University Algiers 1.
Faculty of law D. Makhlouf Sabrina
Classification of low )(تصنيفات القانون
I / National Law
The law is usually classified into two main divisions : public law and private law.
A - Public LAW : It is a set of rules that regulate relations between two parties, one or both of
whom possess sovereignty or public authority and act in this capacity
Branches of public law: The branches of public law are
A - Constitutional Law القانون الدستوري: considered as the fundamental Law القانون األسمى, it Governs
the organization of the State, its political structure, and citizen participation in public authorities, .
B - Administrative Law: القانون اإلداريRegulates the organization and operation of public
administrations, detailing their relationships with individuals and outlining the responsibilities,
personnel, and legal entities involved.
C - Financial Law : القانون الماليIs the body of legal rules that govern public funds of the state its
various revenues, such as taxes, dues, and loans, and the ways of collecting any spending such funds.
D - Criminal Law: القانون الجنائيIs the body of legal rules that determine crimes الجريمةand types of
punishment العقوبات.
B - PRIVATE LAW is a body of legal rules that govern the relationships among the individuals in general
or between individuals on one hand and the state as an ordinary person doing ordinary acts.
A - Civil Law : القانون المدنيIt is a set of legal rules that organize the relationships among individuals except
the relationships organized by other branches of private law
B - Commercial Law: القانون التجاريIt is a set of legal rules in which organize a certain class of
individuals are merchants and regulates a certain class of works is a business
C - Labor Law: قانون العملIt is that body of legal rules that organize the relationships which arise
between the laborers and the employers.
II / International Law
International law governs relations between states, individuals, and communities of
different nationalities. It is further categorized into public international law and private
international law.
Public international law : القانون الدولي العامfocuses on relationships between sovereign states,
often established through diplomatic conventions, treaties, or international
practices.
أو، المعاهدات، وغالبًا ما يتم تنظيمه من خالل االتفاقيات الدبلوماسية،يركز على العالقات بين الدول ذات السيادة
الممارسات الدولية
Private international law : القانون الدولي الخاصcomes into play when relationships or contracts
involve foreigners or property located abroad.
.يُطبق عندما تتعلق العالقات أو العقود بأجانب أو ممتلكات موجودة في الخارج
III. Mixed Laws القوانين المختلطة
Mixed Laws are branches of law that blend rules from both public and private law. They
reflect the growing complexity of modern legal systems, highlighting the interconnectedness
of legal disciplines. This evolution aligns with trends toward specialization and
interdisciplinary approaches, integrating fields like economics, psychology, and sociology.
القوانين المختلطة هي فروع من القانون تجمع بين قواعد القانون العام والقانون الخاص
. The Development of New Laws
The traditional distinction between private and public law has become insufficient due to the
expansion of legal branches in the 20th century. The growing complexity of socio-economic
activities has driven continuous specialization, leading to the creation of new laws.
Specialized Laws: القوانين المتخصصةModern legal systems feature a growing number of
specialized legal fields alongside traditional areas like commercial and civil law. These
include insurance law, consumer law, intellectual property law, urban planning, construction,
real estate law, and transport law (maritime, land, and air). Business law encompasses matters
related to transaction security and dispute resolution.
New Laws: القوانين الجديدةIn response to social changes, new legal branches have emerged,
such as telecommunications law, environmental law, medical law and bioethics (e.g., organ
donation, assisted procreation), and IT law.