0% found this document useful (0 votes)
4 views34 pages

Final Updated Mini Project Report - 2025 - 26

This document outlines a project report for a Bachelor of Technology in Information Technology, detailing the structure and components of a health prediction system using AI and ML. It includes sections such as declaration, certificate, acknowledgements, abstract, and a comprehensive table of contents covering various chapters from introduction to recommendations. The report emphasizes the need for a user-friendly, accurate health prediction system and outlines the objectives, system requirements, and design framework for the project.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
4 views34 pages

Final Updated Mini Project Report - 2025 - 26

This document outlines a project report for a Bachelor of Technology in Information Technology, detailing the structure and components of a health prediction system using AI and ML. It includes sections such as declaration, certificate, acknowledgements, abstract, and a comprehensive table of contents covering various chapters from introduction to recommendations. The report emphasizes the need for a user-friendly, accurate health prediction system and outlines the objectives, system requirements, and design framework for the project.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

TITLE OF MINI PROJECT

<Hard Binding cover page, Times New Roman, Font Size 20><1.5 line spacing>

A Project Report Submitted

For

Bachelor of Technology

In

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
By

NAME OF STUDENT (Roll [Link])


NAME OF STUDENT (Roll [Link])
NAME OF STUDENT (Roll [Link])
NAME OF STUDENT (Roll [Link])
< Times New Roman, Font Size 14>

Under the Supervision of <font size 14>


Name of Guide
Designation, Department
< Times New Roman, font size 14>

Department of Information Technology


School of Computer Science & Information Technology
NOIDA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
GREATER NOIDA
(An Autonomous Institute)
Affiliated to
DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW
April, 2026
i
< Times New Roman, font size 14>
<SPECIMEN 1st page of project report>
TITLE OF PROJECT
A Project Report Submitted

For

Bachelor of Technology

In

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
By

NAME OF STUDENT (Roll [Link])


NAME OF STUDENT (Roll [Link])
NAME OF STUDENT (Roll [Link])
NAME OF STUDENT (Roll [Link])
< Times New Roman, Font Size 14>

Under the Supervision of <font size 14>


Name of Guide
Designation, Department
< Times New Roman, font size 14>

Department of Information Technology


School of Computer Science & Information Technology
NOIDA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,
GREATER NOIDA
(An Autonomous Institute)
Affiliated to
DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW
April, 2026
DECLARATION
<Times New Roman, font size 14>

We hereby declare that the work presented in this report entitled “MINI PROJECT

TITLE”, was carried out by us. We have not submitted the matter embodied in this report for

any other University or Institute. We have given due credit to the original authors/sources for

all the words, ideas, diagrams, graphics, computer programs, experiments, results, that are not

my original contribution. We have used quotation marks to identify verbatim sentences and

given credit to the original authors/sources.

< Times New Roman, font size 12>

Name :
Roll Number :
(Candidate Signature)
Name :
Roll Number :
(Candidate Signature)
Name :
Roll Number :
(Candidate Signature)
Name :
Roll Number :
(Candidate Signature)

i
CERTIFICATE
< Times New Roman, font size 14>

Certified that Name of student_1(Roll No_1: xxxxxxxxxxxxx), Name of student_2(Roll

No_2: xxxxxxxxxxxxx), Name of student_3(Roll No_3: xxxxxxxxxxxxx), Name of

student_3(Roll No_3: xxxxxxxxxxxxx), Name of student_4(Roll No_4: xxxxxxxxxxxxx)

have carried out the mini project work presented in this report entitled “Title of Mini

Project” for the Bachelor of Technology, Information Technology from Dr. APJ Abdul

Kalam Technical University, Lucknow under our supervision. The Project Report embodies

results of original work, and studies are carried out by the students herself/himself.

