MATHEMATICS / X / 2022 – 23

UNIT 4 - GEOMETRY
LESSON 6 : TRIANGLES

LEARNING PLAN
• TOPIC 1: similar triangles, Definition, examples, Basic proportionality theorem

• TOPIC 2: Criterion of Similarity (AAA, SSS, SAS) Results based on it

TOPIC 1
• Two figures having same shapes (size may or may not same) are called similar figures

• Pair of all regular polygons are similar figures

• All circles are similar figures

• Film 35mm is enlarged into 70mm, and then they are called similar figures.

Similar triangles: If two triangles are said to be similar if

(a) Their corresponding angles are equal
(b) Ratio of their corresponding sides are equal/proportional

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Basic proportionality Theorem/ Thales Theorem: If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a
triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, then the other two sides are divided in
the same ratio.
TOPIC 2
Criterion of similarity (AAA, SSS, SAS) and Results related on it.
Revision notes
• In two triangles, if the corresponding angles are equal, then the corresponding sides are in
the same ratio, then the triangles are similar (AAA similarity criterion)

• If the corresponding sides of any two triangles are proportional, then the corresponding
angles are equal and the two triangles are similar (SSS similarity criterion)

• If one angle of a triangle is equal to one angle of the other triangle and the corresponding
sides including are proportional. Then the triangle are similar (SAS criterion

• of the other triangle and the corresponding sides including are proportional. Then the
triangle are similar (SAS criterion

• The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their
corresponding sides

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS & MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

SECTION A (1 MARK)

Q1. Two sides and the perimeter of one triangle are respectively three times the corresponding
sides and the perimeter of the other triangle. Are the two triangles similar? Why?
Q2. A and B are respectively the points on the sides PQ and PR of a ∆PQR such that PQ = 12.5
cm, PA = 5 cm, BR = 6 cm, and PB = 4 cm. Is AB || QR? Give reason.
Q3. In triangles PQR and TSM, ∠P = 55°, ∠Q = 25°, ∠M = 100°, and ∠S = 25°. Is ∆QPR ~
∆TSM? Why?
Q4. If ABC and DEF are similar triangles such that ∠A = 47° and ∠E = 63°, then the
measures of ∠ C = 70°. Is it true? Give reason
Q5. If triangle ABC is similar to triangle DEF such that 2AB = DE and BC = 8 cm. Then find
the length of EF.
Q6. In an isosceles ∆ABC, if AC = BC and AB2 = 2AC2, then find ∠C.
Q7. The length of the diagonals of a rhombus are 16 cm and 12 cm. Find the length of side of
the rhombus.

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Q8. A man goes 24 m towards West and then 10 m towards North. How far is he from the
starting point?
Q9. ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF such that AB = 9.1 cm and DE = 6.5 cm. If the perimeter of ∆DEF is 25
cm, what is the perimeter of ∆ABC?
Q10. In Fig., DE || BC. If AD = x, DB = x – 2, AE = x + 2 and EC = x – 1, find the value of x.

Q11. In the given figure, ∠T and ∠B are right angles. If the length of AT, BC and AS (in
centimeters) are 15, 16, and 17 respectively, then the length of TC (in centimeters) is:

(a) 18 (b) 16 (c) 19 (d) 12

Q12. XY is drawn parallel to the base BC of a ∆ABC cutting AB at X and AC at Y. If AB =
4 BX and YC =2cm, then AY is

Q13. In ∆ABC and ∆DEF, < B = <E, <F = <C and AB= 3DE. Then the two triangles are
(a) Congruent but not similar (c) neither congruent nor similar
(b) Similar but not congruent (d) none of the above
Q14. In the given Fig, CD || LA and DE || AC. Find the length of CL, if BE = 4 cm and EC =
2 cm.

Q15. In Fig, if ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF and their sides are of lengths (in cm) as marked along with
them, then find the lengths of the sides of each triangle

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𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶
Q16. If in ∆ABC and ∆DEF, 𝐷𝐸 = 𝐹𝐷 , then they will be similar , when
a) ∠B=∠E c) ∠B=∠D
b) ∠A=∠D d) ∠A=∠F
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐴
Q17. If in two triangles ABC and DEF, 𝐷𝐸 = 𝐹𝐸 = 𝐹𝐷 then

a) ∆FDE ~ ∆CAB c) ∆CBA ~ ∆FDE

b) ∆FDE ~ ∆ABC d) ∆BCA ~ ∆FDE
Q18. In figure, if DE || BC, AD=3 cm, BD= 4 cm and BC= 14 cm, then DE equals

a) 7 cm b) 6 cm c) 4 cm d) 3 cm
Q19. In ∆ABC, ∠B=900, BD perpendicular to AC. If AC= 9cm, AD= 3 cm, then BD is equal
to
a) 2√2𝑐𝑚 c) 2√3𝑐𝑚
b) 3√2𝑐𝑚 d) 3√3𝑐𝑚

