Aga Khan

Grade 4 Mathematics Unit 5 — Teacher Reference Lesson

School, Mirpur Geometry Plan + Practice

Sakro
LESSON OVERVIEW — Unit 5: Geometry (5 Topics)

Topic Content Key Formula Time

1. Circle Centre, Radius, Diameter, Circumference Diameter = Radius × 2 8 min

2. Perimeter Distance around square and rectangle P = 2(L+B) or 4×Side 8 min

3. Area Space inside square and rectangle A = L×B or Side×Side 8 min

4. 3D Shapes Faces, Edges, Vertices of 3D shapes Memorize the table 8 min

5. Symmetry Lines of symmetry in 2D shapes Fold test 8 min

TOPIC 1 Circle — Parts and Measurements ■ 8 min

■ TEACHER KNOWLEDGE: Parts of a Circle

Centre: The middle point of the circle. Every point on the circle is equal distance from the centre.

Radius: A line from the CENTRE to any point on the circle boundary. Always HALF of diameter.

Diameter: A line that passes through the CENTRE joining two points on the circle. Always DOUBLE the radius.

Circumference: The OUTLINE (boundary) of the circle — like the perimeter of a circle.

Key relationships:

Diameter = Radius × 2 | Radius = Diameter ÷ 2

If Radius = 5cm → Diameter = 10cm

If Diameter = 12cm → Radius = 6cm

✏ Board Examples — Write on board, students label

Draw a circle on board. Label: Centre (O), Radius (OA), Diameter (AB), Circumference (the outline)

Example 1: Radius = 7cm → Diameter = 7 × 2 = 14cm

Example 2: Radius = 9cm → Diameter = 9 × 2 = 18cm

Example 3: Diameter = 16cm → Radius = 16 ÷ 2 = 8cm

Example 4: Diameter = 20cm → Radius = 20 ÷ 2 = 10cm

■ TIP: Draw the circle large on board. Use different colors for radius, diameter and circumference so students can clearly see the
difference!

■ STUDENT PRACTICE: Circle — 6 Questions (Students solve in notebook)

1. Radius = 5cm → Diameter = ?

2. Radius = 12cm → Diameter = ?

3. Diameter = 18cm → Radius = ?

4. Diameter = 30cm → Radius = ?

5. A circle has radius 8cm. What is its diameter?

6. A wheel has diameter 24cm. What is its radius?

Answer Key (Teacher only): 1) 10cm 2) 24cm 3) 9cm 4) 15cm 5) 16cm 6) 12cm

TOPIC 2 Perimeter of Square and Rectangle ■ 8 min

■ TEACHER KNOWLEDGE: Perimeter — Distance Around a Shape

Perimeter: The total distance around the outside of a shape. Measured in cm, m, inches.

Perimeter of Rectangle:

Rectangle has 2 lengths and 2 breadths (widths)

P = L + B + L + B → P = 2L + 2B → P = 2(L + B)

Example: L = 10cm, B = 5cm → P = 2(10+5) = 2×15 = 30cm

Perimeter of Square:

Square has 4 EQUAL sides

P = Side + Side + Side + Side → P = 4 × Side

Example: Side = 6cm → P = 4×6 = 24cm

✏ Board Examples — Write step by step

Rectangle Example 1: L = 8cm, B = 3cm

P = 2(L + B) = 2(8 + 3) = 2 × 11 = 22cm ■

Rectangle Example 2: L = 15cm, B = 5cm

P = 2(15 + 5) = 2 × 20 = 40cm ■

Square Example 1: Side = 5cm

P = 4 × 5 = 20cm ■

Square Example 2: Side = 9cm

P = 4 × 9 = 36cm ■

■ TIP: Common mistake: students add only 2 sides instead of all 4! Remind them rectangle has TWO lengths and TWO breadths.

■ STUDENT PRACTICE: Perimeter — 6 Questions (Students solve in notebook)

1. Rectangle: L = 6cm, B = 4cm → Perimeter = ?

2. Rectangle: L = 12cm, B = 7cm → Perimeter = ?

3. Rectangle: L = 9cm, B = 3cm → Perimeter = ?

4. Square: Side = 8cm → Perimeter = ?

5. Square: Side = 11cm → Perimeter = ?

6. A garden is 15m long and 8m wide. What is its perimeter?

Answer Key (Teacher only): 1) 20cm 2) 38cm 3) 24cm 4) 32cm 5) 44cm 6) 46m

TOPIC 3 Area of Square and Rectangle ■ 8 min

■ TEACHER KNOWLEDGE: Area — Space Inside a Shape

Area: The amount of SPACE INSIDE a shape. Measured in SQUARE units — cm², m².

