Set Theory

Content

Set

Methods to write a Set

Cardinality

Types of Set

Subset

Venn diagram

Operation on Sets

Some Important Laws

Problems on cardinality of sets

4
Set

A set is a well-defined collection of objects.

Well-Defined Collection

Based on facts
Not Well-Defined Collection

Based on opinion
Representation

Sets are generally represented by capital letters A, B, C, .... etc.

The elements of the set are represented by a, b, c, ... etc.

Which of the following collections is not a set?
(A) The Rivers of India
(B) Odd Natural Numbers Less Than 10
C Name of Good Indian Actors
(D) Roots of Equation (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 2) = 0
 Methods to Write a Set

Roster Form Set Builder Form

Roster Form

Set is described by listing elements, separated by commas and

enclosing them by curly brackets.

Note

1. No repetition of elements

2. Order does not matter

Set Builder Form

In this case, write down a property or rule which gives us all the
elements of the set.
 Roster Form Set Builder Form

Set of Natural Numbers A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …..}

Set of Vowels B = { 𝑥 is a vowel }

Set of Even Natural

Numbers

Set of Odd Natural

D = {𝑥 : 𝑥 = 2𝑛 − 1,
Numbers Less Than 6
1 ≤ 𝑛 ≤ 3, 𝑛 ∈ ℕ}
Write the following set in the roster form:
A = {𝑥 | 𝑥 is a positive integer less than 10 and 2𝑥 − 1 is an odd
number}.
Given that E = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}. If 𝑛 represents any member of E, then
write the following sets in roster and set builder form containing all
numbers represented by:
(i) 𝑛 + 1 (ii) 𝑛2
Cardinality of a Finite Set

𝑛 (A) or |A| = Number of elements in a finite set

 Types of Sets

Null Singleton Finite Infinite

set set set set

Set with Set with Set with a Set with an

No one finite Infinite
element element number of number of
element element
Which of the following is a null set?
(A) A = {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 > 1 and 𝑥 < 1]
(B) B = {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 + 3 = 3}
(C) C = {ϕ}
(D) D = {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 ≥ 1 and 𝑥 ≤ 1}
The set A = {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 ∈ ℤ, 𝑥 2 = 16 and 2𝑥 = 6} is equal to:
(A) ϕ (B) {14, 3, 4} (C) {3} (D) {4}
 Equal set Equivalent set
Two sets A & B are equal sets if, Two sets A & B are equivalent
(i) 𝑛(A) = 𝑛(B) sets if,
(ii) Elements are same in both (i) 𝑛(A) = 𝑛(B)
sets.
Ex. Ex.
A ≡ {𝑥| 𝑥 is the letter of the A ≡ {1,3,5,7}
word "FOLLOW"} B ≡ {a, b, c, d}
B ≡ {𝑦| 𝑦 is the letter of the
word "WOLF"}

Note Equal sets are always equivalent, but equivalent sets may not.
Find the pairs of equal sets (if any):
A = { }, B = {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 > 15 and 𝑥 < 5},
C = {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 − 5 = 0}, D = {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 2 = 25},
E = {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 is an integral root of the equation 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 15 = 0}.
Subset
Subset

If every element of set A is an element of set B, then A is called a subset

of B.
Representation–

(i) A ⊆ B

(ii) A ⊈ B

A ⊆ B ⇔ (𝑥 ∈ A ⇒ 𝑥 ∈ B)
Example

A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}

5,6,7

1,2,3,4
1,2,3,4,5,6,7
1,2,3,4 1,2,3,4
A
A B
Example

A = {a, e}
B = {a, d, f, g}

A B

a, e e a d, f, g a, d, f, g
Note

Every set is a subset of itself, i.e. A ⊆ A for all A

A ⊆ B and B ⊆ A ⇔ A = B

Empty set ϕ is a subset of every set.

