EDUCATION CHECKLIST
Y/
N Sociologists Idea
Functionalist theory Functionalist theory
Durkheim Functions of education
Parsons Bridging the gap
Davis & Moore Role allocation
Marxist theory Marxist theory
Althusser Institutional State Apparatus
Gerwitz & Ball Middle class can access more desirable schools
Bowles & Gintis School produces obedient workers
Willis Learning to labour
New right theory New right theory
Chubb & Moe State-run education
Class differences – Material dep Class differences – Material dep
Weber & Butler Type of neighbourhood
Jerrin Talent is not enough
Howard Poor nutrition
Taner et al Costs of school supplies
Ridge Working class kids in employment
Holloway et al Not able to afford uniform
Smith & Noble Part time work impacts education
Harker Impact of overcrowded homes
Hirsch Upper class kids have rich experiences in &outside of school
Class differences – Cultural dep Class differences – Cultural dep
Bernstein Restricted speech code
Sugarman Immediate gratification
Phillips Underclass is likely to have lone parent
Connor et al X3 reasons working class are discouraged from going to uni
Feinstein Low income relates to underachievement
Feinstein Cultural dep impacts parental encouragement
Douglas Parenting valuing education plays a role
Class differences – Cultural cap Class differences – Cultural cap
Burdieu Middle class have social capital
Evans Middle class mothers share their cultural capital
Ball et al Parents use their cultural capital to play the system
Sullivan Parents with degrees could share the most cultural capital
Class differences – internal Class differences – internal
Becker Ideal pupil
Hargreaves, Hester & Miller Appearance affects self concept
Rosenthal & Jacobson Self-fulfilling prophecy (IQ tests)
Ball Class sets can reinforce labels
Ireson & Hallam Higher sets have a positive self concept
Keddie Higher streams get access to more knowledge in lessons
Gilbourn & Youdell Educational Triage
Hargreaves Labelling lower stream pupils = rebellion
Willis Anti-school subcultures
Whitty Poverty is the real issue
Ethnic differences - External Ethnic differences - External
Platt India & Chinese fathers are paid the highest
Madood Effect of cultural capital of ethnic minority parents
Archer & Francis Parental attitude
Basit British Asians see free education as a blessing
Tony swell Lack of male role models
Coard Ethnocentric curriculum = low self esteem 4 for minorities
Sewell Black masculinities in schools
Sewell X4 difference groups of black boys (CIRR)
Ethnic differences - Internal Ethnic differences - Internal
Strand Longitudinal study of young people
Gilbourn Schools are institutionally racist
Ranson School governors don’t prioritise ethnic minority students
Mirza Black girls high self esteem
The myth of underachievement
Ticky et al
Ethnocentric curriculum discusses black history negatively
Gender differences Gender differences
McDonald et al Working class boys outperform working class girls
Edwards & David Gender socialisation gives girls an advantage
Hannan Classroom environment is more suited to girls
Willis Boys think success is down to fate (fatalistic)
Technology has negatively impacted boys’ language
Kirby development
Gender differences - Internal Gender differences - Internal
Spender & Stansworth Teachers positively labelled and gave more attention to boys
Abraham Teachers prefer deviant(masculine) boys
Mitsos & Browne Impact of teachers having low expectations of boys
Slee Boys are seen as trouble makers
Pirie Coursework suits girls
Coffee & Delamont Schools are a patriarchal environment
Sewell Feminised education – not enough male role models
Gender differences - External Gender differences - External
Sharpe Impact of feminism
Mac an Ghail Crisis of masculinity
Jackson Being academic is seen as a feminine trait
Wilkinson Effects of female independence
Norman Toys given in childhood shape GCSE choices
Subjects have gendered images (ie. science seen as
Kelly masculine.)
Educational policy
Policies before 1988 Policies before 1988
Had 2 main types of secondary schools (grammar and
secondary modern) with selection of 11+ exams. Most
middle/upper class students went to grammar schools and
Tripartite system low class went to secondary modern schools.
Prestigious school who majorly enrol the middle/upper
Grammar schools class.
Make schools make competitive and give parents more
Education reform Act choice.
Vocational education Teaches you skills directly related to work?
Aimed to overcome the class of the tripartite system and
Comprehensive school system make education more meritocratic.
Marketisation of schools Marketisation of schools
Parentocracy Parents have significant control over the education system.
Schools are more selective and choose higher achievers,
Cream-skinning mainly middle class.
‘Good schools’ avoid taking less able students who are likely
Silt-shifting to get poor results.
League tables Where exam results are published.
Schools are allocated funds dependant on the number of
Funding formula pupils they have.
X3 Different parental choosers (privileged-skilled /semi-
Gewitz skilled/disconnect)
Education Maintenance A £ scheme that applicable to students between 16-19. They
Allowance give them £30 -£40 a week.
Conservative gov policies Conservative gov policies
Academies Independant, state – funded schools.
Academies which are run by charities rather than the local
Free schools authority.
League tables Where exam results are published.
A positive step forward in judging the performance of
Progress 8 schools more fairly.
Further education which keeps students' options broader.
They range from: English, maths, science, humanities,
EBACC language.
Fragmented centralisation
Free school meals Receive free food at school if parents receive benefits.
Additional funding provided to state-funded schools in
Pupil premium England to improve outcomes for disadvantaged children.
Privatisation of education Privatisation of education
Ball. By placing certain products in school, they reach a
Cola-isation of schools wider reach od advertisement.
Education as a commodity Education is a good thing in helping businesses.
Gender & Ethnicity policies Gender & Ethnicity policies
GIST Girls into science and technology
Assimilation policies /EAL
Any form of education or teaching that incorporates the
Multicultural education histories, texts, values, etc
Improving the terms for an individual/group to participate in
Social inclusion society.
Relationships & processes Relationships & processes
Willis Lads study
Allan Rebel girls
Shain The gang girls
Jackson Laddish behaviour
Becker Ideal pupil
Gilbourn& Youdell W-c pupils more likely to be seen as problem students.
Bourdieu Teachers rate students based on their habitus
Gilbourn & Youdell Black Caribbean students are seen as disruptive
Sewell Black boys singled out for punishment
Francis & Skelton Girls are hardworking; boys are bright but lazy
Stansworth Teachers gave more attention to boys