections analysis.
4. Column Min = 0.8% Aeq = BD+ (m-1)*Ast
5. Column Max = 4 % - lapped but 6 % - if bars are not lapped
3. Cracked section :- Equivalent area neglecting concrete in
tension.
(Used for cracked section analysis)
Aeq =( [Link] + m*Ast )
M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 27 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 28

Q. What are the advantage and Q. Draw principal stress trajectories for a simply
disadvantage of providing large clear supported beam due to a udl or point load
cover to reinforcement?
• Advantage –
• Minimize corrosion, to keep the steel safe, to
increase durability of section.
• Disadvantage – Concrete may crack in tension
zone with high value of cover.

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 29 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 30

5
 9/8/2022

Q. What are interaction Curves. How effect of slenderness is considered

in long column in LSM
1. Interaction curves are used for
design of column by LSM for • By adding Additional • Then Column is designed for
combined axial load and bending (
Uniaxial or biaxial) moment to given design • Axial Load = Pu
moment
2. Interaction curves are available for • Moment about one axis X-X
uniaxial bending only. 𝑷𝒖 .𝑫 𝑳𝒆𝒙 2
3. Also used for Design of column for
• Max = ( ) = Mux + Max
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑫 • Moment about one axis Y-Y
biaxial bending. 𝑷𝒖 .𝑩 𝑳𝒆𝒚 2
• May = ( ) = Muy + May
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑩

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 31 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 32

Q. How reinforcement are provided in a Q. What is the effect of corrosion on Steel

triangular slab. Can we use corroded steel at the site

1. Corrosion creates powder like material on surface of

• Same like Circular Slab providing steel in steel.
two direction perpendicular to each other. 2. Bond may be broken due to corrosion.
• Designed similar as circular slab for an 3. Already corroded steel may be used in construction if
average radius. Cross section area has not much affected.
4. A little bit of corrosion is even useful for concrete as it
will create better bond between steel and concrete.
5. Highly corroded steel may be avoided to be used for
construction.
M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 33 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 34

Q. What is Lap splice. What are the other option

Q. Stirrups of ties – which one is used for avoiding lap splices.
at Beam column joint / Junction
• Reinforcement are lapped one over another
for some length to continue a reinforcement.
• Lateral ties of column shall be continued at . .
the location of beam column junction. • Lap length = Development length =
..
• U hooks may be used at joint as lateral ties. • Other option for laps are :-
• 1. Couplers:-
• Beam stirrups are not continued at joint.
• 2. Welding :-
• First stirrup of beam shall be provided at • Wires more than 32 mm dia are must to be
50mm from column face as per IS 13920. welded only.

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 35 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 36

6
 9/8/2022

What are different components of a flat slab Which slab is better – Beam slab system or Flat slab

•Flat slab are found not suitable for Earthquake

1. Components of flat slab :-
resistant Structure.
1. Slab
2. Drop panel
•Beam Slab system with columns – Framed
3. Capital
structure are considered best for resisting
Earthquake.
4. Column

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – IES / GATE 37 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 38

How joints are sealed in a water tank

What is the difference between Safe bearing
capacity and Net safe Bearing Capacity of soil
Seepage of water from Vertical
1. Minimum Pressure at failure of soil is called Ultimate Bearing
Capacity = qu and horizontal joints are avoided
2. Net Ultimate Bearing Capacity qnu = qu - 𝛾. D by providing water bar at joints
qu − . D and proper sealing of joints with
3. Net Safe Bearing Capacity of soil qns =
Joint sealing compounds.
4. Safe Bearing Capacity of soil qs = qo = qns + 𝛾.
𝛾 D

M K SINGH MADE EASY – 39 M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES / GATE - RCC 40

Why Very high strength concrete are used in

Water bar on horizontal and Vertical joints Prestressed concrete members

1. High Strength concrete is required to bear

1. Bear high compressive stress developed.
2. Bear high bearing stress in Post tensioned
3. Bear high bond stress in Pre tensioned.

4. Minimum Grade of Concrete

For Post-tensioned = M 30
For Pre-tensioned = M 40 (more strength required)

M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES / GATE - RCC 41 M K SINGH MADE EASY – IES / GATE – RCC 42

7
 9/8/2022

What are the advantage of using high strength concrete in PSC members
What are the Disadvantage of using high strength
Advantage
concrete in PSC members
1. High Compressive Strength
2. High Bearing Strength Disadvantage
3. High bond strength 1. More Brittleness
4. More tensile strength 2. Less Ductility
5. Improved shear resistance 3. More Shrinkage
6. Less Creep Required
7. Less prestress Losses due to various reasons. 1. Need controlled quality to get the desired strength
8. Ec value is high
M K SINGH MADE EASY – IES / GATE – RCC 43 M K SINGH MADE EASY – IES / GATE – RCC 44

What are the disadvantage of using Prestressed Concrete for any

What are the advantage of using Prestressed Concrete for structure
any structure
Disadvantage :-
Advantage :-
1. Costly
1. Suitable for high span structures
2. Need skilled manpower and
2. Total cross section utilized - Less cross section
required 3. Higher Safety parameters

3. Saving in foundation and columns due to Less DL 4. Large number of equipment required

4. Concrete remains un-cracked 5. Not suitable for normal buildings

5. Increased durability 6. Need better quality control

M K SINGH MADE EASY – IES / GATE – RCC 45 M K SINGH MADE EASY – IES / GATE – RCC 46

What are different system of prestressing

1. Freyssinet system
cable in Prestressed concrete

M K SINGH MADE EASY – IES / GATE – RCC 47 M K SINGH MADE EASY – IES / GATE – RCC 48

8
 9/8/2022

2. Magnel blatton method 3. Gifford udall system

M K SINGH MADE EASY – IES / GATE – RCC 49 M K SINGH MADE EASY – IES / GATE – RCC 50

4. Lee mccall system

Earthquake Engineering

M K SINGH MADE EASY – IES / GATE – RCC 51

Explain the cause of Earthquake

What is Earthquake and how it affect
building :- • Upper layer of Earth is divided in different plates called Tectonic
plates floating and moving over the molten mantle of Earth.
1. An earthquake is shaking of earth caused by sudden • Earthquake is observed due to movement of tectonic plates.
movements of rocks in the Earth's crust due to sudden • At a certain point of time a fault is created by breaking of Earth layer
release of energy inside earth. due to movement of tectonic plates.
2. The seismic waves travel through the Earth. Structures • Different type of movement of tectonic plates are
also start moving in lateral direction due to waves. • Towards each other – Converging movement
3. Due to Earthquake lateral forces are developed in the • away from each other – Diverging movement
building structures that may create large BM and SF at • Sideways = Transverse movement
various location and the section may fail.
M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 53 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 54

9
 9/8/2022

What are Faults What is Focus and Epicentre

• Due to movement of tectonic plates – Earthquake is observed and large
masses of Earth move in different direction. Faults are created due to
movement of large masses of Tectonic plates on Earth surface.
 1. Focus :- The originating Earthquake
• Different type of faults are :- source inside the earth which result in
1. Normal faults shaking of ground.
2. Reverse Faults  [Link]:- Geographical point
3. Strike Faults vertically above the focus on earth
surface.

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 55 M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES - RCC 56

How earthquake is measured and what are What is the difference between Magnitude
different scale to show earthquake and Intensity of an Earthquake
•Seismograph is used to measure Earthquake 1. Magnitude: The size of the earthquake at its
source(Focus). Richter Scale measures magnitude.
•Different Scale used
• 1. Richter Scale : - Measure Magnitude 2. Intensity: Intensity show the amount of damage at any
• 2. Modified Mercalli Scale: - Measure Intensity particular place on Earth due to Earthquake. Modified
Mercalli Scale measure intensity – descriptive
• 3. Rossi–Forel scale – measurement.
• 4. MSK SCALE – Measure intensity

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 57 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 58

What are different waves observed during

Earthquake Primary, secondary and surface waves

• Seismic waves classified into three types.

