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Unit 3 Compressor

The document discusses compressors, categorizing them into two main types: positive displacement machines (such as reciprocating, rotary, scroll, and screw compressors) and non-positive displacement machines (like centrifugal compressors). It explains the operational principles of dynamic compressors, specifically centrifugal and axial flow types, and details the functioning of rotary and reciprocating compressors. Additionally, it includes graphs and tables related to compressor operating conditions and presents problems related to compressor efficiency.

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3 views36 pages

Unit 3 Compressor

The document discusses compressors, categorizing them into two main types: positive displacement machines (such as reciprocating, rotary, scroll, and screw compressors) and non-positive displacement machines (like centrifugal compressors). It explains the operational principles of dynamic compressors, specifically centrifugal and axial flow types, and details the functioning of rotary and reciprocating compressors. Additionally, it includes graphs and tables related to compressor operating conditions and presents problems related to compressor efficiency.

Uploaded by

greataayush3
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Applied Thermodynamics

MEC2210

Dr. Mohammad Asif


MED, AMU
Compressors

Dr. M. Asif, MED


Dr. M. Asif, MED
Compressors
For the mechanical compressor, fundamentally, there are two types of
machines:
(i) Positive displacement machines, viz., reciprocating, rotary, scroll and
screw compressors.
➢ Positive displacement machines ensure positive admission and delivery
preventing undesired reversal of flow within the machine as achieved by the use
of valves in the case of reciprocating compressors.
➢ They have intermittent operation, subjecting the fluid to non-flow
processes, and work is transferred by virtue of a hydrostatic force on the
moving boundary.
➢ However, positive displacement machines can also be regarded as open
systems being steadily supplied with the working fluid although the internal
processes are intermittent as in a closed system.
(ii) Non-positive displacement machines, viz., centrifugal compressors.
➢ Non-positive displacement machines, viz., centrifugal compressors have no
means to prevent the reversal of flow.
➢ The fluid is subject to flow processes and the work is transferred by virtue
Dr. M. Asif, of the change of momentum of a stream of fluid flowing at a high speed
MED
What are dynamic compressors?

The dynamic compressor is continuous flow


compressor is characterized by rotating impeller to
add velocity and thus pressure to fluid.

It is widely used in chemical and petroleum refinery


industry for specific services.

There are two types of dynamic compressors


▪ Centrifugal Compressor
▪ Axial Flow Compressor
Rotary compressors
➢The gas is compressed by the
rotating action of a roller inside a
cylinder.

➢The roller rotates off-centre around


a shaft so that part of the roller is
always in contact with the cylinder.

➢ Volume of the gas occupies is


reduced and the gas is compressed.

➢High efficient as sucking and


compressing gas occur
simultaneously.
Reciprocating compressor
It is a positive-displacement compressor
that

➢ Uses pistons driven by a crankshaft to


deliver gases at high pressure.

➢The intake gas enters the suction


manifold, then flows into the compression
cylinder

➢It gets compressed by a piston driven in


a reciprocating motion via a crankshaft,

➢Discharged at higher pressure


Dr. M. Asif, MED
Graph showing operating regions of various compressors

Taken from
PIP REEC001
Compressor Selection
Guidelines
Table showing operating conditions of various compressors

Taken from
PIP REEC001
Compressor Selection Guidelines
Dr. M. Asif, MED
Single Acting

Dr. M. Asif, MED


Double Acting

Dr. M. Asif, MED


Dr. M. Asif, MED
Dr. M. Asif, MED
Dr. M. Asif, MED
Dr. M. Asif, MED
Dr. M. Asif, MED
Dr. M. Asif, MED
Condition for minimum work

Dr. M. Asif, MED


Problems
1.

Also calculate the isothermal efficiency.


(4.238 kW, 77%)

Dr. M. Asif, MED


Dr. M. Asif, MED
Dr. M. Asif, MED
Dr. M. Asif, MED
Problems
2.

(0.0281 m3, 450K, 57.6 kW)

Dr. M. Asif, MED


Volumetric Efficiency

Dr. M. Asif, MED


Dr. M. Asif, MED
Where p1 and T1 are the suction conditions.

Dr. M. Asif, MED


Problems
3.

(63.5kW, 72.4%)

Dr. M. Asif, MED


Dr. M. Asif, MED
Dr. M. Asif, MED
Dr. M. Asif, MED
Dr. M. Asif, MED
Dr. M. Asif, MED
3.

(15.5 kW, 0.0131 m3, 0.00436 m3)

Dr. M. Asif, MED


4.

Dr. M. Asif, MED

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