KALINGA STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND NATURAL SCIENCES

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
KALINGA STATE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
MODULE 6
HISTORY 11: LIFE & WORKS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL
UNDER: Elmer B. Basacoy

Objectives:
1. To discuss Noli Me Tangere and its impact to Philippine Independence
2. To emulate to the students the virtue of freedom and independence
3. To explain how Noli Me Tangere affected Jose Rizal’s life
4. To discuss the different characters in the novel

SUMMARY OF THE NOLIME TANGERE

Noli Me Tangere takes place in the Philippines during the time of Spanish colonization. In the opening scene, a
wealthy and influential Filipino man named Captain Tiago hosts a dinner party to welcome Juan Crisóstomo Ibarra y
Magsalin back to the Philippines. Ibarra has spent the last seven years studying in Europe. In talking to the various
guests at Captain Tiago’s dinner party, he discovers that his father, Don Rafael, recently died, though he doesn’t
know why or how. During the dinner, Father Dámaso, a loud-mouthed friar Ibarra has known since childhood, stands
up and insults Ibarra, disparaging him for having traveled to Europe to pursue an education he could have obtained in
the Philippines. In response, Ibarra swallows his pride and refrains from directing insults at the half-drunk friar. Instead,
he leaves the dinner early, ignoring Captain Tiago’s plea that he stay a little longer in order to see his fiancée (and
Captain Tiago’s daughter), María Clara.

On his way home, Ibarra walks with Señor Guevara, a lieutenant of the Civil Guard, Spain’s colonial armed forces
that police the Philippines. The lieutenant explains that a few months after Ibarra left, Father Dámaso accused Don
Rafael of not going to confession. Don Rafael was a very powerful man, which meant he had many enemies in both the
Spanish government and in the church. The lieutenant tells Ibarra that one day Don Rafael came upon a government
tax collector beating a boy in the street. When Rafael interfered, he accidentally pushed the man too hard, causing the
tax collector to hit his head on a rock. This injury eventually led to the man’s death, and Ibarra’s father was thrown in
jail and accused of subversion and heresy. At this point, Father Dámaso heaped new accusations on him and
everybody abandoned him. By the time he was finally proven innocent, Guevara explains, Don Rafael had already died
in prison.

Ibarra goes to his hometown, San Diego, where the unfortunate events of his father’s death took place. Since
Captain Tiago owns multiple properties there, María Clara also relocates to San Diego. November is approaching, a
time the town celebrates with a large festival. This festival is surrounded by various religious holidays, such as All
Souls’ Day, which commemorates dead people in purgatory waiting for their souls to be cleansed before ascending to
heaven. Taking advantage of this, San Diego’s priests implore the villagers to purchase indulgences, which they claim
shorten the length of time a soul must languish in purgatory. Ibarra quickly sees that the power of the Catholic friars in
the Philippines has greatly increased since he left for Europe, a fact made clear by their control over even
governmental officials. For instance, Father Salví, San Diego’s new priest, is constantly at odds with the military
ensign in charge of the village’s faction of the Civil Guard. Salví uses his important religious position to spite the
ensign, fining the man for missing church services and delivering purposefully boring sermons when he does attend.

The friars interfere with other elements of everyday life in San Diego too, which Ibarra learns after speaking
with the schoolmaster. The schoolmaster tells him that Father Dámaso actively meddles with his educational
techniques by demanding that he teach only in the country’s native language, Tagalog, instead of instructing the
children to speak Spanish. Dámaso also insists that the schoolmaster beat the children, creating a hostile environment
that doesn’t lend itself to productive learning. Hearing this, Ibarra decides to build a secular school in San Diego, a
project his father dreamed about before his death. On the advice of the town’s old philosopher, Tasio, Ibarra presents
his ideas to the town’s religious and civic leaders, making it seem as if he wants them to be involved with the school,
even though he plans to ignore their influence after it is built.

Meanwhile, two poor boys named Crispín and Basilio study to be sextons, or people who take care of the church.
They do so in order to financially help their mother, Sisa, but Crispín is unfairly accused of theft and thus must work
constantly with his brother to pay off the absurd amounts the chief sexton claims that Crispín owes the church. When
he protests this injustice one night, Crispín is hauled away and severely beaten. Scared for his brother’s life, Basilio
searches him out before running home during a storm and waiting in vain with his mother for Crispín to appear. This
never materializes, and the next day Basilio goes back into town. Frightened, Sisa looks for both her boys and is told
that the Civil Guard has been ordered to arrest them for theft, though nobody can find them. She herself is arrested
and then released, at which point she searches throughout the night for her boys, working herself into permanent
insanity and destitution as she wanders the town and the surrounding woods.