Q20. All the congruent figures are similar but the converse is not true. True or false?
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION ( 2 MARKS)
SECTION B
Q1. In the figure, AM: MC =3:4, BP:PM =3:2 and BN = 12 cm. Then find AN

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Q2. If the corresponding Medians of two similar triangles are in the ratio 5 : 7. Then find the ratio
of their sides.
Q3. CM and RN are respectively the medians of ∆ABC and ∆PQR. If ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR, then Prove
𝐶𝑀 𝐴𝐵
that (a) ∆AMC ~ ∆PNR (b) 𝑅𝑁 = 𝑃𝑄

Q4. Diagonals AC and BD of a trapezium ABCD with AB ║ DC intersect each other at the point
O. Using a similarity criterion for two triangles, show that OA/OC= OB/OD.
Q5. Find ∠M

Q6. In the adjoining figure, AB PQ CD, AB = x units, CD= y units and PQ= z units. Then prove
1 1 1
that 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑧
A

C
P
x
y
z

B Q D

Q7. A street light bulb is fixed on a pole 6 m above the level of the street. If a woman of height
1.5 m casts a shadow of 3m, what is the length of the shadow of the pole?
Q8. A 15 metres high tower casts a shadow 24 metres long at a certain time and at the same time,
a telephone pole casts a shadow 16 metres long. Find the height of the telephone pole.
Q9. In Figure, PQ || BC, PQ = 3 cm, BC = 9cm and AC = 7·5 cm. Find the length of AQ

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Q10. In the below figure, if ∠A = ∠C, AB = 6 cm, BP = 15 cm, AP = 12 cm and CP = 4 cm, then
find the lengths of PD and CD.

Q11. In the below Figure, BD and CE intersect each other at the point P. Is ∆PBC ~ ∆PDE? Why?

Q12. In the figure find x

𝐴𝑀 𝐴𝐵
Q13. In the figure given, if LM || CB and LN || CD, prove that = 𝐴𝐷 .
𝐴𝑁

Q14. In ∆DEW, AB || EW. If AD = 4 cm, DE = 12 cm and DW = 24 cm, then find the value of DB.

Q15. In ∆ABC, DE || BC, find the value of x.

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Q16. If the perimeters of two similar triangles ABC and DEF are 50 cm and 70 cm respectively and
one side of ∆ABC = 20 cm, then find the corresponding side of ∆DEF.
Q17. X and Y are points on the sides AB and AC respectively of a triangle ABC such that =
AX/AB=1/4 , AY = 2 cm and YC = 6 cm. Find whether XY || BC or not.

Q18. In given figure, EB perpendicular to AC, BG perpendicular to AE and CF perpendicular to

AE. Prove that : (i)∆ ABG ~ ∆DCB (ii) BC/BD = BE/ BA

Q19. In triangle ABC, if AP perpendicular to BC and AC2 = BC2 – AB2, then prove that
PA2 = PB × CP.

Q20. Find the value of x for which DE || AB is given figure

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SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION ( 3 MARKS)

SECTION C
Q1. In ∆ABC, DE║ BC such that AD = 7x ˗ 4 cm, AE = 5x ˗ 2 cm , DB = 3x + 4 cm and EC = 3x
cm . Then find the value of x.
Q2. In the given figure, AB ║ DC and diagonals AC and BD intersect at O. If OA = 3x – 1 and OB
= 2x + 1 , OC = 5x – 3 and OD = 6x – 5 , find the value of x.

Q3. In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. AE divides the line segment BD in the ratio 1 : 2.
If BE = 1.5 cm find BC

Q4. In figure, if ∠D = ∠E and AD /AE = DB / EC, Prove that ∆BAC is an isosceles triangle.

Q5. In figure, A, B, C are points on OP, OQ and OR respectively such that AB ║ PQ and AC ║PR.
Show that BC ║QR.

Q6. In figure, ∠1 = ∠2 and ∆NSQ ≅∆MTR, then prove that ∆PTS ~ ∆PRQ.

