Design of Retaining Wall

Project Lumami Transit Man & Woman Hostel , Nagaland University

Input Parameters:
Geometrical Parameter
Symbol Details Values
swt Stem Wall Top Thickness 400 mm Ok (300-400) mm
swb Stem Wall Bottom Thickness 1050 mm Ok (773-1160) mm
RH Effective Retained Height 9500 mm As per site condition
hor Horizontal change in Slope of Retention 4000 mm As per site condition
ver Vertical change in Slope of Retention 1000 mm As per site condition
Rate of Change of Slope 0.2500
α Inclination angle of the backfill surface 14.0⁰
bst Base Slab Thickness 900 mm
hst Hill Slab Tip Thickness 900 mm
tst Toe Slab Tip Thickness 900 mm
skx Distance of Shear Key from Tip 1000 mm
skt Thickness of Shear Key 500 mm
skd Depth of Shear Key 1500 mm
tsw Width of Toe Slab from Centre 2600 mm
Toe Projection Check 2075 mm ≈ 4354 mm / 2000 mm
hsw Width of Hill Slab from Centre 3400 mm
Total Base Width 6000 mm Ok (4640-7540) mm
dof Depth of Foundation 3000 mm Ok, >=1067.2 mm
H Total Height of Stem Wall 11600 mm
Counterfort Exists Yes
cfs Spacing of Counterfort 3000 mm
tcf Straight Project of Counterfort 500 mm
cft Thickness of Counterfort Top 400 mm
cfb Thickness of Counterfort Bottom 900 mm
cfw Width of Counterfort bottom from Centre 3400 mm
Hcf Height of Counterfort from Stem Base 8500 mm
Material Properties
Symbol Details Values
fck Compressive Strength of Concrete 30 MPa Assumed
fy Yeild Strength of Steel Rebar 550 MPa Considered
γc Unit weight of Concrete 25.0 kN/m³ As per IS 875 (part 1)
γe Unit weight of Dry Retained Earth 20.0 kN/m³ Assumed
γs Unit weight of Backfill Soil 18.1 kN/m³ From Soil Report
γw Unit weight of Water 9.81 kN/m³ As per IS 875 (part 1)
p₀ Safe Bearing Capacity at 3 m depth 140.0 kN/m² From Soil Report
φ Angle of Repose 26.0⁰ From Soil Report
wsr Additional Surcharge Pressure 0.0 kN/m As per site condition
dwt Height of Water Table above Foundation 0 mm From Soil Report
Design Related Parameters
Does Wind or Seismic Load is Considered No
 Design of Retaining Wall

Factor of Safety for Sliding Check 1.75 As per IS 1904: 1986

Factor of Safety for Overturning Check 2.00 As per IS 1904: 1986
Design Bearing Pressure / SBC 1.00 As per IS 1904: 1986

Servicebility Checks:
Basic Parameters:
Co-efficient of active earth pressure (ka) = 0.390 Rankine's Theory
Co-efficient of passive earth pressure (ka) = 2.561 Rankine's Theory
Intensity of Active Earth Pressure (pa) = 90.6 kN/m From Geomtery
Total Active Earth Pressure (Pa) = 566.2 kN Triangle Rule
Horizontal Active Earth Pressure (Ph) = 549.3 kN Resolving Forces
Vertical Active Earth Pressure (Pv) = 133.2 kN Resolving Forces
Total Passive Earth Pressure (Pp) = 469.3 kN
Weight of Straight Part of Stem Wall (W1) = 116.0 kN/m
Weight of Inclined Part of Stem Wall (W2) = 94.3 kN/m
Weight of Base Slab (W3) = 135.0 kN/m
Weight of Counter Fort Staright Part (W4) = 14.2 kN/m
Weight of Counter Fort Inclined Part (W5) = 54.7 kN/m
Weight of Backfill Soil (W6) = 612.1 kN/m
Weight of Shear Key (W7) = 18.8 kN/m
Weight of Soil on Toe Side (W8) = 38.0 kN/m
Check for Sliding
Total Retained Force trying to Slide the Wall = 549.3 kN
Total Vertical Weight of Soil and Concrete (ΣW) = 1082.9 kN
Coefficient of friction for sliding check (μ) = 0.45 Assumed from SIR
Hence, FOS against Sliding = 1.74 NG, Shear Key Needed
Check for Overturning (about Point D)
Horizontal Force will act at (H+bst)/3 from bottom 4167 mm
Total Overturning Moment = 2288.6 kN-m
Total Resisting Moment = 5500.3 kN-m
Hence, FOS against Sliding = 2.40 OK
Check for Bearing Capacity
Design Net Bearing Pressure = 101.3 kN/m²
Hence, FOS for Bearing Pressure Check = 1.38 OK
CG of Resultant Moment from D = 2.97 m
Eccentricity of the Moment = 0.03 m
Pmax at Toe = 104.8 kN/m² OK
Pmin at Heel = 97.8 kN/m² OK