Visiting the Catholic cemetery, Ibarra speaks to a gravedigger and learns that, upon Father Dámaso’s orders, he
dug up Don Rafael’s body. Although the friar had instructed the gravedigger to take Rafael’s body to the Chinese
cemetery—a less respected cemetery—the gravedigger threw Don Rafael into the lake, thinking it a more honorable
resting place.

Ibarra and the town’s influential religious and government leaders decide to celebrate the new school on the
same day as the town’s fiesta. The church makes plans to bless the new educational building (though it is not yet
completed) directly after a long sermon by Father Dámaso. During this sermon, a mysterious figure approaches Ibarra.
His name is Elías, a man whose life Ibarra recently saved on an eventful fishing trip. Elías tells Ibarra that there is a
plan to kill him during the school’s benediction ceremony, warning him not to walk beneath a certain large stone
suspended by a pulley system. Ibarra ignores this advice, and sure enough, the stone hurdles toward him. Luckily Elías
takes action and covertly puts the criminal—the man plotting against Ibarra—in the way of the stone, killing him
instead of Ibarra. The festivities go on, but Ibarra now knows he has enemies.

That night, during a celebratory dinner hosted by Ibarra, Father Dámaso arrives uninvited. All of San Diego’s most
respected individuals are in attendance, including the governor and the town’s other friars. Dámaso loudly insults the
school and its architecture while also making callous remarks about “indios,” a racial slur for native Filipinos. He
flippantly speaks about how “indios” abandon their country because they think they’re superior, traveling to Europe
instead. “In this life the fathers of such vipers are punished,” he says. “They die in jail, eh, eh, or rather, they have no
place…” When Ibarra hears Dámaso make this crude reference to his father’s unfair death, he jumps up and pins the
priest down, holding a knife in his free hand and publicly accusing Dámaso of exhuming his father’s body. Ibarra says
he won’t kill Dámaso, but his actions say otherwise, and as he lifts the knife to bury it in the friar’s body, María Clara
snatches it from his hand.

In the aftermath of this scandalous event, Ibarra is excommunicated from the church. Captain Tiago proves
himself a spineless socialite by calling off the wedding between Ibarra and María Clara, instead betrothing his daughter
to Linares, a young man from Spain. Linares is the nephew of Don Tiburcio de Espadaña, a fraudulent doctor who
treats María Clara for a sudden illness that incapacitates her for several days after the incident between Ibarra and
Father Dámaso. Meanwhile, the Captain General—the topmost government official representing Spain—visits San
Diego. The friars implore him to punish Ibarra, but because his priorities are more civic than religious and because he
supports Ibarra’s mission to build a school, he pulls strings to have the young man’s excommunication lifted.

While Ibarra continues his project, Father Salví makes arrangements with a man named Lucas, the brother of the
man hired to kill Ibarra with the large stone. Because his brother died, Lucas wants revenge on Ibarra. Father Salví—
who secretly loves María Clara and who believes Ibarra is a heretic—hatches a plot with Lucas to frame Ibarra. With
Lucas’s help, he organizes a band of rebels to attack the Civil Guard’s military barracks, telling them that Ibarra is the
ringleader. Hours before the attack takes place, Father Salví rushes to the ensign and warns him of the plan, making
sure to request that the ensign let it be known that he—Salví—was the one to save the town by discovering the plot
and issuing a warning.

The attack goes according to Salví and Lucas’s plan, and Ibarra is arrested. He is imprisoned and found guilty, a
verdict based on an ambiguous line in a letter he sent to María Clara. Once again Elías comes to the rescue, breaking
him out of prison and taking him away in a boat. Before they leave town, Ibarra stops at María Clara’s house, climbs
onto her patio, and says goodbye to her. She explains that she only parted with his letter—which led to his guilty
sentencing—because she was blackmailed. Apparently, a man came to her and told her that her real father is Fray
Dámaso, not Captain Tiago. The man threatened to spread this information if she didn’t give him Ibarra’s letter.
Feeling that she must protect Captain Tiago’s honor and the memory of her deceased mother, she handed over
Ibarra’s letter. Nonetheless, she tells Ibarra that she will always love him and that she is deeply sorry for having
betrayed him.