< Times New Roman, font size 12>

Signature Signature

(Name of Guide) (Dr Ritesh Rastogi)

(Designation) Professor (HOD,IT)


Information Technology Information Technology
NIET Greater Noida NIET Greater Noida

Date:

ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
<Times New Roman, font size 14>

We would like to express my gratitude towards Name of Guide for their guidance and
constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project &
also for their support in completing the project.
Our thanks and appreciations to respected Dr Ritesh Rastogi, Dr Prabha S Nair, for their
motivation and support throughout.
<Times New Roman, font size 12>

iii
ABSTRACT
<Times New Roman, font size 14>

<It should be typed single line spacing, in Times New Roman with font size 12 .>

iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Declaration i
Certificate ii
Acknowledgements iii
Abstract iv
Dedication (optional)
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
List of Abbreviations ix

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1-10


1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM 1
1.1.1 4
1.1.2 3
[Link]

1.2 IDENTIFIED ISSUES/RESEARCH GAPS 7


1.3 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE 8
1.4 PROJECT REPORT ORGANIZATION 9
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 10-14
2.1 EXISTING SYSTEMS AND TOOLS
2.2 COMPARATIVE STUDY
2.2.1
2.3 LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING SYSTEMS
2.4. NEED FOR PROPOSED SYSTEM
CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM REQUIREMENT AND ANALYSIS 15-20
3.1 REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION
3.1.1 Functional Requirements
3.1.2 Non-Functional Requirements
3.2 SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
3.3. PRELIMINARY PRODUCT DESCRIPTION/ MODULES DETAIL
3.4 USE CASE DIAGRAM
CHAPTER 4: SYSTEM DESIGN 23-29
4.1 SDLC MODEL

v
4.2 ARCHITECTURE DESIGN
4.3. DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS (DFD)
4.4. UML DIAGRAMS
4.4.1. Class Diagram
4.4.2 Sequence Diagram
4.4.3. Activity Diagram
4.5. ER Diagram
CHAPTER 5: METHODOLOGY & IMPLEMENTATION 30-35

5.1. DATASET DESCRIPTION


5.2 IMPLEMENTATION APPROACHES
5.3 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
5.3 CODING DETAILS AND CODE EFFICIENCY
5.4 CODE EFFICIENCY
CHAPTER 6: SOFTWARE TESTING 36-40

6.1 TESTING METHODS USED


6.1.1 Unit Testing
6.1.2 Integration Testing
6.1.3 System Testing
6.2 TEST CASES AND RESULTS TABLE
6.3 MODIFICATIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS

CHAPTER 7: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 41- 45


CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION 47-48
8.1SUMMARY OF THE STUDY
8.1.1 Recap of key findings
8..2 RESTATEMENT OF PROBLEM/OBJECTIVE
8.3 KEY FINDINGS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
CHAPTER 9: RECOMMENDATION & FUTURE WORK 49-50
9.1 Larger datasets, hybrid models, real-time IoT integration
CHAPTER 10: REFERENCES 51-52
APPENDICES 53-54

vi
LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Table Caption Page No

4.1 Output for Tokenization 72

5.1 Dataset 48

5.2 Comparison of accuracy of DL-based 58


Method with NLP techniques and Used
Methods

vii
LIST OF FIGURES

Fig No Caption Page No

1.1 NLP 13

4.1 Block Diagram 58

4.2 Text Normalization 60

4.3 Example of Lemmatization 61

4.4 Example for Word Embedding 63

4.5 Recurrent Neural Network 64

5.1 Label Values 69

5.2 Applying stopwords 69

5.3 EDA 70

5.4 Applying Multilabel Binarizer 70

5.5 Final corpus before training 71

5.6 Generating word cloud 71

5.7 Count vectorizer 72

viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviation Full Form

DL Deep learning

LDA Latent Dirichlet allocation

LSTM Long short-term memory

GRU Gated Recurrent Unit

NLP Natural language processing

TF-IDF Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency

GloVe Global Vectors

CURB Scalable Online Algorithm

EANN Event Adversarial Neural Network

BiLSTM Bidirectional LSTM

CNN Convolutional neural network

MLP Multilayer perceptron

API Application programming interface

NB Naive Bayes

CNN Convolution neural network

NER Named Entity Recognition

KNN K-Nearest Neighbours

ix
x
CHAPTER 1
<Font size 20>

INTRODUCTION:

<Times New Roman, Font size 12>

1.1 OBJECTIVES:

Write text here………….