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Q7. In the figure, if ∠ACB= ∠ CDA, AC=8 cm and AD = 3 cm, find BD.

Q8. In the given figure below, CB || QR and CA || PR Also AQ = 12 cm, AR = 20 cm, PB =

CQ = 15 cm. Calculate PC and BR.

Q9. In the given figure, RQ and TP are perpendicular to PQ, also TS perpendicular to PR . Prove
that [Link] = [Link].

Q10. In the given figure, RQ and TP are perpendicular to PQ, also TS perpendicular to PR .
Prove that ST. RQ = PS. PQ.
Q11. In the figure, l ║ m and line segments AB, CD and EF are concurrent at point P. Prove that
AE/BF=AC/BD=CE/FD.

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𝐵𝐹 𝐹𝐸
Q12. In the Figure , DE || AC and DF || AE. Prove that = 𝐸𝐶
𝐵𝐸

𝑄𝑅 𝑄𝑆
Q13. In Figure below, = 𝑃𝑅 and ∠ 1 = ∠ 2. Show that Δ PQS ~ Δ TQR.
𝑄𝑇

Q14. In the given figure, BC || PQ and BC = 8 cm, PQ = 4 cm, BA = 6 5. cm AP = 2 8. cm. Find

the length of CA.

Q15. If ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF, AB = 4 cm, DE = 6 cm, EF = 9 cm and FD = 12 cm, find the perimeter of
∆ABC.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS (4 MARKS)
SECTION D ( 4 MARKS)
Q1. A girl of height 90 cm is walking away from the base of a lamp-post at a speed of 1.2 m/s. If
the lamp is 3.6 m above the ground, find the length of her shadow after 4 seconds.

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Q2. Aakesh wanted to determine the height of a tree on the corner of his block. He knew that a
certain fence by the tree was 4 feet tall. At 3 PM, he measured the shadow of the fence to be
2.5 feet tall. Then he measured the tree’s shadow to be 11.3 feet. What is the height of the tree?

Q3. Ramesh places a mirror on level ground to determine the height of a pole (with traffic light
fired on it). He stands at a certain distance so that he can see the top of the pole reflected from
the mirror. Ramesh’s eye level is 1.5 m above the ground. The distance of Ramesh and the
pole from the mirror are 1.8 m and 6 m respectively

1. Which criterion of similarity is applicable to similar triangles?

(a) SSA (c) SSS
(b) ASA (d) AA
2. What is the height of the pole?
(a) 6 metres (c) 5 metres
(b) 8 metres (d) 4 metres
3. Now Ramesh moves behind such that distance between pole and Ramesh is 13 meters. He
places mirror between him and pole to see the reflection of light in right position. What is the
distance between mirror and Ramesh?

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(a) 7 metres (c) 5 metres

(b) 3 metres (d) 4 metres
4. What is the distance between mirror and pole?
(a) 9 metres (c) 12 metres
(b) 8 metres (d) 10 metres
Q4. Tania is very intelligent in Maths, she always tries to relate the concept of maths in
daily life. One day she plans to cross a river and wants to know how far is the other
side; she takes measurement on her side of the river and makes the drawing as
shown in the fig

1) Which similarity criterion is used in solving the above problem?

(a) SAS (b) AA (c)SSS (d) None

2) Consider the following statement

S1: ∠ 𝐴𝐶𝐵 = ∠ 𝐷𝐶𝐸 and S2: ∠ 𝐵𝐴𝐶 = ∠ 𝐶𝐷𝐸 which of the following statements
are correct
(a) S1 and S2 (b) S1 (c) S2 (d) None
3) What is the distance 𝑥 across the river

(a) 96ft (b) 48ft (c) 24ft (d) 16ft

4) What is the approximate length of AD shown?