After saying goodbye to María Clara, Ibarra gets into Elías’s boat. As the two men row into the night, they continue
a heated discussion they’ve already begun about the nature of revolution and reform, debating the merits of working
within a corrupt system to change it rather than overthrowing the system completely. As they talk, they realize they’re
being chased by another boat. Elías tries to out-row their pursuers, but quickly realizes they’ll eventually catch up. As
bullets whip by, he tells Ibarra to row, deciding to jump off the boat to confuse the people behind them. Before diving,
he tells Ibarra to meet him on Christmas Eve in the woods near San Diego, where Ibarra’s grandfather is buried with
the family’s riches. When Elías plunges into the water, the boat follows him instead of Ibarra. Elías throws them off by
diving deep into the water, only surfacing periodically. Soon, though, the people chasing him don’t see him come back
up. They even think they see a bit of blood in the water.

Back in San Diego, Father Dámaso visits María Clara, who tells him she can’t marry Linares because she doesn’t
love him. She references a newspaper, which falsely reported that Ibarra was found dead on the banks of the lake. She
tells the friar that this news has given her no reason to live and, as such, she can’t go through with the wedding,
instead deciding to enter a convent.

On Christmas Eve, the young Basilio wanders forth from a cabin in the woods, where he’s been living with a kind
family ever since the Civil Guard started looking for him. He goes into San Diego in search of Sisa, his mother. When
he finds her, she doesn’t recognize him and runs away, leading him back to the woods, where she goes to the old
tomb that contains Ibarra’s grandfather. Once he finally catches up to his mother, though, Basilio faints. Seeing finally
that he is her son, Sisa covers him with kisses. When Basilio wakes up, he finds that she has died by his side. At that
moment, Elías appears. He is wounded, and seeing that Ibarra has not arrived, he tells Basilio he is about to die,
instructing the boy to burn his and Sisa’s bodies on a pyre. Looking up at the sky, he utters his final words: “I die
without seeing dawn’s light shining on my country…You, who will see it, welcome it for me…don’t forget those who fell
during the nighttime.” The book ends without mention of Ibarra’s fate.

Activity: Make your own reflection on the novel.

Note: At least 5 paragraph. It should be in English or PURE ILOKANO.

MODULE 7
HISTORY 11: LIFE & WORKS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL
UNDER: Elmer B. Basacoy

Objectives:
1. To discuss those that have transpired when he returned back home
2. To explain the predicaments Dr. Jose Rizal have suffered when he returned home from Spain
3. To explain the consequences of the Novel Noli Me Tangere

HOME AFTER FIVE YEARS

August 5, 1887- he arrived in Manila

Paciano and Silvestre Ubaldo- those who gave warning to Rizal

Reasons of Returning Home:

1. To operate his mother’s eye
2. To serve his countrymen
3. To know the effect of the Noli Me Tangere
4. To know why Leonor Rivera had stopped writing him

Doctor Uliman (German Doctor)- the people called him in calamba

Problems Jose encountered:

1. Not to wander around
2. Not to see Leonor Rivera in Camiling, Tarlac because of both family’s objection
3. Death of Olimpia due to complications from childbirth
4. Furor over the Noli Me Tangere
5. Protesta de Calamba
6. Rizal viewed as a sorcerer and a German spy

Contributions to the people of Laguna:

1. Opening a clinic and free services to the poor
2. Opening a gymnasium (fencing, shooting and gymnastic)
3. Civic affairs

Governor General Emilio Terrero-who invited Jose Rizal to explain the novel
Taviel de Andrade-assigned bodyguard of Jose Rizal
Pedro Payo-Archbishop of Manila who sent copy of the novel to the rector of UST
Fr. Gregorio Echavarria- Rector of UST who formed a committee to review on the Noli Me Tangere
Note: the committee denounce the novel by saying, “is heretical, impious and scandalous in the religious order,
anti-patriotic, subversive of public interest, injurious to the governor general of Spain and of the Philippine islands in
the political order”
Fr. Salvador Font- Permanent Commission on Censorship head
- Agustinian Curate of Tondo
- Prohibited the reproduction and distribution of the novel
Note: all the more the people became interested with the novel
5 pesetas-original price of the Novel
Perfecto Rufino-who agreed to smuggle sacks of the novel from Hongkong and dock it to Manila.
Fr. Jose Rodriguez-friar of Guadalupe who wrote CAINGAT CAYO warning the people who read the novel that they are
committing
mortal sins
Marcelo H. Del Pilar- defender of the novel who wrote a response to Fr. Rodriguez entitled CAIIGAT CAYO (slippery as
an eel)
Fr. Sanchez-former professor of Jose Rizal who defended the novel in public
Fr. Garcia- Filipino Catholic Priest who said that Jose Rizal could not be as ignorant man because he is a graduate in
Spain
Governor General Valeriano Weyler-replaced Terrero and deported 50 individuals to Mindoro including Paciano and
Silvestre