< Times New Roman, Font size 12>

11
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Problem


In recent years, the demand for intelligent healthcare systems has surged due to an increase in
health awareness and the rapid spread of diseases. Traditional diagnosis methods are time-
consuming and often depend on manual assessment, which may lead to human error. Hence,
there is a need for a system that can provide quick and accurate health predictions using
artificial intelligence.
1.2 Role of AI and ML in Healthcare
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have revolutionized healthcare by
enabling systems to analyze large datasets, predict diseases, and assist in early diagnosis.
Machine learning models can learn from historical health data to predict the likelihood of
diseases based on symptoms and lifestyle parameters.
1.3 Problem Statement
To design and develop an AI-based health prediction system capable of analyzing user-
provided symptoms and other parameters to predict potential health issues and suggest
preventive actions.
1.4 Objectives
 To collect and preprocess healthcare datasets.
 To apply supervised ML algorithms for disease prediction.
 To design a user-friendly interface for inputs and displaying results.
 To evaluate the performance of different ML models.
1.5 Scope of the Project
This system can be utilized by individuals for early diagnosis, healthcare providers for
assistance in treatment planning, and organizations to assess the overall health profile of a
population.
1.6 Report Organization
Chapter 2: Literature Survey
Chapter 3: System Requirements & Analysis
Chapter 4: System Design
Chapter 5: Methodology & Implementation

12
Chapter 6: Testing and Chapter
Chapter 7: Results and Analysis
Chapter 8: Conclusion
Chapter 9: Recommendations & Future Work
Chapter 10: References
Chapter 11: Appendices

13
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Introduction
The application of Artificial Intelligence in healthcare is a growing field of research and
innovation. Numerous studies have explored the use of machine learning models for disease
prediction, diagnosis support, and personalized treatment recommendations. This chapter
reviews existing literature and systems relevant to the development of a health prediction
system.
2.2 Existing Health Prediction Systems
Several health prediction models and platforms are currently in use:
 MyHealth Predictor: Uses logistic regression and simple rule-based logic to predict
common illnesses like flu, fever, etc.
 IBM Watson Health: Uses AI to process massive amounts of medical data to assist
in diagnosis and treatment planning.
 HealthCure AI: An online tool that uses ML algorithms for symptom-based
predictions, but has limited accuracy and poor user interface.

S No Author’s Research paper Title Name of Year of Overview/


Name Journal Publication Problem
Statement
in brief of
Research
paper

1 Xyz “Load balancing on IEEE 2023


cloud
Computing ”

2.3 Comparative Analysis

14
System Algorithm Used Features Limitations
MyHealth Logistic
Basic symptom analysis Limited disease types
Predictor Regression
IBM Watson NLP, Deep Comprehensive data Requires large datasets and high
Health Learning analysis computation
Symptom-based
HealthCure AI Random Forest Accuracy below 80%
prediction
2.4 Limitations of Existing Systems
 Many tools have a narrow focus on a limited number of diseases.
 Some systems lack proper interfaces for non-technical users.
 Existing tools often struggle with overfitting or underfitting.
 Few systems implement real-time learning from user inputs.
2.5 Research Gap
Despite advances, most models are not accessible to end users or are too complex. This
project aims to bridge the gap by providing an easy-to-use yet accurate health prediction
system that leverages AIML for effective disease identification and suggestion.
2.6 Summary
This chapter presented a review of existing health prediction systems and identified gaps in
their design and implementation. The findings emphasize the need for a user-friendly,
accurate, and adaptive prediction system using AI and ML technologies.

15
CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS AND
ANALYSIS
3.1 Introduction
This chapter outlines the system requirements for the Health Prediction System using AIML.
It includes functional and non-functional requirements, hardware and software needs, and
system diagrams such as the use case.
3.2 Problem Definition
Users often find it difficult to identify health issues based on symptoms without professional
advice. This system helps users by analyzing inputs using trained ML models and suggesting
probable diseases.
3.3 Functional Requirements
 The system shall allow users to input symptoms.
 The system shall process the symptoms using trained ML models.
 The system shall predict potential diseases based on the input.
 The system shall provide basic preventive suggestions.
 The system shall allow admin access to update the model/dataset.
3.4 Non-Functional Requirements
 Performance: The system should generate predictions in less than 2 seconds.
 Reliability: Should provide at least 85% prediction accuracy.
 Usability: Intuitive GUI for ease of use.
 Security: User data should be securely stored and processed.
3.5 Hardware Requirements
 Processor: Intel i5 or above
 RAM: 8 GB minimum
 Storage: 256 GB SSD
 GPU: Optional for larger datasets
3.6 Software Requirements
 Operating System: Windows/Linux
 Programming Language: Python
 Libraries: Pandas, Scikit-learn, NumPy, Flask
 Database: SQLite or MySQL
3.7 Use Case Diagram

16
Use Case Diagram:
 Actors: User, System, Admin
 Use Cases: Enter symptoms, Predict disease, View result, Update data (admin)
(Diagram Placeholder: Use Case Diagram showing interactions between User, System, and
Admin)
3.8 Summary
This chapter defined the requirements for developing the Health Prediction System. It
outlined the system’s functional and non-functional aspects, hardware and software
prerequisites, and an overview of interactions via a use case diagram.

17
CHAPTER 4
SYSTEM DESIGN

4.1 Introduction
This chapter provides the design framework of the Health Prediction System. It covers the
system architecture, component interaction, and flow of data, highlighting the integration of
machine learning, database, and the front-end interface.
4.2 System Architecture
The architecture of the system follows a modular approach with three main layers:
 Presentation Layer: User interface built with HTML/CSS and Flask.
 Logic Layer: ML model processing, symptom analysis, and disease prediction.
 Data Layer: Database for storing datasets, user input, and results.
(Diagram Placeholder: Architecture Diagram showing User Interface → ML Engine →
Database)
4.3 Component Design
 User Input Module: Accepts symptoms via a web interface.
 Preprocessing Module: Converts raw text into a suitable format for ML model.
 ML Prediction Module: Loads the trained model and predicts disease.
 Output Module: Displays results with disease probability and suggestions.
4.4 Data Flow Diagram (DFD)
 Level 0 DFD: High-level overview of user-system interaction.
 Level 1 DFD: Detailed breakdown of data flow among components.
(Diagram Placeholder: DFD Level 0 and Level 1 showing input, processing, output steps)
4.5 ER Diagram
 Represents database structure and relationships among tables like users, symptoms,
predictions, diseases.

(Diagram Placeholder: ER Diagram showing entities and relationships)


4.6 Database Design
4.7 Summary

The system design adopts a modular and scalable architecture that allows for seamless
integration of machine learning into a user-centric health prediction application. The DFDs
and ER diagrams offer a clear visualization of component interactions and database structure.

18
(Diagram Summary Placeholder: Combined visual showing Level 0 & 1 DFDs, ER Diagram,
and Database Tables.)

19
CHAPTER 5
METHODOLOGY & IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 Introduction
This chapter explains the methodology adopted to build the Health Prediction System. It
describes the data collection, preprocessing techniques, model selection, training, and
evaluation.
5.2 Data Collection
The dataset used includes symptoms and diseases mapped from medical research and online
repositories such as Kaggle and UCI Machine Learning Repository. It contains records of
various symptoms associated with common and complex diseases.
5.3 Data Preprocessing
 Handling Missing Values: Null values are filled using appropriate statistical
techniques (e.g., mean or mode).
 Label Encoding: Symptoms and diseases are encoded to numerical formats for ML
compatibility.
 Normalization: Data is scaled for better performance of ML algorithms.
5.4 Feature Selection
Symptom frequency and correlation analysis are used to identify the most impactful
symptoms that contribute significantly to disease prediction.
5.5 Algorithm Selection
Multiple machine learning algorithms were considered:
 Decision Tree Classifier: For transparent rule-based decisions.
 Random Forest Classifier: For accuracy improvement and overfitting reduction.
 Naive Bayes: Due to its effectiveness in categorical datasets.
Random Forest was selected as the primary algorithm due to its higher accuracy and
robustness across test datasets.
5.6 Model Training
The dataset is split into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets. The model is trained using the
training data and validated with the test data to evaluate its accuracy and precision.
5.7 Evaluation Metrics
The following metrics are used to evaluate the model performance:
 Accuracy: Overall correctness of the model.

20
 Precision and Recall: For evaluating false positives and false negatives.
 F1-Score: Harmonic mean of precision and recall.
 Confusion Matrix: Visual representation of prediction accuracy.
5.8 Tools and Libraries Used
 Programming Language: Python
 Libraries: Scikit-learn, Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib
 Framework: Flask (for deployment)
 Editor/IDE: Jupyter Notebook, VS Code
5.9 Summary
This chapter described the end-to-end methodology used in developing the health prediction
system—from dataset preparation to model selection and evaluation. The use of Random
Forest proved effective in achieving accurate predictions, making the system reliable for
practical use.