Strength Checks:
Design Bearing Pressure at Toe Bottom (σ₁) = 104.8 kN/m² ↑
Design Bearing Pressure at Heel Bottom (σ₄) = 97.8 kN/m² ↑ ↑↓
Total Base Width = 6.00 m
 Design of Retaining Wall

Toe Tip to Stem Wall distance (X1) = 2.08 m

Stem Wall to Heel Tip distance (X2) = 2.88 m
Design Bearing Pressure at B′ Location (σ₂) = 102.4 kN/m² ↑
Design Bearing Pressure at G′ Location (σ₃) = 101.2 kN/m² ↑
Clear Cover of Base Slab = 75 mm
Clear Cover of Stem Slab = 75 mm
Clear Cover of Counterfort = 75 mm
Design of Toe Slab
Pressure due to Self-weight of Base Slab = 27.0 kN/m² ↓
Maximum B. M. along B-B′ Line upward = 165.70 kN-m
Diameter of reinforcement = 20 mm
Effective Depth of Base Slab along B-B′ Line = 805 mm
Mu/bd^2 = 0.256
Percentage of steel required = 0.12
Required area of steel = 966.0 mm²
Area of individual reinforcement = 314.2 mm²
Spacing required /m = 325 mm
Spacing provided /m = 200 mm Ok
Area of steel provided /m = 1570.8 mm²
Provide 20 mm dia bar @ 200 mm c/c across the wall at bottom
Diameter of distribution reinforcement = 20 mm
Spacing required /m = 325 mm
Spacing provided /m = 300 mm
Provide 20 mm dia bar @ 300 mm c/c along the wall at bottom
Provide 20 mm dia bar @ 300 mm c/c bothways at top
Design Bearing Pressure along S₁-S₁ = 103.3 kN/m² ↑
Design shear force at distance d (S₁-S₁) = 132.13 kN
pt provided per meter = 0.195%
Tc = 0.212 N/mm2 [Table 19, IS 456:2000]
Shear stress = 0.164 N/mm2
Shear reinforcement is Not required
Design of Hill Slab
Pressure due to Self-weight of Base Slab = 27.0 kN/m² ↑
Maximum B. M. along G-G′ Line downward = 582.55 kN-m
Diameter of reinforcement = 20 mm
Effective Depth of Base Slab along B-B′ Line = 805 mm
Mu/bd^2 = 0.899
Percentage of steel required = 0.195
Required area of steel = 1569.8 mm²
Area of individual reinforcement = 314.2 mm²
Spacing required /m = 200 mm
Spacing provided /m = 150 mm Ok
Area of steel provided /m = 2094.4 mm²
Provide 20 mm dia bar @ 150 mm c/c across the wall at top
Diameter of distribution reinforcement = 20 mm
Spacing required /m = 325 mm
 Design of Retaining Wall