RIZAL’S FIRST TRIP TO HONGKONG AND MACAO

February 3, 1888 - left Manila for Hongkong after 6 months

Note: while in Hongkong, Rizal wrote a letter to Dr. Blumentritt expressing his sadness and bitterness to his enemies
Contents:
1. False accusation of holding secret meetings to overthrow the government of Spain in the Philippines
2. Offering of money to leave Philippines for his safety and their safety as well
Hotel Victoria- private hotel where Rizal stayed for 2 weeks
February 18-21, 1888- visited Macao, a Portuguese colony
February 22, 1888- Rizal left Hongkong for Japan through OCEANIC

INTERLUDE IN JAPAN (February-April 1888)

February 28, 1888-arrived in Yokohama, Japan
O-sei-san- whom Rizal had a romance while in Japan
Sayonara- Japanese term for goodbye
April 13, 1888- Rizal left Japan for through BELGIC
Tetcho Suehiro- a Japanese writer Rizal met on his way. He wrote “Storm Over the Southern Sea” which is similar to
Noli Me Tangere.

PASSAGE THROOUGH THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

April 8, 1888- Rizal arrived in Francisco, California, USA
Introduce problem of USA on cheap labor as transpired during their arrival
May 4-6, 1888- Rizal stayed in a first class Palce Hotel in San Francisco
May 13, 1888-at New York (he referred to as the Big Town)
Comments to America:
1. Order, prosperity and progress of America
2. America’s material progress as evidenced by its big progressive cities, well-titled farms, and busy
industrial factories
3. Drive and energy of the Americans
4. High Standard of living and scenic spots
5. America’s lack of racial equality (as contrary to their claim as defender of democracy and freedom)
In his letter to his friend JOSE ALEJANDRINO, he said, “America is a land par excellence of freedom but
only for the whites”
Question: What is your view on equality? Your answer shall touch equality on women, lgbtq, race, color, level of
intelligence or nationality

MODULE 8
 HISTORY 11: LIFE & WORKS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL
UNDER: Elmer B. Basacoy
Objectives:
1. To discuss the importance of continuing education
2. To explain the beauty of practicing your own passion
3. To emulate to the students the importance of freedom
4. To explain how the students can apply the values they WILL learn in their lives

RIZAL IN LONDON (May 1888-1889)

 His desire to learn English language was his reason why he immediately left America for London on May 24,
1888

Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor- an exile in 1872 and a practicing lawyer in London
Primrose hill- boarding house of Dr. Rizal
Mr. Becket- owner of the boarding house
Gertrude/ Gettie- eldest becket daughter who was romantically linked to rizal
Dr. Reinhold Rost- librarian of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in England
- Was impressed with the intelligence, education and strength of character of Dr. Rizal and recommended
him to British Museum authorities
- He labeled Rizal as “a pearl of a man”
Dr. Antonio de Morga- author of the “Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas”, a rare Philippine book available in the British
Museum
- In Rizal’s opinion, the book was the best during that time

Various writings while in London:

1. Annotations of the Sucesos de las Isla Filipinas
2. Articles for La Solidaridad
3. La Vision del Fray Rodriguez
- Published in 1889 in Barcelona, Spain under the pen name of Dimasalang
- His answer to Fray Rodriguez attack on the Noli Me Tangere
4. Letter to the Young Women of Malolos- Published in February 1889
- Requested by Marcelo H. Del Pilar
5. Specimen of Tagal Folklore- consisted of Filipino proverbs and puzzles
6. Two eastern fables- which compared the Filipino fabele “monkey and the turtle” with Japanese “the Monkey
and the crab”

RIZAL IN PARIS (Mid March 1889-January 28, 1890)