21
CHAPTER 6
SOFTWARE TESTING

6.1 Introduction
This chapter outlines the implementation process and the testing procedures used to ensure
the reliability and functionality of the Health Prediction System. It includes environment
setup, unit testing, system testing, and deployment strategies.
6.2 Implementation Setup
 Front-End: HTML, CSS, and Bootstrap for responsive design.
 Back-End: Python Flask framework handles server-side logic.
 Database: SQLite for lightweight, fast data operations.
 Model Integration: Trained Random Forest model is serialized using joblib and
integrated into the Flask application.
6.3 Implementation Steps
1. User Interface Design: Input form for entering symptoms.
2. Model Loading: ML model is loaded into the back-end using Flask.
3. Prediction Process: Symptoms are passed to the model, and results are returned.
4. Result Display: The result is rendered on a result page with suggestions.
6.4 Testing Types
6.4.1 Unit Testing
Each individual component was tested independently:
 Input validation module
 Model prediction function
 Database CRUD operations
6.4.2 Integration Testing
Checked interaction between front-end, back-end, and database.
 Form submission and symptom retrieval
 Model output and result rendering
6.4.3 System Testing
End-to-end testing of the entire system:
 User submits symptoms
 System returns correct prediction

22
 Outputs stored in database
6.4.4 User Acceptance Testing (UAT)
Feedback was collected from a group of users including students and healthcare professionals
to validate:
 Ease of use
 Accuracy of predictions
 Clarity of suggestions
6.5 Test Results
Test cases showed:
 Model Accuracy: 89.6%
 System Uptime: 99%
 Response Time: < 2 seconds
 Bug Count Post UAT: 3 minor UI bugs fixed before deployment
6.6 Deployment
The system was deployed on a local server using Flask. For production, platforms like
Heroku or AWS EC2 can be used. Deployment steps:
1. Install required libraries
2. Run Flask application
3. Access via browser at localhost:5000
6.7 Summary
This chapter detailed the testing and implementation of the system. Rigorous unit and system
testing ensured stability and accuracy. User feedback confirmed that the application is user-
friendly and meets its objectives.

23
CHAPTER 7
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

7.1 Introduction
This chapter presents the outcomes of the implemented health prediction system. It covers the
interpretation of results, analysis of unexpected outcomes, implications of findings, and
limitations of the study.
7.2 A. Interpretation of Results
The model achieved an accuracy of 89.6% using the Random Forest algorithm. Precision,
recall, and F1-score values indicate balanced performance across multiple disease classes.
The confusion matrix reveals high true positive rates, particularly for common diseases such
as flu, cold, and diabetes.
 High Precision: Indicates low false positives, suitable for initial screening.
 High Recall: Suggests that most relevant diseases were correctly predicted.
 F1-Score: Balanced measure showing robustness of predictions.
7.3 B. Explanation of Unexpected Findings
Some unexpected misclassifications were noted:
 Overlap of Symptoms: Diseases with overlapping symptoms like flu and COVID-19
caused confusion.
 Sparse Data: Rare diseases with limited training data led to inaccurate predictions.
Possible explanations:
 Incomplete or imbalanced datasets.
 Lack of contextual patient history.
7.4 C. Implications of the Findings
 For Theory: Confirms the effectiveness of ensemble learning in healthcare
prediction.
 For Practice: The model can assist healthcare providers in triaging and early
diagnosis.
 For Policy: Reinforces the need for digitized health records and AI integration in
public health.
7.5 D. Limitations of the Study
 Dataset Dependency: Relies heavily on the quality and size of the training dataset.

24
 Symptom-Only Model: Does not consider demographic or genetic factors.
 Scalability: Current implementation is local and may need optimization for large-
scale deployment.
7.6 Summary
The health prediction system shows promising results with high accuracy and usability. Some
challenges were identified, particularly around data limitations and symptom overlap.
Overall, the findings support the feasibility of AI-driven health assessments for non-critical
diagnostics.

25
CHAPTER 8
CONCLUSION

It looks like Chapter 8: Conclusion has already been completed. Here's a recap:
1. Summary of the Study: It demonstrated the effectiveness of AI and ML in predicting
diseases based on symptoms.
2. Restatement of the Problem/Objective: Focused on creating a user-friendly health
prediction system.
3. Key Findings: Random Forest model showed high accuracy, and users found the
system helpful.
4. Recommendations for Future Research: Suggested improvements like integrating
demographic data, using NLP, and developing a mobile version.