(a) 120fta (b)160ft (c)140ft (d)100ft

Q5. If AD and PM are medians of triangles ABC and PQR respectively where Δ ABC ~
Δ PQR, Prove that AB / PQ = AD/PM
Q6. D is a point on the side BC of a triangle ABC such that ∠ ADC = ∠ BAC. Show that
CA2 = CB × CD
Q7. In the figure, if PQRS is a parallelogram, AB║PS and PQ║ OC , then prove that OC
║SR

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Q8. In the figure, there are two points D and E on side AB of DABC such that AD = BE.
If DP || BC and EQ || AC, then prove that PQ || AB

Q9. In the given figure, AD = 3 cm, AE = 5 cm, BD = 4

cm, CE = 4 cm, CF = 2 cm, BF = 2.5 cm, then find the pair of parallel line and hence
their lengths

Q10. CD and GH are respectively the bisectors of ∠ ACB and ∠ EGF such that D and H
lie on sides AB and FE of Δ ABC and Δ EFG respectively. If Δ ABC ~ Δ FEG,
show that:
i. CD / GH = AC / FG
ii. Δ DCB ~ Δ HGE
iii. Δ DCA ~ Δ HGF

[Link]. ANSWERS

SECTION A ( 1 MARK)

1 Since the perimeters and two sides are proportional

∴ The third side is proportional to the corresponding third side.
i.e., The two triangles will be similar by SSS criterion.

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3 Şince, ∠R = 180° – (∠P + ∠Q)

= 180° – (55° + 25°) = 100° = ∠M
∠Q = ∠S = 25° (Given)
∆QPR ~ ∆STM
i.e., . ∆QPR is not similar to ∆TSM.

4 Since ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF

∴ ∠A = ∠D = 47°
∠B = ∠E = 63°
∴ ∠C = 180° – (∠A + ∠B) = 180° – (47° + 63°) = 70°
∴ Given statement is true.
5 ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF (Given)

6 AB2 = 2AC2 (Given)

AB2 = AC2 + AC2
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 (∵ AC = BC)
Hence AB is the hypotenuse and ∆ABC is a right angle A.
So, ∠C = 90°

7 ∵ The diagonals of rhombus bisect each other at 90°.

∴ In the right angle ∆BOC
BO = 8 cm
CO = 6 cm

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∴ By Pythagoras Theorem
BC2 = BO2 + CO2 = 64 + 36
BC2 = 100
BC = 10 cm
8
By Pythagoras Theorem
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = (24)2 + (10)2
AC2 = 676
AC = 26 m
∴ The man is 26 m away from the starting
point.
9 Since ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF.

10
In ∆ABC, we have
DE || BC,
∴ AD/DB = AE/EC [By Basic Proportionality
Theorem]
⇒ x/(x−2) = (x+2)/(x−1)
⇒ x(x – 1) = (x – 2) (x + 2)
⇒ x2 – x = x2 – 4
⇒x=4
11 (c) 19
12 (c) 6 cm
13 (b) Similar but not congruent
14

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15 ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF (Given)

⇒ 4x – 2 = 18
⇒x=5
∴ AB = 2 × 5 – 1 = 9, BC = 2 × 5 + 2 = 12
CA = 3 × 5 = 15, DE = 18, EF = 3 × 5 + 9 = 24
and FD = 6 × 5 = 30
Hence, AB = 9 cm, BC = 12 cm, CA = 15 cm
DE = 18 cm, EF = 24 cm, FD = 30 cm

16 (c) ∠B=∠D
17 (a) ∆FDE ~ ∆CAB
18 (b) 6 cm
19 (𝑏)3√2𝑐𝑚
𝐴𝐷 𝐷𝐵 𝐴𝐵
∆ABC ~ ∆ADB, ∆ABC ~ ∆BDC Then, ∆ADB ~ ∆BDC . So , 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐷𝐶 = 𝐵𝐶

20 True
SECTION B ( 2 MARKS)

1 Draw MR parallel to CN which meets AB at the

point R.
𝐵𝑁 𝐵𝑃
= 𝑃𝑀 Since PN || MR (BPT)
𝑁𝑅
12 3
=2 Then, NR=8 cm.
𝑁𝑅
𝐴𝑅 𝐴𝑀
= Since RM || NC
𝑅𝑁 𝑀𝐶
𝐴𝑅 3
= 4 Then, AR= 6 cm
8
AN=AR+RN=6+8=14 cm.
2 5:7
3 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
Since ∆ABC ~ ∆PQR, 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑃𝑅
Also, ∠A=∠P
𝐴𝐵/2 𝐴𝑀 𝐴𝐶
Since ∠A=∠P, 𝑃𝑄/2 = 𝑃𝑁 = 𝑃𝑅 implies (a) ∆AMC ~ ∆PNR (SAS)

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𝐶𝑀 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐵
(b) 𝑅𝑁 = 𝑃𝑅 = 𝑃𝑄

4 ∠OAB=∠OCD, ∠OBA=∠ODC, alternate interior angles.