- Rizal noticed that Parisian life was different. The city was bursting with merriment, exciting events,
unending social gatherings.
Writings and works of Rizal while in Paris:
1. Kidlat Club- Filipino org. that will bring the Filipino people together in Paris
2. Indios Bravos- aimed to prove that Filipinos could also excel intellectually and physically
3. Publishing his edition of Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
4. Por Telefono-answer to Fr. Salvation Fort who banned the Noli Me Tangere

NELIE AND ADELINA- Bousted daughters associated with Rizal

RIZAL IN BELGIUM (January – August 1890)

- Reason for leaving Paris is due to high cost of living and distraction to his works
Jose albert and Jose Alejandrino- roommates of Rizal in Brussels, Belgium
Popular Articles he published while in Belgium were:
1. Filipinas Dentro De Cien Anios- possibility of revolt of the Filipinos against Spain and coming under new power,
USA
2. Sobre In Indolencia de Los Filipinos- defended laziness of then Filipinos
Note: Received bad news from the Phil.

RIZAL IN MADRID (1890-1891)

Activities in Madrid
1. Critic on a Book written by Pi Y Margal
2. Legend of Maria Makiling
3. A mi Musa (To my Muse)
4. Article “How the Philippines are governed?”

Event: with Antonio Luna

Wedding News of Leonor Rivera (Great Love)
- December 1890, he received a letter from Leonor, announcing her marriage to and English Engineer Henry
Kipping
- Leonor Rivera confessed that he still love him but obedience to her parents prevailed
RIVALRY BETWEEN RIZAL AND DEL PILAR
Activity: “Men are by nature polygamous”. Agree or disagree. Defend your answer.

MODULE9
HISTORY 11: LIFE & WORKS OF DR. JOSE RIZAL

UNDER: Elmer B. Basacoy

Objectives:
1. To exemplify the importance of the unity of the Filipinos
2. To emulate the significance of fighting for freedom
3. To help the students understand the value of close family ties
4. To discuss the last words of Dr. Jose Rizal
5. To discuss the value of justice and impartiality

July 3,,1892- Rizal founded the La Liga Filipina

President: Ambrocio Salvador
Fiscal: Agustin de la Rosa
Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo
Secretary: Deodato Arellano

Note: Jose Rizal was summoned to Malacanang because there were handbills found in Lucia’s pillows which includes
articles regarding anti-friar articles

Governor General Despujol- immediately ordered his arrest and detention at Fort Santiago and deported in Dapitan
July 14, 1892- He reached Dapitan
Captain Ricardo Carnicero- whom Rizal sought to live. They become good friends
September 21, 1892- Captain Carnicero, Francisco Equilor, and Jose Rizal were informed that they won
lottery(20,000.00)

Note: Rizal introduced to the people of Dapitan the European method of farming

Rizal’s activity in Dapitan:

1. Agriculture- modern ways of planting, manufacturing and harvesting hemp
2. Trading business in hemp.
3. He opened schools for boys from prominent families in Dapitan.
4. Constructions and community projects.
5. He remodeled the plaza, Rizal constructed a huge relief map of Mindanao which can still be viewed today.
6. As an engineer, he constructed waterworks to furnish clean water.
7. Even in promoting health related activities.
8. Using lamps fueled with coconut oil, he devised a lighting system to light the streets of Dapitan.
9. He also invented a unique lighter made of wood using the principle of compressed air.
10. He practiced medicine.

HIS WIFE
Josephine Bracken – raised by Mr. George Tauffer (Engineer)

Note: The church refused to marry them unless Rizal converts back to Catholicism
They had a son (Francisco) born prematurely but unfortunately died after 3 hrs.
June 21, 1896- Rizal welcomed Dr. Pio Valenzuela (Katipuneros)
-Rizal refused the offer of the Katipuneros to rescue him from Dapitan
Note: Dr. Blumentritt informed Rizal of the status in Cuba and asked him to volunteer for medical services to end his
exile. Rizal sent a letter to Gov Gen Ramon Blanco to inform him of his offer.

July 30, 1896- Blanco replied to Rizal ad Informed him that a safe conduct pass is already ready for his Manila trip
August 6, 1896-He reached Manila on board Espania
August 6, 1896 to September 2- he stayed at the Castilla ship waiting for it to bring him to Spain
Note: Emilio Jacinto tried to rescue Rizal but he refuse.

Activity: Draw any article that you think best represent our national hero. In a short bond paper.