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Chapter 28 Study Guide: The Reproductive System
1. Matching: Structure and Function of the Male Reproductive System.
Testes __F___ A. Subcutaneous smooth muscle of the scrotum.
Scrotum _H____ B. The formation of sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the
testes.
Dartos muscle _A____ C. Series of small bands of skeletal muscle that descend as an
extension of the internal oblique muscle through the spermatic cord
to surround the testes.
Cremaster muscle ___C__ D. A type of cell that secretes testosterone; located between
seminiferous tubules. Also known as a Leydig cell.
Seminiferous tubules __J___ E. Spermatogenic cells formed after meiosis I that enter meiosis II.
Spermatogenesis ___B__ F. Male gonads.
Spermiogenesis __G___ G. The process of maturation of spermatids into sperm.
Sustentacular cells ___K__ H. Supporting structure for the testes, consists of loose skin and
underlying subcutaneous layer.
Spermatogonia __N___ I. Site of sperm maturation - the process by which sperm acquire
motility and the ability to fertilize.
Secondary spermatocyte _E_ J. A tightly coiled duct, located in the testis, where sperm are
produced (site of spermatogenesis).
Spermatids __L__ K. A supporting cell in the seminiferous tubules that nourishes,
supports, prepares, releases sperm and forms the blood-testis
barrier. Also called a Sertoli cell.
Interstitial cells ____D_ L. The four haploid cells resulting from meiosis II but prior to
spermiogenesis.
Epididymis ___I__ M. The duct that carries sperm from the epididymis to the
ejaculatory duct.
Vas deferens __M__ N. Stem cells in the seminiferous tubules that undergo mitosis or
differentiate and become primary spermatocytes that enter meiosis.
Inguinal canal ___D__ O. A passageway in the anterior abdominal wall between the
abdominopelvic cavity and scrotum.
Corpus spongiosum ___P__ P. The erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra - keeps urethra
open during ejaculation.
Corpora cavernosa ___Q__ Q. The two cylindrical masses of erectile tissue within the penis.
Ejactulatory duct ___T__ R. The foreskin surrounding the glans penis.
Seminal vesicles __X___ S. The glands that secrete an alkaline mucus that neutralizes
acidity and lubricates the end of the penis and the lining of the
urethra.
Prostate gland ___V__ T. The tubes that transport sperm from the vas deferens to the
prostatic urethra.
Bulbourethral glands ___S__ U. hormone produced by anterior pituitary that stimulates
testosterone secretion by Leydig cells.
Glans penis ___Z_ V. The gland that secretes a milky, slightly acidic fluid that contains
several substances that promote viability and motility of sperm.
Prepuce ___R__ W. hormone secreted by Leydig cells needed for development of
sperm; together with a second androgen termed
dihydrotestosterone (DHT), controls the growth and development
of male reproductive organs, secondary sex characteristics, and
body growth.
Luteinizing hormone ___U__ X. The glands that secrete an alkaline, viscous fluid that contains
fructose (a monosaccharide sugar), prostaglandins, and clotting
proteins that are different from those in blood.
Follicle-stimulating hormone_Y_Y. hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary initiates sperm
production in males.
Testosterone __W__ Z. The slightly enlarged region at the distal end of the penis.
2. Matching: Structure and Function of the Female Reproductive System.
Ovaries __D__ A. Organ is the site of implantation of an embryo and development
of the fetus during pregnancy.
Uterine (Fallopian) tubes __C__B. receives the penis during sexual intercourse and is the final
passageway for childbirth.
Uterus ____A_ C. transport a secondary oocyte to the uterus and normally are the
sites where fertilization occurs.
Vagina ___B__ D. female gonads - produce secondary oocytes and hormones,
including progesterone and estrogens, inhibin, and relaxin.
Mons pubis __H_ E. The inner (mucous membrane) layer the uterus.
Clitoris __K__ F. Narrow portion of the uterus that opens to the vagina.
Myometrium __O__ G. A white fibrous patch in the ovary that forms after the corpus
luteum degenerates and no longer produces hormones.
Endometrium __E__ H. The rounded, fatty prominence over the pubic symphysis,
covered by coarse pubic hair.
Cervix ___F_ I. A yellowish structure in the ovary formed when the follicle has
discharged its secondary oocyte; secretes estrogens,
progesterone, relaxin, and inhibin.
Mature (Graafian) follicle __M_ J. 3 haploid cells formed during oogenesis which lack the ability to
be fertilized.
Corpus luteum ____I_ K. The erectile organ of the female, located at the anterior junction
of the labia minora, that is homologous to the male penis.
Corpus albicans __G___ L. Formation (meiosis) of female gametes (oocytes).
Zona pellucida _P____ M. A large, fluid-filled follicle containing a secondary oocyte and
surrounding granulosa cells that secrete estrogens.
Corona radiata ___N__ N. The innermost layer of granulosa cells that is firmly attached to
the zona pellucida around a secondary oocyte – protects oocyte
after ovulation.
Stratum functionalis ___R__ O. The smooth muscle layer of the uterus.
Polar body __J___ P. Clear glycoprotein layer between a secondary oocyte and the
surrounding corona radiata - required to initiate release of enzymes
from the acrosome of the sperm.
Oogenesis ___L__ Q. The single cell (with 46 chromosomes) resulting from the union
of male and female gametes.
Secondary oocyte __U___ R. The layer of the endometrium that is shed during menstruation
and that forms the maternal portion of the placenta during
gestation.
Diploid zygote ___Q__ S. Stage of embryo 3-4 days after fertilization - a solid ball of stem
cells.
Morula __S___ T. Stage of embryo 4.5-5 days after fertilization - a hollow ball of
cells that implant in endometrium roughly day 6.
Blastocyst _T____ U. Cell stage that is ovulated from the mature ovarian (Graafian)
follicle.
3. Matching: Hormones of the Female Reproductive System.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone __E___ A. hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that
triggers ovulation and then promotes formation of the
corpus luteum.
Follicle-stimulating hormone ___C__ B. secreted mainly by the corpus luteum, cooperates
with estrogens to prepare and maintain the
endometrium for implantation of a fertilized ovum and
to prepare the mammary glands for milk secretion.
High levels inhibit secretion of GnRH and LH. Low
levels during menstration.
Luteinizing hormone __A___ C. hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that
initiates follicular growth and further development of
the ovarian follicles. Higher levels before ovulation.
Estrogen __G___ D. hormone produced by the embryo and developing
placenta that maintains the corpus luteum. Target of
home pregnancy tests.
Progesterone ___B__ E. hormone secreted by the hypothalamus that
stimulates the release of follicle-stimulating hormone
(FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior
pituitary. Triggers the onset of Puberty.
Prolactin __F___ F. hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary to
stimulate milk production by mammary glands.
hormone produced by the hypothalamus, secreted by
the posterior pituitary to stimulated milk ejection ("let
down").
Oxytocin ___I__ G. hormone promotes the development and
maintenance of female reproductive structures,
secondary sex characteristics, and the breasts;
Increase protein anabolism, including the building of
strong bones; stimulates proliferation of the stratum
basalis to form a new stratum functionalis. Low
levels during menstration.
Relaxin ___H__ H. hormone produced by the ovaries and placenta
that increases flexibility of the pubic symphysis and
helps dilate the uterine cervix to ease delivery of a
baby.
Human chorionic gonadotropin _D____ I. hormone produced by the hypothalamus, secreted
by the posterior pituitary to stimulated milk ejection
("let down").
4. Reproductive Organs: Identify the organs/structures.