Let say A = {1, 2}

1,
1
1,22

Subsets of A

ϕ, {1}, {2}, {1, 2}

Proper subset

If A is a subset of B and A ≠ B, then A is a proper subset of B,

and we write A ⊂ B.
Note

𝑛(A) = 𝑚
then number of possible subsets of A = 2𝑚 .
Example

22
1. Let A = 𝜋, ; 𝑛(A) = 2
7
List of subsets of cardinality zero;
List of subsets of cardinality one;
List of subsets of cardinality two;

Number of subsets is =

2. Let B = {1,2,3}; 𝑛(B) = 3

The list of all subsets is =
Let A = {1,2,3………,10} and
m
B= : m, n ∈ A, m < n and gcd (m, n) = 1 .
n

Then n(B) is equal to:

(1) 31 (2) 36
(3) 37 (4) 29 (JEE Main 2025)
Set A has m elements, and Set B has n elements. If the total number of
subsets of A is 112 more than the total number of subsets of B, then the
value of m.n is_. [JEE Main 2020]
Consider the set , A = {1,3}, B = {1,5,9},
C = {1,3,5,7,9}. Which of the following statements are correct?
(A) ϕ ⊂ B as ϕ is a subset of every set.
(B) A ⊄ B as 3 ∈ A and 3 ∉ B
(C) A ⊂ C as 1,3 ∈ A also belongs to C
(D) B ⊂ C as each element of B is also an element of C.
Universal Set

All sets are contained in the universal set.

Example

If A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {2, 4, 5, 6}, C = {1, 3, 5, 7}, then,

Power Set

The set of all subsets of any set A is called the power set of A and is
denoted by P(A).
 A
Example

Let A = {1, 2} 1,2

12
Power set of A

ϕ, {1}, {2}, {1, 2}}

Note

If A = ϕ, then P(A) has one element.

The power set of a given set is always non-empty.

If P(A) denotes power set of A, then which of the following is correct
(A) 𝑛(P(P(P(ϕ)))) = 2
(B) 𝑛(P(P(P(P(ϕ))))) = 8
(C) 𝑛(P(P(ϕ)) + 𝑛(P(P(P(P(ϕ)))) = 18
(D) 𝑛(P(ϕ)) + 𝑛(P(P(ϕ))) = 4
Venn Diagram
Venn Diagram

Venn diagrams are Pictorial representation of sets.

Universal Set is
Represented by a
Rectangle.

Set is Represented by a
circle (or any close curve).
Venn Diagram

Representation of common elements

Common elements of both sets

intersection
Operations on Sets
Union of Two Sets

A ∪ B = {𝑥 : 𝑥 ∈ A or 𝑥 ∈ B}

Symbol of Union

Example
Example

If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {2, 3, 4}, then

A B
2,3
1,2,3 1, 2,3, 4 4,2,3
A B
A ÈB
Venn Diagram for Union of Two Sets

A B
A∪B
Venn Diagram for Union of Three Sets

U
A B

(A ∪ B ∪ C)
Some Properties of Operation of Union

A ∪ B = B ∪ A (Commutative Law)

(A ∪ B) ∪ C = A ∪ (B ∪ C) (Associative Law)

A∪ϕ=
A∪A=
U∪A=
Intersection of Two Sets

A ∩ B = {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 ∈ A and 𝑥 ∈ B}

Symbol of intersection

Example
Example

If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {3, 4, 5}, then

1, 2, 3 3 3, 4, 5
Note

𝑥 ∈ (A ∩ B) ⇔ 𝑥 ∈ A and 𝑥 ∈ B.

If A ∩ B = ϕ, then A, B are disjoint sets.

Example
Venn Diagram for Intersection of Two Sets

A B

A∩B
If A and B are Disjoint Sets:
U

A B

Disjoint Sets
Venn Diagram for Intersection of Three Sets

U A B

C
(A ∩ B ∩ C)
Some Properties of Operation of Intersection

A ∩ B = B ∩ A (Commutative Law)

(A ∩ B) ∩ C = A ∩ (B ∩ C) (Associative Law)

A∩ϕ=

A∩A=

U∩A=
Difference of Two Sets

A − B or A\B = {𝑥 ∶ 𝑥 ∈ A and 𝑥 ∉ B}.

Example

If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {2, 3, 4}, then find:

A−B=

B−A=
Venn Diagram for Difference of Two Sets

U
A−B

A B
A−B

B−A U

A B
B−A
Complement of a Set

ഥ =
A′ or Ac or A

ഥ
𝐀′ 𝐨𝐫 𝐀
Cartesian Product of Two Sets

A × B = {(a, b)| 𝑎 ∈ A and 𝑏 ∈ B}

Example

If A = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐} and B = {1, 2, 3}, then find A × B.