D
∆OCD ~ ∆OAB C

𝑂𝐶 𝑂𝐷 𝐶𝐷
= 𝑂𝐵 = 𝐴𝐵 O
𝑂𝐴

A B
5 𝐴𝐵 4.4
= = 0.4
𝑀𝐿 11
𝐴𝐶 3.6
= = 0.4
𝐿𝑁 9
𝐵𝐶 4
= 10 = 0.4
𝑀𝑁
∆ABC ~ ∆LMN (SSS)
∠M=∠B=500.
6 𝑃𝑄 𝐷𝑄
In ∆ABD, PQ|| AB . Then, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐷
𝑧 𝐷𝑄
ie, 𝑥 = 𝐵𝐷 ………..(i)

𝑃𝑄 𝐵𝑄
In ∆BCD, PQ||CD . Then, 𝐶𝐷 = 𝐵𝐷
𝑧 𝐵𝑄
ie, 𝑦 = 𝐵𝐷 ……… (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii),
𝑧 𝑧 𝐷𝑄 𝐵𝑄 𝐷𝑄+𝐵𝑄 𝐵𝐷
+ 𝑦 = 𝐵𝐷 + 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐵𝐷 = 𝐵𝐷 = 1
𝑥
1 1 1
Then , +𝑦 =𝑧
𝑥

7 Let AB be the pole and PQ be the height of the woman.

∠ABC=∠PQR=900, ∠ACB=∠PRS
∆ABC ~ ∆PQR (AA) A

P
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
= 𝑄𝑅 = 𝑃𝑅
𝑃𝑄

6 𝐵𝐶
=
1.5 3
B C Q R
Length of shadow of the pole= BC=12 m.
8 10 meters.
9 Since ∠APQ=∠ABC, ∠AQP=∠ACB Then, ∆APQ ~ ∆ABC (AA)
𝐴𝑃 𝑃𝑄 𝐴𝑄
= 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝐵
3 𝐴𝑄
= 7.5
9
3×7.5
𝐴𝑄 = = 2.5 𝑐𝑚
9

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10 CD=2 cm, PD= 5 cm.

11 𝑃𝐵 5 1 𝑃𝐶 6 1
= 10 = 2 , 𝑃𝐸 = 12 = 2, ∠BPC=∠DPE(vertically opposite angles)
𝑃𝐷
∆PBC ~ ∆PDE Using SAS similarity criteria.
12 ∆KNP ~ ∆KML Using AA similarity
𝐾𝑁 𝑃𝑁 𝑐 𝑥 𝑎𝑐
= 𝐿𝑀 . Then, 𝑏+𝑐 = 𝑎. That is, 𝑥 = 𝑏+𝑐
𝐾𝑀

13 𝐴𝑀 𝐴𝐿
= 𝐿𝐶 − − − − − (1)
𝑀𝐵
𝐴𝐿 𝐴𝑁
= 𝑁𝐷 − − − − − (2)
𝐿𝐶
𝑀𝐵 𝑁𝐷
+1= +1
𝐴𝑀 𝐴𝑁
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐷
= 𝐴𝑁
𝐴𝑀

14 𝐷𝐴 𝐷𝐵
= 𝐷𝑊
𝐷𝐸
4 𝐷𝐵
= 24
12
𝐷𝐵 = 8 𝑐𝑚
15 𝑥 𝑥+3
= 𝑥+5
𝑥+1
𝑥=3
16 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) 𝐴𝐵
= 𝐷𝐸, since∆𝐴𝐵𝐶~∆𝐷𝐸𝐹
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟(∆𝐷𝐸𝐹)
Let AB= 20 cm
50 20
= 𝐷𝐸
70
DE=28 cm
17 𝐴𝑋 1
=4
𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝑋 = 1𝑘, 𝐴𝐵 = 4𝑘
𝐵𝑋 = 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐴𝑋 = 4𝑘 − 1𝑘 = 3𝑘
𝐴𝑋 1𝑘 1
= 3𝑘 = 3
𝑋𝐵
𝐴𝑌 2 1
=6=3
𝑌𝐶
𝑋𝐶 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝐵𝐶
18 ∠2=∠5, ∠6=∠4
∆𝐴𝐵𝐺~∆𝐷𝐶𝐵 (AA)
∠1=∠3
∠ABE=∠5
∆𝐴𝐵𝐸~∆𝐷𝐵𝐶 (AA)
𝐵𝐶 𝐵𝐸
= 𝐵𝐴
𝐵𝐷

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19 AC2=BC2 - AB2
AC2+AB2=BC2.
∠BAC=900.

