1.
Five Qualities of a Good Report.
1. Clarity: It should be easy to read and understand. No big, confusing words.
2. Accuracy: All the facts, numbers, and names must be correct.
[Link]: Don't write too much. Just give the important information.
4. Neatness: A good report should be well-arranged with headings so it looks organized.
5. No Bias: The writer should tell the truth about what happened without taking sides.
2.
Think of a register as the "social filter" you use when you talk. Just like you wouldn't wear
pajamas to a wedding or a tuxedo to the gym, you change your words depending on who you
are talking to and where you are.
Here are the five types of register.
1. Frozen Register (The "Never Changes" Style):
This is language that is set in stone. It is always recited or written exactly the same way every
time.
Example: Reciting the National Anthem or the Pledge of Allegiance during morning assembly.
The words never change, no matter who says them.
2. Formal Register (The "Professional" Style):
This is serious, polite, and follows all the grammar rules. You use it when you want to show
respect or provide important information.
Example: Writing an essay for your English teacher or giving a presentation in front of the class.
You avoid slang and use full sentences.
3. Consultative Register (The "Talking to Adults" Style):
This is the standard way we talk to people who aren't our close friends, but we still expect an
answer from them. It’s polite but conversational.
Example: Talking to a guidance counselor about your grades or asking a librarian for help
finding a book. You are being respectful, but it's a back-and-forth conversation.
4. Casual Register (The "Friend" Style):
This is how you talk when you’re relaxed. You use slang, inside jokes, and "text speak."
Grammar doesn't really matter here.
Example: Chatting with your best friends at the lunch table or sending a quick message in the
group chat. You might say "What's up?" instead of "How are you doing?"
5. Intimate Register (The "Family" Style):
This is for the people you are closest to in the world, like your parents or siblings. You might not
even need full sentences because you know each other so well.
Example: A quick nickname or a "look" you give your sibling in the hallway that tells them
exactly what you’re thinking without saying a word.
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Here are the 5 main factors that affect the register you choose:
1. The Audience ( Who are you talking to?):
Your audience is the most important factor. If you are talking to someone with authority or
someone you do not know well, like a principal or a visitor, use a formal register.
Example: “Good morning, Sir. May I ask a question?”
If you are talking to a close friend or family member, use an informal register.
Example: “Hi, how are you? Can you help me with this question?”
2. The Subject Matter (What are you talking about?):
Technical or serious subjects, such as medicine, law, or science, usually require a formal
register with special vocabulary.
Example: “The patient needs surgery.”
Everyday subjects, such as sports, food, or the weather, allow for a casual register with simple
words.
Example: “Did you watch the football match yesterday?”
3. The Speaker’s or Writer’s Attitude (How do you feel?):
If you want to sound neutral and professional, keep a formal register.
Example: “The results show that students performed well.”
If you want to express strong feelings, like excitement or anger, you may use an informal
register.
Example: “I am very upset about this!”
4. The Context of Communication (Where are you?):
Formal settings, such as a courtroom, church, or school assembly, require a formal register.
Informal settings, such as a family dinner or a sports event, allow for a casual register.
You would not use slang during a formal school ceremony.
5. The Medium or Channel (How are you) communicating?:
Written communication, such as essays, reports, and official letters, is usually more formal. It
follows strict grammar and structure.
Spoken communication and instant messaging are often more casual and spontaneous. People
use contractions, slang, and shorter sentences.
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Main Items of a Business Letter
1. Your Address: Written at the top right corner.
2. The Date: Written just below your address.
3. Receiver’s Address: The address of the person or office you are writing to (on the left side).
Greetings: Usually "Dear Sir" or "Dear Madam."
4. Title/Heading: A short line in capital letters telling the reader the topic of the letter.
5. The Body: The main parts where you explain why you are writing.
6. Ending: Usually "Yours faithfully," followed by your signature and name.
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Dear Sir,
APPLICATION FOR THE POSITION OF SENIOR CLERK
I wish to apply for the post of Senior Clerk in your company. I recently finished my secondary
school education and I have good skills in typing and keeping records.
I am a hardworking person and I am very good at mathematics and organizing files. If I am
given this job, I promise to work very well and help the company grow.
I have attached my results to this letter for you to see. I hope to hear from you soon.
Yours faithfully,
Techniques for Writing for Publication.
1. Planning: Deciding what you want to write about before you start.
2. Gathering Facts: Looking for information in books or on the internet.
3. Using Outline: Making a list of the main points you want to cover.
4. Simple Language: Writing in a way that regular people can understand.
5. Reviewing: Reading through your work to fix spelling mistakes before printing it.