Note

𝑛(A × B) = 𝑛(A) × 𝑛(B)

Symmetric Difference of Two Sets (A𝚫B)

Set of elements which are in either of the set but not in their
intersection

A ∆ B = A – B ∪ B – A OR A ∪ B − (A ∩ B)
Symmetric Difference of Two Sets (A𝚫B)

A∆B=B∆A

A∆ϕ=A
A∆A=ϕ
Let I be the set of integers , N the set of non-negative integers ; N𝑝 the
set of non-positive integers ; E is the set of even integers and P is set
of prime numbers. Then
(A) N ∩ N𝑝 = ϕ (B) I − N = N𝑝
(C) N ∆ N𝑝 = I − {0} (D) E ∩ P = ϕ
Using Venn diagram, Show that
(A − B) ∩ (C − B) = (A ∩ C) − B.
In a school, there are three types of games to be played. Some of the
students play two types of games, but none play all the three games.
Which Venn diagrams can justify the above statement ?
[JEE (Main) 2021, Online]

(A) P and Q (B) P and R

(C) None of these (D) Q and R
If A ⊆ B then which of the following option(s) is/are correct?
(A) A′ ⊆ B′ (B) B′ ⊆ A′
(C) A ∩ B′ = ϕ (D) A′ ∩ B = ϕ
If A and B are any two sets, then A È (A  B) is equal to
(A) A (B) B (C) A′ (D) B′
Some Important Laws

Commutative Law : A ∪ B = B ∪ A ; A ∩ B = B ∩ A

Associative Law : (A ∪ B) ∪ C = A ∪ (B ∪ C) ;
( A ∩ B) ∩ C = A ∩ (B ∩ C)
Distributive Law

(a) A ∪ (B ∩ C) = (A ∪ B) ∩ (A ∪ C)

(b) A ∩ (B ∪ C) = (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ C)
De-Morgan's Law

(a) (A È B)′ = A′  B′
De-Morgan's Law

(b) (A  B)′ = A′ È B′
 Results on
Cardinality of Sets
 Results on Cardinality of Sets

Some Important Results on Cardinality of two Sets

A B
AÈB

(i) 𝑛(A È B) =
(ii) If A, B are disjoint sets, then
(iii) 𝑛(A–B) =
Some Important Results on Cardinality of Three Sets

(i) 𝑛 A ∪ B ∪ C =
Some Important Results on Cardinality of Three Sets
Some Important Results on Cardinality of Three Sets
In a class of 60 students, 25 students play cricket, 20 students play
tennis, and 10 students play both games. Find the number of
students who play neither.
(A) 20 (B) 30 (C) 25 (D) 15
In a group of 50 students, the number of students studying French,
English, Sanskrit were found to be as follows:
French = 17, English = 13, Sanskrit = 15, French and English = 09,
English and Sanskrit = 4, French and Sanskrit = 5, English, French and
Sanskrit = 3.
Find the number of students who study
(i) French only
(ii) English only
(iii) Sanskrit only
(iv) English and Sanskrit
(v) French and Sanskrit but not English
(vi) French and English but not Sanskrit
(vii) at least one of the three languages
Find the number of students who study
(i) French only French English
(ii) English only 6 3
6
(iii) Sanskrit only 3
2 1
(iv) English and Sanskrit
9
(v) French and Sanskrit but not English
Sanskrit
(vi) French and English but not Sanskrit
(vii) at least one of the three languages
The number of 3-digit numbers, that are divisible by 2 and 3, but not
divisible by 4 and 9, is [JEE Main 2025]

A survey shows that 73% of the persons working in an office like

coffee, whereas 65% like tea. If 𝑥 denotes the percentage of them,
who like both coffee and tea, then 𝑥 cannot be: [JEE Main 2020]
(A) 63 (B) 38 (C) 54 (D) 36