∆𝐴𝑃𝐵~∆𝐶𝑃𝐴 (Converse of BPT)

𝐴𝑃 𝑃𝐵
= 𝑃𝐴
𝐶𝑃
PA2=[Link]

20 𝑥+3 𝑥
= 3𝑥+4
3𝑥+19
(𝑥 + 3)(3𝑥 + 4) = 𝑥(3𝑥 + 19)
x=2
SECTION C ( 3 MARKS)

1 7𝑥−4 5𝑥−2
= 3𝑥
3𝑥+4
2
3𝑥 − 13𝑥 + 4 = 0
x=4,1/3
If x=1/3, 7x-4=-5/3<0, not possible.
Therefore, x=4
2 x= 2
3 OB/OD = BE/AD
½ = 1.5/AD
AD = 3 cm. As AD = BC, BC = 3 cm
4 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸
=
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶
+ 1 = 𝐴𝐸 + 1
𝐴𝐷
𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐶
= 𝐴𝐸 ………..(i)
𝐴𝐷
Since ∠ADE=∠AED, AD=AE
Then from(i), AB=AC and ΔABC is isosceles.
5 𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝐵
Since AB || PQ, 𝐴𝑃 = 𝐵𝑄 ……………(i) (BPT)
𝑂𝐴 𝑂𝐶
Since AC||PR, 𝐴𝑃 = 𝐶𝑅 …………….(ii) (BPT)
𝑂𝐵 𝑂𝐶
From (i) and (ii) = 𝐶𝑅
𝐵𝑄

Then, BC || QR.

6
Given, △NSQ ⩬ △MTR Then,by CPCT, ∠NQS = ∠MRT
ie, ∠PRQ = ∠PQR ------------- (1)
In △PST, ∠P + ∠1 + ∠2 = 180°

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MATHEMATICS / X / 2022 – 23

∠P + 2∠1 = 180° -------------------- (2)

In △PQR, ∠P + ∠PQR + ∠PRQ = 180°
∠P + 2∠PQR = 180° -------------------- (3)
Equating (2) and (3), ∠P + 2∠1 = ∠P + 2∠PQR
∠PQR = ∠1 So, ∠PST = ∠PQR --------- (4)
In △PTS and △PRQ,
∠P = ∠P = common angle.
From (4) ∠PST = ∠PQR
Therefore, △PTS ~ △PRQ (AA)
7 BD = 55/3 cm
8 𝑃𝐶 𝑅𝐴
= 𝐴𝑄 (BPT)
𝐶𝑄
𝑃𝐶 20 15×20
= 12 Then, 𝑃𝐶 = = 25 𝑐𝑚
15 12
In △PQR, CB || QR
𝑃𝐶 𝑃𝐵
= 𝐵𝑅 (BPT)
𝐶𝑄
25 15 15×15
= 𝐵𝑅 Then, 𝐵𝑅 = = 9 𝑐𝑚
15 25

9 ∠1+∠2+∠4=1800.
∠1=900 - ∠2 ………….(i)
Since TP perpendicular to PQ, ∠TPQ= 900.
∠2+∠3=900.
∠3=900 = ∠2 …………(ii)
From (i) and (ii), ∠1=∠3
In ΔRQP and ΔPST, ∠1=∠3 , ∠4=∠5
ΔRQP ~ ΔPST (AA)
𝑆𝑇 𝑃𝑆
= 𝑅𝑄 Then, [Link]= PS. PQ
𝑄𝑃

10 Statement and proof of the theorem.

11 ∠EAP=∠FBP, ∠APE=∠FPB, Then ΔAEP ~ ΔBFP (AA)
𝐴𝐸 𝐸𝑃 𝐴𝑃
So, 𝐵𝐹 = 𝐹𝑃 = 𝐵𝑃 ……………(i)
∠ECP=∠FDP, ∠CPE=∠FPD, Then ΔCEP ~ ΔDFP (AA)
𝐸𝑃 𝐶𝐸
= 𝐷𝐹 …………(ii)
𝐹𝑃
∠ACP=∠BDP, ∠CAP=∠PBD, Then ΔACP ~ ΔBDP (AA)
𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝑃 𝐴𝑃
= 𝐷𝑃 = 𝐵𝑃 …………..(iii)
𝐵𝐷
𝐴𝐸 𝐶𝐸 𝐴𝐶
From (i), (ii), (iii) , = 𝐷𝐹 = 𝐵𝐷
𝐵𝐹

12 In ΔABC, given as, DE || AC Then, BD/DA = BE/EC …………(i) (BPT)

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MATHEMATICS / X / 2022 – 23

In ΔBAE, given as, DF || AE Then, BD/DA = BF/FE …………(ii) (BPT)

From equation (i) and (ii), we get BE/EC = BF/FE , Then BF/BE= FE/EC.

