GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Chandkheda, Ahmedabad
C.K. Pithawala College of Engg &
Technology, Surat
Computer Engineering Department
A detail report
on Automatic
Street Light
Control Using
LDR And Diode.
Under the Subject of Basic
Electronics Engineering
(BE010111000)
BE – I, Semester – I
Academic Year 2025-2026
Submitted By:-
NAME ROLL ENROLLMENT NO.
NO.
HELLY BALDHA 415 250090107012
NEEL KANSARA 442 250090107062
HAPPY KHATRI 420 250090107067
VINIT PATIL 424 250090107172
SURAJ 441 250090107184
RAJPUROHIT
ROXY SHELIYA 416 250090107210
C.K.
Pithawala
College of
Engg &
Technolog
y, Surat
CERTIFICA
TE
This is to certify that the report entitled “ ”
has been carried out by , Enrollment No:
under the subject of “Basic Electronics Engineering” (BE01000111) .
Place: Surat
Date:
Guide Head of Department
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Automatic Street Light Control Using LDR
And Diode.
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my
teachers and mentors for providing guidance and
support throughout the completion of this mini project.
I am also thankful for the resources and references
that helped me understand and build the Automatic
Street Light Control Using LDR And Diode.
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Table Of Contents
[Link]
[Link] 1: Introduction
[Link] 2: Circuit Diagram and Working
[Link] 3: Output
5. Advantages And Disadvantages
[Link]
[Link]
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Abstract
The project “Automatic Street Light Using LDR and Diode”
aims to develop an efficient and reliable system that
automatically switches street light ON and OFF based on
ambient light levels. The system uses a Light Dependent
Resistor (LDR) to sense the intensity of surrounding light
and a diode to ensure correct current flow and protection
against reverse voltage. During darkness, the LDR
exhibits high resistance, activating the transistor–relay
mechanism to turn ON the street lights, while in daylight,
its resistance drops and the lights are switched OFF. This
automation reduces manual effort, conserves energy, and
enhances operational efficiency. The simplicity, low cost,
and effectiveness of the circuit make it suitable for
various outdoor lighting applications such as streets,
campuses, parks, and residential areas.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Electricity conservation is an important aspect of modern infrastructure, especially
in urban areas. Street lighting consumes a significant amount of energy, and
traditional systems require manual switching, which is inefficient and prone to
human error. To address these issues, an Automatic Street Light Control System
using an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) and a diode is implemented. This system
automatically turns ON street lights during darkness and turns them OFF during
daylight, thus saving energy and reducing manual intervention.
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Chapter 2: Circuit Diagram and
Working
Circuit Diagram:
(Insert your drawn circuit diagram here.)
Working:
The operation of the automatic street light control system is
based on the variation in resistance of the LDR with changing
light intensity.
Daytime (Light Present):
LDR resistance is LOW.
Voltage at transistor base is insufficient to activate it.
Relay remains OFF.
Street light remains OFF.
Nighttime (Darkness):
LDR resistance becomes HIGH.
Sufficient base voltage is applied to the transistor.
Transistor switches ON and activates the relay.
Relay turns ON the street light.
Street light remains ON until daylight returns.
The diode ensures correct polarity and prevents damage due
to reverse current.
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Chapter 3: Output
The system automatically responds to changes in light
intensity without manual operation.
In daylight, the LDR resistance becomes low, keeping the
transistor OFF and the relay deactivated, resulting in the
street light remaining OFF.
In darkness, the LDR resistance increases, which turns the
transistor ON and activates the relay, causing
the street light to turn ON automatically.
The switching between ON and OFF states is smooth and
occurs immediately when light levels change.
The circuit works reliably and demonstrates successful
automatic street light control using simple electronic
components.
The diode effectively protects the transistor from back-EMF
generated by the relay coil, ensuring safe and stable
operation.
The output confirms that the system saves energy by
keeping the light ON only when required, making it efficient
for real-world street lighting applications.
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Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages
Automatically controls street lights without human
intervention.
Helps save electricity by switching lights ON only in darkness
and OFF during daylight.
Simple, low-cost design using basic components like LDR,
transistor, diode, and relay.
Easy to install, operate, and maintain.
Increases efficiency and reliability of street lighting systems.
Reduces manpower requirements and eliminates manual
switching errors.
Environment-friendly as it reduces unnecessary power
consumption.
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Conclusion
The automatic street light control system using an LDR and
diode provides a cost-effective and efficient method for
controlling outdoor lighting. By using the natural variation of
light intensity, the system eliminates manual switching,
reduces energy consumption, and enhances the reliability of
street lighting. Its simplicity makes it suitable for both small-
scale and large-scale installations.
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References
. Provided project PPT content
. Basic Electronics Textbook
. Google
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