Spacing provided /m = 300 mm

Provide 20 mm dia bar @ 300 mm c/c along the wall at top
Provide 20 mm dia bar @ 300 mm c/c bothways at bottom
Net Bearing Pressure along S2-S2 = 100.2 kN/m² ↑
Design shear force at distance d (S2-S2) = 235.71 kN
pt provided per meter = 0.260%
Tc = 0.213 N/mm2 [Table 19, IS 456:2000]
Shear stress = 0.293 N/mm2
Shear reinforcement is required
Distance from where Stirrup not needed = 1200 mm
Maximum Shear Stress of M30 Concrete = 3.10 N/mm2 Ok
Shear Force to be Taken care by Stirrups = 64.40 kN
Diameter for Stirrups = 10 mm
Number of Legs of the Stirrups = 2 No(s)
Spacing required for Stirrups = 709 mm
Spacing adopted for Stirrups = 300 mm
Provide 2-L10 φ stirrup @ 300 mm c/c across the stem wall till 1.8 m
Design of Stem Wall
Bending Moment at G per meter = 1829.00 kN-m
Diameter of reinforcement = 25 mm
Effective Thickness of Stem Wall at G = 950 mm
Mu/bd^2 = 2.027
Percentage of steel required = 0.463
Required area of steel = 4398.5 mm²
Area of individual reinforcement = 490.9 mm²
Spacing required /m = 111 mm
Spacing provided /m = 100 mm Ok
Area of steel provided /m = 4908.7 mm²
Provide 25 mm dia bar @ 100 mm c/c vertically on the retained side
Diameter of distribution reinforcement = 20 mm
Spacing required /m = 276 mm
Spacing provided /m = 200 mm
Provide 20 mm dia bar @ 200 mm c/c horizontally on the retained side
Provide 20 mm dia bar @ 200 mm c/c bothways on the free side
Design shear force at distance d above G = 398.71 kN
pt provided per meter = 0.517%
Tc = 0.237 N/mm2 [Table 19, IS 456:2000]
Shear stress = 0.420 N/mm2
Shear reinforcement is required
Distance from where Stirrup not needed = 1600 mm
Maximum Shear Stress of M30 Concrete = 3.10 N/mm2 Ok
Shear Force to be Taken care by Stirrups = 173.34 kN
Diameter for Stirrups = 12 mm
Number of Legs of the Stirrups = 2 No(s)
Spacing required for Stirrups = 334 mm
 Design of Retaining Wall

Spacing adopted for Stirrups = 200 mm

Provide 2-L12 φ stirrup @ 200 mm c/c across the stem wall till 2.2 m
Design of Counterfort
Design Bending Moment considered = 1124.54 kN-m
Main Bar Diameter = 25 mm
Effective Depth at Base = 825 mm
Mu/bd^2 = 1.652
Percentage of steel required = 0.371
Required area of steel = 3060.8 mm²
Area of individual reinforcement = 490.9 mm²
Spacing required /m = 160 mm
Spacing provided /m = 125 mm Ok
Area of steel provided /m = 3927.0 mm²
Provide 25 mm dia bar @ 125 mm c/c both vertical both faces & inclined
Diameter of distribution reinforcement = 20 mm
Spacing required /m = 317 mm
Spacing provided /m = 200 mm
Provide 20 mm dia bar @ 200 mm c/c horizontally on both faces
Provide 2-L12 φ stirrup @ 200 mm c/c across the stem wall till 2.5 m
Design of Shear Key
Passive Resistance of Shear Key = 52.10 kN
Revised FOS for Sliding = 1.837 > 1.75, hence OK
Desgin Moment for Shear Key 26.10 kN-m
Considering 16 mm vertical rebar Spacing Provided = 150 mm
Horizontal Distribution Reinforcement of 12 mm = @200 mm c/c
Provide 16 mm @150 mm c/c vertically and 12 mm @150 mm horizontally
Design of Retaining Wall
Design of Retaining Wall
 Design of Retaining Wall

fck = 30 MPa
(Pt)_pro Tc
0.15 0.29
0.25 0.37
0.50 0.50
0.75 0.59