1. P (or Primary waves )
2. S (or Secondary) waves
3. Surface waves :-
• a. Rayleigh waves
• b. Love waves

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 59 M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES - RCC 60

10
 9/8/2022

Seismic waves Q. what is zone factor as per IS 1893.

• Zone factor is a value showing magnitude of earthquake

to be considered for calculating horizontal seismic
coefficient for calculation of lateral force on a structure
due to earthquake.
• Zone factor is based on maximum Considered
Earthquake observed in an area.
Zone –II Zone –III Zone –IV Zone –V
Z Value 0.10 0.16 0.24 0.36
M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES - RCC 61 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 62

Name major Cities in Earthquake Zones

Seismic 1. Zone V cities– Bhuj, Darbhanga, Imphal, Jorhat, Kohima, Shillong,
Zones in Tezpur, Guwahati and Srinagar
India- 2. Zone IV cities — Delhi, Patna, Dehradun, Jamnagar, Jammu, Amritsar
and Jalandhar
3. Zone III cities — Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Surat, Rajkot, Bhavnagar,
Pune, Bhiwandi, Nashik, Greater Mumbai, Thane, Bhubaneswar,
Cuttack, Chennai, Coimbatore, Agra, Varanasi, Bareilly, Lucknow,
Kanpur, Kolkata, Indore, Jabalpur, Vijaywada, Dhanbad, Mangalore,
Kochi, Kozhikode, Trivandrum.

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 63 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 64

How a load bearing structure can be strengthen against What is base shear. How it is calculated
Earthquake :-

1. By providing RCC horizontal bands at plinth level, sill level and • Total lateral force acting on the base of a building due to
lintel level. Earthquake is called Base Shear.
2. By providing vertical reinforcement at corners, near jamb,  As per IS 1893 codes Base Shear is :
door opening and window opening. VB = (Ah) x (W)
3. By providing reinforcement in masonry in different layers. ◦ Ah is horizontal Seismic coefficient
4. By providing strong wall in both direction. ◦ W = total Seismic weight of building

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 65 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 66

11
 9/8/2022

What is horizontal seismic coefficient. What are MCE and DBE values
How it is calculated.
• Horizontal Seismic Coefficient • MCE – Maximum Considered Earthquake by IS code as
per past record of earthquake in a particular area (MCE
Ah = . . Value = Z value)
• Z = Zone factor • DBE – Design basic earthquake values are values based on
• I = Importance factor earthquake that can be reasonably expected at least once
during the design life of Structure. ( DBE Value = Z/2 )
• R = Response reduction factor
• = Horizontal Acceleration Coefficient

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 67 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 68

What is Importance factor (I)

What is the minimum size of beam and
column as per Earthquake code :- • Importance factor depends on
• Functional use of buildings
1. As per IS 13920 Minimum size of
• Number of persons using the building.
• Used for calculation of horizontal seismic coeff.
Width of Beam = 200 mm
Width of Column = 300 mm or 20 times the dia of bar of I = 1.5 For Important buildings :-
Beam passing through the column like School buildings, hospitals, offices, important
Service stations, Emergency Services
I = 1.2 For Residential and commercial buildings, having
occupancy more than 200
I =1.0 For other buildings
M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 69 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 70

In which buildings Dynamic analysis of How much Effective moment of inertia for column and
beams is considered as per IS 1893 in earthquake analysis.
structure is required as per IS 1893.
1. Dynamic analysis is compulsory for all structure in
Zone II, III, IV and V. • For Structural analysis of structure, Moment of Inertia
1. except for structure of height less than 15m in Zone shall be taken as
II. • For columns = 70% of Igross
2. Dynamic analysis can be performed by • For Beams = 35 % of Igross
1. Response spectrum method
2. Time History Method.
3. The building behavior is checked for different mode of
movement due to Earthquake
M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 71 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 72