26
CHAPTER 9
RECOMMENDATIONS & FUTURE WORK

9.1 Practical Recommendations Based on the Findings


Based on the findings of this study, the following practical recommendations are made:
1. Integration into Healthcare Systems: The Health Prediction System can be
integrated into existing healthcare platforms, providing a supplementary tool for
healthcare professionals to assist in early diagnosis.
2. Scalability for Larger Populations: The system should be optimized for scalability
to handle large datasets and real-time predictions. This can be achieved by deploying
the system on cloud platforms such as AWS or Azure.
3. Incorporation of More Diseases and Symptoms: The dataset used in this study can
be expanded to include more diseases and symptoms, improving the model’s ability to
diagnose a wider range of health conditions.
4. User Education: Provide users with educational materials on the importance of early
health detection and how to interpret the results given by the system.
5. Collaboration with Medical Institutions: The system could be further validated in
collaboration with medical institutions to ensure its accuracy and reliability in a real-
world healthcare setting.
6. Mobile Application Development: A mobile version of the system should be
developed to increase accessibility and allow users to access health predictions on-
the-go.
9.2 Policy Implications
The findings of this project highlight the importance of integrating AI-based health prediction
tools into public health frameworks. The following policy implications are suggested:
1. Encouragement of AI in Healthcare: Governments and healthcare organizations
should encourage the adoption of AI tools for improving healthcare services,
especially in rural and underserved areas.

27
2. Data Privacy and Security: Policymakers should ensure robust regulations to protect
user data, particularly in health-related applications. Clear guidelines on data storage,
sharing, and usage should be implemented.
3. Collaboration Between Technology and Healthcare: Policymakers should foster
collaboration between the tech industry and healthcare providers to create innovative
solutions that address real-world healthcare challenges.
4. Ethical Considerations: AI systems should be designed with ethical considerations
in mind, including fairness, transparency, and accountability, to prevent biases and
ensure equitable access to healthcare.
9.3 Summary
The recommendations provided emphasize the importance of further development and
integration of the Health Prediction

28
CHAPTER 10
REFERENCES

<Times New Roman, Font size 12, IEEE Referencing Style>

[[Link].] Author’s name. Author’s Surname, “Title of article”, Journal Title, Volume number,
issue number, page numbers, Year. Available Online: URL

[1] Robles,T, Alcaria,R., [Link]és, D.M., [Link], M.N., Calero, R..,Iglesias,S., &
Lopez, .M, “An IoT based reference architecture for smart water management processes”, J.
Wirel. Mob. Networks Ubiquitous Comput. Dependable Appl, 6(1), 4-23. (2015).
[2] Lee,.S.W., Sarp,.S., Jeon, .D.J., & .Kim, .J.H.. “Smart water grid: the future water
management platform”. Desalination and Water Treatment, 55(2), 339-346, (2015).

29
CHAPTER 10
REFERENCES
1. IEEE Style:
o Author(s), "Title of the paper/book," Publisher/Journal Name, vol. number,
no. number, pp. page numbers, Year.
o Example:
 Smith, J., "AI in Healthcare: A Review," Journal of AI Research, vol.
15, no. 3, pp. 45-56, 2020.
2. APA Style:
o Author(s). (Year). Title of the paper/book. Publisher/Journal Name,
Volume(Issue), pages. DOI/Publisher
o Example:
 Smith, J. (2020). AI in healthcare: A review. Journal of AI Research,
15(3), 45-56. [Link]
Sample References (These are just examples, replace them with actual references):
 Mishra, A., & Gupta, S. (2021). Machine learning algorithms in healthcare systems: A
review. International Journal of AI and Healthcare, 12(2), 98-105.
[Link]
 Kumar, R., & Singh, P. (2020). Data preprocessing techniques in healthcare
prediction systems. Journal of Health Informatics, 25(4), 234-245.
[Link]
 Zhang, H., & Lee, J. (2022). Random Forest for disease prediction: A case study.
Medical Data Science Review, 18(6), 12-18. [Link]

30
APPENDICES

 <Times New Roman, Font size 12>

 (Appendix may include Raw datasets used, Computer Programs, Fundamental


Theorems, Charts, Graphs, Audio Video File Links, Any Probability
Distribution used, Log Table Used, etc.)

31

You might also like