An organization awarded 48 medals in event ‘A’, 25 in event ‘B’ and

18 in event ‘C’. If these medals went to total 60 men and only five
men got medals in all the three events, then, how many received
medals in exactly two of three events? [JEE Main 2023]
(A) 10 (B) 9 (C) 21 (D) 15
The number of 3-digit numbers, that are divisible by 2 and 3, but not
divisible by 4 and 9, is [JEE Main 2025]
A survey shows that 73% of the persons working in an office like
coffee, whereas 65% like tea. If 𝑥 denotes the percentage of them,
who like both coffee and tea, then 𝑥 cannot be: [JEE Main 2020]
(A) 63 (B) 38 (C) 54 (D) 36
An organization awarded 48 medals in event ‘A’, 25 in event ‘B’ and
18 in event ‘C’. If these medals went to total 60 men and only five
men got medals in all the three events, then, how many received
medals in exactly two of three events? [JEE Main 2023]
(A) 10 (B) 9 (C) 21 (D) 15
A group of 40 students appeared in an examination of 3 subjects –
Mathematics, Physics & “Chemistry. It was found that all students
passed in at least one of the subjects 20 students passed in
Mathematics, 25 students passed in Physics, 16 students passed in
Chemistry, at most 11 students passed in both Mathematics and
Physics, at most 15 students passed in both Physics and Chemistry,
at most 15 students passed in both Mathematics and Chemistry. The
maximum number of students passed in all the three subjects is
__________ . [JEE Main 2024]
Two newspapers A and B are published in a city. It is known that
25% of the city populations reads A and 20% reads B while 8% reads
both A and B. Further, 30% of those who read A but not B look into
advertisements and 40% of those who read B but not A also look into
advertisements, while 50% of those who read both A and B look into
advertisements. Then the percentage of the population who look into
advertisement is : [JEE Main 2020]
(1) 12.8 (2) 13.5 (3) 13.9 (4)13
Basic Maths
Content

Inequalities
Trivial and SOS Inequality
Wavy curve
Modulus
How to define Modulus
Modulus Equation
Modulus Inequality
Graph of Modulus
Irrational Equation
Irrational Inequality
Equation Reducible to Quadratic
Inequalities
Properties of Inequalities

Property – I

If a > b and b > c then a > c

Property – II (Addition/Subtraction)
Property – III (Multiplication/Division by a Positive Value)
Property – IV (Multiplication/Division by a Negative Value)
Property – V Reciprocal
Only for non − zero reals
{When both numbers have the same sign}
Solve for 𝑥 : 7𝑥 − 8 ≤ 8𝑥 + 4
If − 3 ≤ 𝑥 < 7 then, find the range of 𝑥 2 .
SOS Inequalities
 Trivial Inequality

The square of any real number is non-negative. So if x is real, then x2 ≥ 0.

This is known as Trivial inequality. Equality holds only if x = 0.
Sum of Squares (SOS) Inequality

The sum of squares (SOS) of real numbers is non-negative.

i.e ∑xi2 ≥ 0. This is know as SOS inequality. Equality holds if xi = 0 ∀ i
If x, y, z ∈ R and 121x2 + 4y2 + 9z2 – 22x + 4y + 6z + 3 = 0 then value of
x–1 – y–1 – z–1 is equal to
If 32x2 – 2.3x2 + x + 6 + 32(x + 6) = 0 then the value of x is
(A) – 2 (B) 3 (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these
If 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 ∈ ℝ & 𝑎2 + 4𝑏2 + 10 ≤ 2𝑎 + 12𝑏 then 3𝑎 + 4𝑏 = ……
Sign-Scheme (Wavy Curve) Method

Given 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are polynomials.

𝑓 𝑥
To solve the inequalities of the type ∗ 0 (rational inequalities),
𝑔 𝑥
where '∗' can be > , ≥ , < or ≤ , wavy curve method is used.
Sign-Scheme (Wavy Curve) Method

𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑓(𝑥) ≤ 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑓 𝑥 > 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑓 𝑥 < 𝑔(𝑥)

Steps :
I. Shift all terms to LHS and make RHS = 0

II. Take LCM and try to factorize (with real roots) so that
coefficient of highest power of x (in each factor) is positive.
III. Mark roots of each factor on number line in order.

IV. Mark + Sign on extreme right on number line and change sign
at every root (repeated odd no. of times) where as no sign
change for even no. of times.

V. Write answer according to need of the question.

Find the solutions for 𝑥:

𝑥−3 𝑥+1
>0
𝑥−2
 𝑥−3
≥0
𝑥+1 𝑥+3 𝑥−2
𝑥−2 2 1−𝑥 𝑥−3 3 𝑥−4 2
≤0
𝑥+1
x4 – 5x2 + 4 < 0
 1 1
≤
x+1 x–1
𝑥3 𝑥 − 2 5 − 𝑥
>0
(𝑥2 − 4) 𝑥 + 1
𝑥4 + 𝑥2 + 1
<0
𝑥2 − 4𝑥 − 5
𝑥2 − 7𝑥 + 12
>0
2𝑥2 + 4𝑥 + 5
Find the solutions for 𝑥:

𝑥 − 4 2017 𝑥 + 8 2016 𝑥 + 1 1
≤0
𝑥 2016 𝑥 − 2 3 𝑥 − 6 1 𝑥 + 9 2018
Modulus

For any real number x, modulus or absolute value of 𝑥 is denoted by

𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥≥0
|𝑥| and is defined as 𝑥 = ቊ
−𝑥, 𝑖𝑓 𝑥<0
𝑦
𝑦 = −𝑥 𝑦=𝑥

𝑥
O
How to define Modulus:
Note

𝑥 = −𝑥 ≥ 0

𝑥 = 𝑥2
|𝑥𝑦| = |𝑥| |𝑦|

𝑥 𝑥
= ,𝑦 ≠ 0
𝑦 |𝑦|
|𝑥2| = |𝑥|2 = 𝑥2
 Modular equation

Solve:-
(i) |x| = 5 (ii) |x –1| = 5

(iii) x 2 = 5 (iv) |x – 1| = –1
Solve for 𝑥:

𝑥−2 −3 =6
Solve:
|x + 1| = |x – 1|
Solve for 𝑥:
|𝑥 + 7| = 2(5 − 𝑥)
Solve for 𝑥:
𝑥2 − 3 𝑥 − 4 = 0
Solve for 𝑥:
|𝑥 − 3| + |𝑥 + 3| = 5
The sum of the squares of the roots of |x–2|2 + |x –2| – 2 = 0 and the
squares of the roots of x2 – 2|x –3| –5 = 0, is
(1) 26 (2) 36
(3) 30 (4) 24 [JEE Main 2025]

The number of real roots of the equation x |x –2| + 3| x – 3|+ 1 is

(1) 4 (2) 2
(3) 1 (4) 3 [JEE Main 2025]

The number of solutions of the equation x |x + 5| + 2| x + 7|– 2 is ___ .

[JEE Main 2024]

The number of solutions of the equation

x (x2 + 3|x| + 5| x – 1|+ 6|x –2|) is ______ . [JEE Main 2024]
The sum of the squares of the roots of |x–2|2 + |x –2| – 2 = 0 and the
squares of the roots of x2 – 2|x –3| –5 = 0, is
(1) 26 (2) 36
(3) 30 (4) 24 [JEE Main 2025]
The number of real roots of the equation x |x –2| + 3| x – 3|+ 1 is
(1) 4 (2) 2
(3) 1 (4) 3 [JEE Main 2025]
The number of solutions of the equation x |x + 5| + 2| x + 7|– 2 is ___ .
[JEE Main 2024]
The number of solutions of the equation
x (x2 + 3|x| + 5| x – 1|+ 6|x –2|) is ______ . [JEE Main 2024]
Graph of Modulus function
Find no. of solution:
|𝑥 − 3| + |𝑥 + 3| = 5
Draw Graph of :
𝑦 = 𝑥 + 2 − |𝑥 − 5|
Draw Graph of :
𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3 − |𝑥|
Modulus Inequalities

x2 – 5x + 6
>0
|x| + 6
Solve for x:
x+3
>0
|x2 + 3x + 2|
Solve:
(i) |x – 1| > – 7 (ii) |x + 1| < – 7
 Properties of modulus function

P – 1: |f(x)| ≥ a ⇒ f(x) ≥ a or f(x) ≤ – a, where a is positive.

|x| ≥ 5
Solve for x:
|x| > 9
Solve for x:
|x – 2| ≥ 1
Solve for x:
|2x| – 7 > 0
 Properties of modulus function

P – 2: |f(x)| ≤ a ⇒ – a ≤ f(x) ≤ a, where a is positive

Solve for x :
|2x – 5| < 1
4 < |2x – 2| < 10
Let A = {x∈ ℝ:|x + 1|<2} and B = {x∈ ℝ :|x –1|≥2} . Then which one of
the following statements is NOT true ? [JEE Main 2022]
(1) A – B = (–1,1) (2) B – A = ℝ –(–3,1)
(3) A ∩ B = (–3,–1] (4) A ∪ B = ℝ – [1,3)
 Properties of modulus function

P – 3: |x| > |y| ⇒ x2 > y2

x2 – y2 > 0
(x – y)(x + y) > 0
Find x if
|x – 5| > |2x – 1|
2𝑥 − 1
>2
𝑥−1
Find x if
|x + 1| + |x – 4| > 7
 Properties of modulus function

P – 5: |x + y| = |x| + |y|⇒ xy ≥ 0

Find x if |x + 1| + |x – 1| = |2x|
 x x2
If equation |x| + = is always true then find x.
x – 1 |x – 1|
 Properties of modulus function