12
 9/8/2022

Explain DAMPING effect in a building during

What is Centre of mass and centre of stiffness earthquake :-
• Centre of Mass :- Centre of mass is CG where total mass of is • Damping is a phenomenon in which the energy of the
acting. system is gradually reduced or Vibration is gradually
• Centre of Stiffness :- CG of all lateral force resisting system in a reduced and finally eliminated completely.
building ( Columns , Shear wall etc) is called center of stiffness.
• Due to damping effect the structure will come to rest in
• Centre of mass should match with centre of stiffness to avoid any
eccentricity and torsional moment. less time when it start vibrating due to earthquake.

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 73 M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES - RCC 74

What is Natural frequency of vibration of a What is the difference between Free vibration forced vibration
structure and resonance
1. Free vibrations of an elastic body are called natural
1. Natural frequency, also known as eigen-frequency, is vibrations and occur at a frequency called the natural
the frequency at which a system tends to oscillate in the absence frequency.
of any driving or damping force.
2. Natural vibrations are different from forced vibrations
2. The motion pattern of a system oscillating at its natural which happen at the frequency of an applied force (forced
frequency is called the normal mode. frequency).
3. If the forced frequency is equal to the natural frequency,
the vibrations amplitude increases manyfold. This
phenomenon is known as resonance.

M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES - RCC 75 M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES - RCC 76

Oscillation What is Fundamental frequency of a system

1. In general, the system has a number of natural frequency

modes. However, first mode of natural frequency is known as
fundamental frequency.
2. The fundamental frequency is just the lowest possible
frequency among all the natural frequencies of vibration of
an object.
3. In a natural vibration, you just excite the object once. Then it
will vibrate for a while. Those are the “natural” vibrations of
the object.
M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES - RCC 77 M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES - RCC 78

13
 9/8/2022

What is Mode shape in case of vibration of a

What is Special Moment Resisting Frame:-
structure due to Earthquake
1. Every building has a number of ways, or modes, in which it can
vibrate naturally. In each mode, the building vibrates to and 1. If Provisions of IS 13920 are followed in design and
fro with a particular distorted shape called its mode shape. detailing of reinforcement of a RCC structure - the
2. The number of times it vibrates to and fro every second is structure is called Special Moment Resisting frame.
the frequency of vibration for that mode.
2. Response reduction factor for SMRF structure is 5.0
3. Every building has its own set of natural frequencies of vibration. where as it 3.0 for Ordinary Moment Resisting frame
4. If Earth frequency of vibration due to earthquake matches the called OMRF
natural frequency of vibration of the building, it may attain
resonance frequency and that may be very dangerous for the
building.

M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES - RCC 79 M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 80

Is Ductile detailing compulsory for a

What do you mean by Ductile detailing of RCC structure
building ?
1. Structure designed and reinforcement detailing done in such a As per IS 13920 - Ductile detailing is must
way that RCC members behave like a ductile section. – called
ductile detailing. 1. For all Buildings in Zone – III , IV & V.
2. Structures designed and detailing done as per IS 13920 behave 2. For Zone –II it is optional.
as a ductile structure at the time of failure. Depends on choice of owner of the building.
3. Sudden failure due to higher moment and shear will not occur
in a ductile structure.
4. More lateral ties and stirrups to be provided near beam column
joints.
M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 81 M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES - RCC 82

what is Special confining reinforcement

• Special confining reinforcement shall be provided over a length L0, from each
joint face
• The length (L0) shall not be less than
( a ) larger lateral dimension
( b ) 1/6 of clear span
( c ) 450 mm.
• Spacing of hoops :-
( a) 1/4 of minimum dimension
( b) 6 times the dia of smallest bar
( c) 100 mm.

M K SINGH MADE EASY – RCC – FOR INTERVIEW 83 M K SINGH IES MADE EASY - IES - RCC 84

14