13 In ΔPQR, ∠PQR = ∠PRQ ∴ PQ = PR ………………………(i)

QR/QT = QS/PR Using equation (i), we get QR/QT = QS/PQ……….(ii)
In ΔPQS and ΔTQR, by equation (ii), QR/QS = QT/QP , ∠PQS = ∠TQR
∴ ΔPQS ~ ΔTQR [By SAS similarity criterion]
14 ∠ACB=∠APQ, ∠ABC=∠AQP, Then ΔABC ~ ΔAQP (AA)
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶
==
𝐴𝑄 𝑄𝑃 𝐴𝑃
6.5 8 𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝑄
= 4 = 2.8
8×2.8
𝐴𝐶 = 4 = 5.6 𝑐𝑚

15 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶)
Since ∆ABC ~ ∆DEF, 𝐷𝐸 = 𝐸𝐹 = 𝐷𝐹 = 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟(∆𝐷𝐸𝐹)
4 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐶 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟(∆𝐴𝐵𝐶)
= 9 = 12 =
6 27
Perimeter(ΔABC)= 18 cm.
SECTION D ( 4 MARKS)

1 Let AB denote the lamp-post and CD the girl

after walking for 4 seconds away from the lamp-
post. DE is the shadow of the girl. Let DE be x
metres.
Now, BD = 1.2 m × 4 = 4.8 m.
Note that in Δ ABE and Δ CDE, ∠ B = ∠ D
(Each is of 90° because lamp-post as well as the
girl are standing vertical to the ground) and ∠ E =
∠ E (Same angle) So, Δ ABE ~ Δ CDE (AA
similarity criterion)
Therefore, BE / DE = AB/ CD i.e., 4.8 + x/ x = 3.6 /0.9 (90 cm = 90/ 100 m =
0.9 m) i.e., 4.8 + x =4x i.e., 3x = 4.8 i.e., x = 1.6 So, the shadow of the girl after
walking for 4 seconds is 1.6 m long.
2 Height of the tree is 18 feet
3 Q1. (d) AA
Q2. (c) 5 metres
Q3. (b) 3 metres
Q4. (d) 10 metres
4 Q1. b) AA Similarity
Q2. a) S1 and S2 both
Q3. b) 48 ft
Q4. c) 140 ft

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MATHEMATICS / X / 2022 – 23

5 We know that the corresponding sides of

similar triangles are in proportion.
∴AB/PQ = AC/PR =BC/QR…………(i)
Also, ∠A = ∠P, ∠B = ∠Q, ∠C = ∠R
….(ii)
Since AD and PM are medians, they will divide their opposite sides.
∴ BD = BC/2 and QM = QR/2 ……………..………….(iii)
From equations (i) and (iii), we get
AB/PQ = BD/QM ……………………….(iv)
In ΔABD and ΔPQM, From equation (ii), we have ∠B = ∠Q
From equation (iv), we have, AB/PQ = BD/QM
∴ ΔABD ~ ΔPQM (SAS similarity criterion)
⇒AB/PQ = BD/QM = AD/PM
6 In ΔOPQ, AB || PQ
OA/AP = OB/BQ…………….(i) (BPT)
In ΔOPR, AC || PR , OA/AP = OC/CR……(ii) (BPT)
From equation (i) and (ii), we get, OB/BQ = OC/CR
In ΔOQR, BC || QR. (converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem)

7 𝑂𝑃 𝑂𝑆
= 𝑆𝐵 , Since AB||PS
𝑃𝐴
𝐴𝑃 𝐴𝑄
= 𝑄𝐶 , Since PQ|| OC
𝑂𝑃
𝑂𝑃 𝑄𝐶
= 𝐴𝑄
𝐴𝑃
𝑂𝑆 𝑄𝐶
= 𝐴𝑄 ……….(i)
𝑆𝐵
Since PQRS is a parallelogram, QR||AB
𝐶𝑄 𝐶𝑅
Then,𝐴𝑄 = 𝐵𝑅 ………..(ii)
𝑂𝑆 𝐶𝑅
From (i) and (ii), 𝑆𝐵 = 𝐵𝑅 Then, SR||OC

8 𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝑃
In ΔABC , DP || BC, = 𝑃𝐶 ……(i) (BPT)
𝐷𝐵
𝐵𝐸 𝐵𝑄
EQ || AC, = (BPT)
𝐸𝐴 𝑄𝐶
𝐴𝐷 𝐵𝑄
= ……(ii) Since AD=BE, EA=DB
𝐷𝐵 𝑄𝐶
𝐴𝑃 𝐵𝑄
From (i) and (ii), 𝑃𝐶 = 𝑄𝐶 Then, PQ || AB ( Converse of BPT)

9 𝐸𝐶 4 𝐶𝐹 2 4
= 5 and = 2.5 = 5
𝐸𝐴 𝐹𝐵
𝐸𝐶 𝐶𝐹
= 𝐹𝐵
𝐸𝐴

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MATHEMATICS / X / 2022 – 23

In ΔABC , EF || AB (Converse of BPT)

𝐶𝐸 4 4
= =
𝐶𝐴 4+5 9
𝐶𝐹 2 2 4
= 2+2.5 = 4.5 = 9
𝐶𝐵
𝐸𝐶 𝐶𝐹
= 𝐶𝐵 , ∠ECF=∠ACB
𝐶𝐴
ΔCFE ~ ΔCBA (SAS)
𝐸𝐹 𝐶𝐸
= 𝐶𝐴
𝐴𝐵
𝐸𝐹 4
=9
7
28
𝐸𝐹 = 𝑐𝑚, 𝐴𝐵 = 7 𝑐𝑚.
9

10 From the given condition, ΔABC ~ ΔFEG.

∴ ∠A = ∠F, ∠B = ∠E, and ∠ACB = ∠FGE
Since, ∠ACB = ∠FGE
∴ ∠ACD = ∠FGH (Angle bisector)
And, ∠DCB = ∠HGE (Angle bisector)
In ΔACD and ΔFGH,
∠A = ∠F, ∠ACD = ∠FGH
∴ ΔACD ~ ΔFGH (AA similarity criterion)
⇒CD/GH = AC/FG
(ii) In ΔDCB and ΔHGE,
∠DCB = ∠HGE (Already proved), ∠B = ∠E (Already proved)
∴ ΔDCB ~ ΔHGE (AA similarity criterion)
(iii) In ΔDCA and ΔHGF,
∠ACD = ∠FGH (Already proved), ∠A = ∠F (Already proved)
∴ ΔDCA ~ ΔHGF (AA similarity criterion

****************** ******************** ************** ************

ANSWERS OF SECTION - A
1. (d) 10 6. (a) 5 11. 5 units 16. Inside the circle
(13, 14)
2. (b) 22 7. (d) 3 : 5 12. y = -9 or y = 3 17. 𝑘 = ±4
(5, 8)

(2, 4) (13, 26)

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MATHEMATICS / X / 2022 – 23

3. (d) √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 8. (c) (2, 0) 13. 2 : 5 18. BD = 5

4. (c) -1 9. (b) (-4, 2) 14. 4 units 19. √37 units

5. (c) 1 10. (d) -1, 7 15. p = 3 20. 12

ANSWERS OF SECTION - B

1. (-7, 0) 6. bx = ay. 11. Yes 2

16. ,0
5

2. 3 7. y = -1 12. Scalene Triangle 17. 2 : 1

2 8. (0, 9) 13. x - y = 2 18. Yes

3. Ratio is 2 : 1 & k =
3

4. t = 1 −2 −20 14. BC = (1, 2) 19. 24 square

9. ,
7 7 units
5 10. (-4, - 7) 15. Abscissa of R = 1 20. A (3, -10)
5. k = or k = 5 : 2
2
ANSWERS OF SECTION - C

1. Non- collinear 6. (-7,0) 11. (1,-12) and (5,-10)

2. y = 3 or y = -9 7. (4,-5) 12. Square

3. 24 square units 8. (2, -5/3) and (0, -7/3) 13. k =1 and (-3/2, 0)

4. a = 1, b = 1 7 13 14. 2 : 9
9. -1, , (0, 5) , 1,
AB = CD = √10 units 2 2
BC = AD = √10 units
5. x = 6 and y = 3 10. 3x + y - 5 = 0 15. x = 4 or x = -4 and
QR= √41 , PR= √82

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