Area of Rectangle:

A = Length × Breadth → A = L × B
Example: L = 10cm, B = 5cm → A = 10 × 5 = 50 cm²

Area of Square:

A = Side × Side → A = S × S

Example: Side = 4cm → A = 4 × 4 = 16 cm²

KEY DIFFERENCE — Perimeter vs Area:

Perimeter = ADD all sides → unit is cm

Area = MULTIPLY length × breadth → unit is cm² (square)

✏ Board Examples — Write step by step

Rectangle Example 1: L = 6cm, B = 4cm

A = L × B = 6 × 4 = 24 cm² ■

Rectangle Example 2: L = 12cm, B = 5cm

A = 12 × 5 = 60 cm² ■

Square Example 1: Side = 7cm

A = 7 × 7 = 49 cm² ■

Square Example 2: Side = 9cm

A = 9 × 9 = 81 cm² ■

■ TIP: Most common mistake: students write cm instead of cm² for area! Always remind — area is in SQUARE units so always
write cm²!

■ STUDENT PRACTICE: Area — 6 Questions (Students solve in notebook)

1. Rectangle: L = 8cm, B = 5cm → Area = ?

2. Rectangle: L = 11cm, B = 4cm → Area = ?

3. Rectangle: L = 7cm, B = 6cm → Area = ?

4. Square: Side = 6cm → Area = ?

5. Square: Side = 10cm → Area = ?

6. A room is 9m long and 5m wide. What is its area?

Answer Key (Teacher only): 1) 40cm² 2) 44cm² 3) 42cm² 4) 36cm² 5) 100cm² 6) 45m²

TOPIC 4 3D Shapes — Faces, Edges and Vertices ■ 8 min

■ TEACHER KNOWLEDGE: 3D Shapes — Key Vocabulary

3D = Three Dimensional — shapes that have LENGTH, WIDTH and HEIGHT

Face = A flat or curved SURFACE on a 3D shape

Edge = Where TWO faces MEET (the line between faces)

Vertex (Vertices) = A CORNER POINT where edges meet

Shape Faces Edges Vertices Real Life Example

Cube 6 12 8 Dice, ice cube

Cuboid 6 12 8 Brick, book, box

Cylinder 3 2 0 Tin can, pipe

Cone 2 1 1 Ice cream cone

Sphere 1 0 0 Ball, orange

■ TIP: Draw each 3D shape on board and point to faces, edges and vertices while counting. Students can also count on their
fingers!

■ STUDENT PRACTICE: 3D Shapes — 6 Questions (Students solve in notebook)

1. How many faces does a cube have?

2. How many edges does a cylinder have?

3. A shape has 6 faces, 12 edges, 8 vertices — what is it?

4. How many vertices does a cone have?

5. Which shape has 0 edges and 0 vertices?

6. Name a real life example of a cylinder.

Answer Key (Teacher only): 1) 6 2) 2 3) Cube or Cuboid 4) 1 5) Sphere 6) Tin can / pipe / bottle

TOPIC 5 Symmetry — Lines of Symmetry ■ 8 min

■ TEACHER KNOWLEDGE: Symmetry — Key Concepts

Symmetry: When a shape can be divided into TWO EQUAL HALVES that are mirror images of each other.

Line of Symmetry: The line that divides the shape into two equal mirror halves.

Simple test: Imagine FOLDING the shape along the line — if both halves match perfectly = it is symmetrical!

Lines of symmetry for common shapes:

Square → 4 lines of symmetry (horizontal, vertical, 2 diagonal)

Rectangle → 2 lines of symmetry (horizontal and vertical ONLY — NO diagonal!)

Circle → Infinite lines of symmetry (any line through centre)

Equilateral Triangle → 3 lines of symmetry

Irregular shapes → 0 lines of symmetry

✏ Board Examples — Draw and demonstrate

1. Draw a SQUARE on board → show 4 lines of symmetry (horizontal, vertical, diagonal x2)

2. Draw a RECTANGLE → show only 2 lines (NOT diagonal — fold test fails diagonally!)

3. Draw a CIRCLE → show that ANY line through centre is a line of symmetry

4. Draw a HEART shape → show 1 line of symmetry (vertical only)

5. Draw an IRREGULAR shape → show it has NO lines of symmetry

Key question to ask students: 'If I fold this shape here — do both sides match perfectly?'

■ TIP: Let students fold a piece of paper to check symmetry physically! It's the easiest way for Grade 4 to understand. Also
remind: rectangle diagonal does NOT work — a common mistake!

■ STUDENT PRACTICE: Symmetry — 6 Questions (Students answer in notebook)

1. How many lines of symmetry does a square have?

2. How many lines of symmetry does a rectangle have?

3. Does a rectangle have diagonal lines of symmetry? (Yes/No)

4. How many lines of symmetry does a circle have?

5. An equilateral triangle has how many lines of symmetry?

6. Does an irregular shape have any lines of symmetry? (Yes/No)

Answer Key (Teacher only): 1) 4 2) 2 3) No 4) Infinite 5) 3 6) No

QUICK REFERENCE CARD — Keep this handy while teaching!

Circle Perimeter Area 3D Shapes Symmetry

Diameter=R×2 Rectangle: P=2(L+B) Rectangle: A=L×B Cube:6F,12E,8V Square=4 lines
Radius=D÷2 Square: P=4×Side Square: A=S×S Unit: Cuboid:6F,12E,8V Rectangle=2 lines
Circumference=outline Unit: cm cm² Cylinder:3F,2E,0V Circle=infinite
Cone:2F,1E,1V Triangle=3 lines
Sphere:1F,0E,0V Irregular=0