P – 6: |x – y| = |x| + |y|⇒ xy ≤ 0

Find x if |2x| + |x – 1| = |x + 1|
Irrational Equations

2x + 3 – 3x – 5 = 1
Irrational Equations

x + 1 + 2 2x – 3 = –3
Irrational Inequalities

Type 1

f(x) > < Constant

x>1
x–2
> –1
1 – 2x
Type 2

f(x) > < ≤ ≥ Variable

2 x–1<x
x + 18 < 2 – x
x2 – x > (x – 1)
 Type 1

2
𝑎 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑏(𝑓(𝑥)) + 𝑐 = 0, where 𝑓(𝑥) is expression of 𝑥

𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠:
The product of all the rational roots of the equation
(x2 – 9x +11)2 – (x – 4) (x – 5) = 3, is equal to :
(1) 14 (2) 7
(3) 28 (4) 21 [JEE Main 2025]

9 9 2 7
The number of solutions of the equation – +2 – + 3 =0
x x x x
is : [JEE Main 2025]
(1) 2 (2) 4 (3) 1 (4) 3

The number of real solutions of the equation

1 1
3 𝑥2 + –2 𝑥 + + 5 = 0, is [JEE Main 2023]
𝑥2 𝑥

(1) 4 (2) 0 (3) 3 (4) 2

Solve: 9𝑥+2 − 6 ∙ 3𝑥+1 + 1 = 0

The product of all the rational roots of the equation
(x2 – 9x +11)2 – (x – 4) (x – 5) = 3, is equal to :
(1) 14 (2) 7
(3) 28 (4) 21 [JEE Main 2025]
 9 9 2 7
The number of solutions of the equation – +2 – + 3 =0
x x x x
is : [JEE Main 2025]
(1) 2 (2) 4
(3) 1 (4) 3
The number of real solutions of the equation
1 1
3 𝑥2 + –2 𝑥 + + 5 = 0, is [JEE Main 2023]
𝑥2 𝑥

(1) 4 (2) 0
(3) 3 (4) 2
Solve: 9𝑥+2 − 6 ∙ 3𝑥+1 + 1 = 0
 Type 2

(𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 + 𝑐)(𝑥 + 𝑑) + e = 0 when 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 𝑎 + 𝑑

𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠:
Solve: 𝑥 𝑥 + 1 𝑥 + 2 𝑥 + 3 = 8 (where x∈ ℝ)
 Type 3

(𝑥 + 𝑎)(𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑥 + 𝑐)(𝑥 + 𝑑) + 𝑒𝑥 2 = 0, where 𝑎𝑑 = 𝑏𝑐

𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠:
Solve: (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 + 6) = 3𝑥 2 (𝑥 ϵ ℝ)
 Type 4

𝑎𝑥 4 + 𝑏𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑥 2 + 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑒 = 0, where 𝑎 = 𝑒 & 𝑏 = ± d

𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠:
The sum of the cubes of all the roots of the equation :
𝑥 4 – 3𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 + 1 = 10 is _________. [JEE Main 2022]
The number of real solutions of the equation :
𝑒 4𝑥 + 4𝑒 3𝑥 − 58𝑒 2𝑥 + 4𝑒𝑥 + 1 = 0 is _________. [JEE Main 2022]
 Type 5

𝑚𝑎2𝑥 + 𝑛 𝑎𝑏 𝑥 + 𝑟𝑏 2𝑥 = 0 (𝑎 & 𝑏 > 0)

𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠:
Solve: 32𝑥+2 + 5 ∙ 6𝑥 − 4𝑥+1 = 0
Solve: 3 ∙ 4𝑥 + 2 ∙ 9𝑥 = 5 ∙ 6𝑥
 Type 6

𝑚 ∙ 𝑎𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑛 ∙ 𝑏𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑟 = 0, where 𝑎𝑏 = 1, 𝑎 & 𝑏 > 0

and 𝑓(𝑥) is expression of 𝑥

𝐌𝐞𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐝 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐯𝐢𝐧𝐠:
 𝑥 𝑥
Let S = {𝑥 ∈ ℝ ∶ 3+ 2 + 3− 2 = 10}. Then the number
of elements in S is : [JEE Main 2024]
(1) 4 (2) 0
(3) 2 (4) 1
 𝑥 𝑥
Solve: 3+ 2 + 3− 2 −2 3=0