Periods of Fodder Shortage
• Managing Fluctuation in Feed & Forages
– Maintain Availability
– Keep Eye on Nutritive Value
TRADITIONAL PATTERN OF FODDER CROPS IN IRRIGATED PUNJAB
Rape +
Barseem
Barseem
Multicut
Sorghum
Cowpeas
Maize
Maize
Sorghum Sorghum
AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG
Periods of Fodder Shortage
• Managing Fluctuation in Feed & Forages
– Maintain Availability
– Keep Eye on Nutritive Value
Agronomic base classification
[Link] crops • A grass grown for its edible seed. • Also known as grain crops. •
Examples are wheat, maize, rice, barley, oat, rye, triticale, sorghum and millet.
Agronomic use classification rye
2. Forage crops • Crops which are grazed by the animals or harvested for green
chop, hay and silage. • Plant material with a dry matter fiber content over 25%. •
When these are harvested as whole plants and cured for animal feed, they are
termed as Fodder. • Mostly belongs to Gramineae or Leguminoseae • Examples are:
Maize, sorghum, grasses, clover etc. Agronomic use classification
[Link] Crops • Crops which are grown for their fiber. • These are used in making
textile, ropes and rugs. • Examples are: Cotton, jute ((پٹ سن, flax, sunhemp (,)پٹوا
kenaf and sisal. Agronomic use classification CottonJute Flax Sunhemp KenafSisal
Rug
[Link] crops Grown for their sugar contents. Examples are: Sugarcane, sugar beet,
sweet sorghum Agronomic use classification
[Link] crops • Crops which are grown for the purpose of extracting oil from their
seeds. • Examples are: Rape and mustard, peanut, sunflower, safflower, soybean,
sesame, casterbean, linseed etc. Agronomic use classification Rape and mustard
Sunflower Safflower Soybean Sesame Casterbean
[Link] or grain legumes • Crops belong to family Liguminoseae and are grown for
their edible seed. • Examples are: Chickpea, pigeon pea, cow pea or lobia, mung
bean, mash bean, faba bean, field bean, lima bean, lentil etc. Agronomic use
classification Chickpea Pigeon pea Mung bean
[Link] and tuber crops • Vegetable crops grown for under ground parts like root, bulb,
rhizomes, corms and stem tubers. • Examples are: • Carrot, radish, turnip, onion, garlic,
calocasia (taro), potato etc. Agronomic use classification Taro
[Link] and tuber crops Bulb: A rounded underground storage organ present in some
plants, notably those of the lily family, consisting of a short stem surrounded by fleshy
scale leaves or leaf bases, lying dormant over winter, e.g. onion Rhizome: A continuously
growing horizontal underground stem which puts out lateral shoots and adventitious roots
at intervals, e.g. ginger Agronomic use classification
[Link] and tuber crops Corms : A rounded underground storage organ present in
consisting of a swollen stem base covered with scale leaves. It is not true bulb, e.g. Taro
and Chinese water chesnut Tuber: A much thickened underground part of a stem or
rhizome, serving as a food reserve and bearing buds from which new plants arise, e.g. in
the potato Agronomic use classification
[Link] or drug crops Those crops which have some narcotic or drug value. Examples
are: Poppy, Tobacco, Tea, Coffee, pepper- mint. Agronomic use classification Poppy
Tobacco Tea Coffee Mint
[Link] or garden crops • Crops which are grown for their edible leaves, shoots,
flower, fruits and seeds. • Examples are: Asparagus, Broccoli, Cabbage, Cauliflower,
Spinach, Cucumber, Pumpkin, Tomato, eggplant, okra etc. Agronomic use classification
Asparagus Broccoli Eggplant
Life cycle based classification
1. Annual crops • Crops which produce seed and complete their life cycle within one
year. • Examples are: Wheat, maize barley. Life cycle based classification
2. Biennial crops • During the first year, these crops which grow vegetatively and reserve
food in their roots or other plant parts. • During the second year, the reserved food is
utilized to produce flower and fruits. • Examples are: Sugar beet, radish, carrot and
turnip Life cycle based classification
3 Perennial crops • Crops which grow for more than two years. • They may produce seed
each year but their life span is more than two years. • These have regenerative power to
sprout from their stubble after harvesting. • Examples are: Sugarcane and alfalfa Life
cycle based classification
Classification of crops on basis of season
1. Kharif / summer crops Those crops which are planted in summer months from April to
June and harvested in autumn or winter from October to November. Examples are:
Maize, Millet, Sorghum, sunflower, groundnut, rice, cotton, mung bean, mash bean
2. Rabi / winter crops Those crops which are planted in winter months from October to
November and harvested in summer from April to May. Examples are: Wheat, barley,
oat, canola, lentil, chickpea Classification of crops on basis of season
3. Zaid kharif / autumn crops Those crops which are planted in August- September and
harvested in December-January. Example are: Toria
4. Zaid rabi / Spring crops Those crops which are planted in February-March and
harvested in May-June. Example are: Tobacco
Classification on basis of climate
1. Temperate zone crops • Crops plants are winter hardy and tolerate very low temperature. Can
tolerate Chilling temperature. • Grow in latitude between 30° North and 50° south. • Example of region
are: kalam, Swat, Chitral and Gilgit. • Examples of crops are: Wheat, Oat and rye Chilling temperatures
extend from freezing point to, depending on the model, 7 °C(45 °F) or even 16 °C (60 °F).
2. Tropical zone crops • Crops grow where frost does not occur during the growing season. • Normal
growth is affected by temperature below 10°C. • Grow in latitude between 20° North and 20° south. •
Plants are killed at freezing temperature. • Example of region are: Multan, bahawalpur, DI khan,
Peshawar, mardan, Hyderabad etc. • Examples of crops are: Sugarcane,maize,sorghum, mango,
pineapple etc.
3. Sub-tropical zone crops • Crops can tolerate some sub-freezing temperature, i.e. below 0°C (below
freezing point of water). • Fruits plants are killed by temperature below -7°C. • Grow in latitude
between 25° North and 40° south. • Example of region are: Sargoda, sialkot, Mardan, nawabshah,
Mekran etc • Examples of crops are: citrus, date, fig and pomegranate etc.
Classification on basis of nutrient uptake
1. Restorative crops • Crops which return nutrient and organic matter to the soil. • Examples are:
Berseem, alfalfa, soybean etc
2. Exhaustive crops • Crops which feed heavily on the soil and deplete soil nutrients. • Examples are:
sorghum, tobacco, sunflower etc.