1.
SQL SELECT Essentials
Syntax:
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SELECT column1, column2 FROM table_name;
✅ Sample Commands:
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-- Select specific columns
SELECT first_name, last_name FROM employees;
-- Select all columns
SELECT * FROM customers;
-- Select literal values and expressions
SELECT 'Hello World', 2 + 3;
-- Rename columns using aliases
SELECT first_name AS "First Name", salary * 1.1 AS "Updated Salary" FROM
employees;
🟩 2. Filtering Data (WHERE Clause)
Syntax:
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SELECT column1 FROM table_name WHERE condition;
✅ Sample Commands:
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-- Filter using equality
SELECT * FROM orders WHERE status = 'Shipped';
-- Filter with multiple conditions
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE department = 'HR' AND salary > 40000;
-- Use IN to filter by multiple values
SELECT * FROM products WHERE category IN ('Electronics', 'Books');
-- Use BETWEEN for range filtering
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE hire_date BETWEEN '2020-01-01' AND '2021-12-31';
-- Use LIKE for pattern matching
SELECT * FROM customers WHERE email LIKE '%@[Link]';
-- Check for NULL values
SELECT * FROM orders WHERE shipped_date IS NULL;
🟨 3. Grouping and Aggregating Data
Syntax:
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SELECT column, AGG_FUNC(column) FROM table_name GROUP BY column;
✅ Sample Commands:
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-- Average salary by department
SELECT department, AVG(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY department;
-- Count of orders per customer
SELECT customer_id, COUNT(*) AS order_count FROM orders GROUP BY customer_id;
-- Total revenue per product
SELECT product_id, SUM(price * quantity) AS total_revenue FROM order_items
GROUP BY product_id;
-- Minimum and maximum salary per department
SELECT department, MIN(salary), MAX(salary) FROM employees GROUP BY
department;
-- Filtering groups with HAVING
SELECT department, COUNT(*) AS employee_count
FROM employees
GROUP BY department
HAVING COUNT(*) > 10;
🟧 4. Sorting and Limiting Data
Syntax (Sorting):
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SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY column [ASC|DESC];
Syntax (Limiting):
MySQL/PostgreSQL:
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SELECT * FROM table_name LIMIT number OFFSET number;
SQL Server:
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SELECT TOP number * FROM table_name;
✅ Sample Commands:
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-- Sort employees by salary in descending order
SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC;
-- Sort products by name alphabetically
SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY product_name ASC;
-- Get top 5 highest-paid employees
SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 5;
-- Skip first 10 products and show next 5
SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY price LIMIT 5 OFFSET 10;
-- SQL Server version of top 3 recent orders
SELECT TOP 3 * FROM orders ORDER BY order_date DESC;
Part 1: Cheat Sheet PDF – “SQL SELECT Quick Guide”
I’ve compiled a clean and structured SQL SELECT Cheat Sheet with:
Core syntax
Key concepts
Multiple sample queries for each section:
o SELECT essentials
o Filtering with WHERE
o Grouping & aggregation
o Sorting and limiting
📄 Download Your Cheat Sheet PDF: 👉 Click here to download SQL SELECT Cheat Sheet
(PDF)
✅ Part 2: Practice Questions: SQL SELECT Mastery
Here are 15 practice questions covering all the topics:
🔹 Section 1: SELECT Essentials
1. Write a query to select all columns from a students table.
2. Select only the first_name and last_name from an employees table.
3. Select all columns from the products table and rename price as unit_price.
🔹 Section 2: Filtering Data
4. Get all employees who work in the "Marketing" department.
5. Show customers whose email ends with @[Link].
6. List all orders placed between '2023-01-01' and '2023-06-30'.
7. Retrieve employees who earn more than 60000 and belong to the "HR" department.
8. Get all items where stock_quantity is less than 10 or category is 'Clearance'.
9. Find all customers with no phone number listed (phone IS NULL).
🔹 Section 3: Grouping and Aggregating
10. Show the average salary of employees for each department.
11. Count the number of orders placed by each customer.
12. Find the departments that have more than 15 employees.
13. Get the maximum and minimum prices for each product category.
🔹 Section 4: Sorting and Limiting
14. List the top 5 products with the highest price.
15. Show the 10 most recently added customers sorted by created_at date (latest first).