Quarter 4 Semi Finals Reviewer 2023-2024
Charles’ Law states that the volume occupied by a
The different properties used to describe gas are fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its
pressure, temperature and volume. absolute
temperature, if the pressure remains constant.
For containers having the same number of gas Ex:
molecules, the container with the smaller volume will - A balloon expands when subjected to heat
experience higher pressure that the container with a - Hot air balloon
larger volume. - Pressure Cooker
- The volume of the dough increases as its temperature
Describing Gas Pressure: increases
Units: Atm, torr, N/m2, Pa, mmHg, psi
Number or gas particles: This is how the relationship of volume and temperature
More gas particles, more pressure exerted is illustrated in Charles’ Law
Gas has mass
Air can still be pumped inside a balloon even though it is 𝑉 ∝𝑇
already inflated since gas is compressible.
Boyle’s Law states that the volume of a gas is inversely
proportional to pressure
Ex:
- Water pressure increases with depth. As a result, when
one swims to greater depths, the lungs gets compressed
- If the pressure is doubled, the volume will be reduced
to half
- Air bubbles increase in size as It approaches the
surface due to lower water pressure
- Deep sea fishes die when brought to the surface due to
a decreased pressure. This results in the increased
volume of gases in their bodies
- The volume inside of a balloon will increase if brought
to a high altitude since pressure there is lesser Biomolecules
- When the pressure of a bicycle tire decreases, the Lipids
volume of the tire increases (tire becomes flat or less Proteins
inflated) Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Monomers
- are single basic building units of all organic
compounds.
- can be composed of more than one atom and exhibits
patterns which are repeated
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen are elements
which are common on all types of biomolecules
Carbohydrates are biomolecules which are the
main source of energy because it can be easily
broken down
Glucose is an example of Carbohydrate
Carbohydrates are biomolecules which may
cause weight gain
Condensation Reaction or simply
condensation is the process of joining two
monosaccharides to form a Disaccharide
Polysaccharides include Starch, Glycogen and
Cellulose
Amino Acids are building blocks of the
biomolecule, protein
We can get a steady supply of amino acids from
proteins rich diet
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological
catalysts. Enzymes speed up reactions in the
body and eventually use up in the process.
Major sources of protein are Eggs, Fish and
Milk
Proteins helps in building and repairing tissue
The most abundant of the lipids are the fats and
oils.
Oleic Acid is a type of Lipid
DNA and RNA are two kinds of Nucleic Acids
This is how the structure of a saturated fatty
acid looks like: