Class 5 Science Notes
Chapter 1: Growing Plants
What are Plants?
Plants are living things that grow from seeds. They need:
Air
Water
Sunlight
Soil
Parts of a Plant
1. Root
Fixes the plant in soil
Absorbs water and minerals
2. Stem
Supports the plant
Carries water and food
3. Leaves
Prepare food using sunlight
4. Flower
Helps in reproduction
5. Fruit
Contains seeds
Photosynthesis
Plants make food with the help of sunlight.
Seed Germination
Seeds grow into new plants. Conditions needed:
Water
Air
Warmth
Chapter 2: Animals and Their Habitats
Habitat
The natural home of an animal is called its habitat.
Types of Habitats
1. Terrestrial Habitat
Animals living on land. Examples:
Lion
Elephant
Camel
2. Aquatic Habitat
Animals living in water. Examples:
Fish
Whale
Octopus
3. Amphibians
Animals living on land and in water. Examples:
Frog
Toad
Adaptations
Special features that help animals survive.
Examples:
Camel stores fat in hump.
Polar bear has thick fur.
Chapter 3: Human Body
Body Systems
The human body has many systems.
1. Digestive System
Helps digest food.
Main organs:
Mouth
Food pipe
Stomach
Intestine
2. Respiratory System
Helps us breathe.
Main organs:
Nose
Windpipe
Lungs
3. Circulatory System
Carries blood to all body parts.
Main organ:
Heart
4. Skeletal System
Made of bones. Functions:
Gives shape
Protects organs
5. Muscular System
Helps movement.
Chapter 4: Food and Health
Nutrients
Useful substances in food.
Types of Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
Give energy. Examples:
Rice
Bread
Potato
2. Proteins
Help growth. Examples:
Pulses
Eggs
Milk
3. Fats
Provide stored energy. Examples:
Butter
Oil
4. Vitamins
Protect us from diseases.
5. Minerals
Keep body healthy.
Balanced Diet
A diet containing all nutrients in proper amount.
Deficiency Diseases
Diseases caused due to lack of nutrients.
Examples:
Scurvy
Rickets
Night blindness
Chapter 5: Air and Water
Air
Air is a mixture of gases.
Uses of Air
Breathing
Burning
Flying kites
Moving windmills
Components of Air
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Water
Water is essential for life.
Sources of Water
Rain
Rivers
Lakes
Wells
Water Cycle
The continuous movement of water.
Steps: 1. Evaporation 2. Condensation 3. Precipitation
Water Conservation
Ways to save water:
Turn off taps
Rainwater harvesting
Reuse water
Chapter 6: Rocks and Minerals
Rocks
Hard substances found on Earth.
Types of Rocks
1. Igneous Rocks
Formed from magma.
2. Sedimentary Rocks
Formed from layers of sand and mud.
3. Metamorphic Rocks
Changed due to heat and pressure.
Minerals
Useful natural substances.
Examples:
Gold
Iron
Copper
Chapter 7: Soil Erosion and Conservation
Soil
The upper layer of Earth where plants grow.
Soil Erosion
Removal of top fertile soil.
Causes
Wind
Water
Deforestation
Soil Conservation
Ways to protect soil.
Methods:
Planting trees
Terrace farming
Avoid cutting forests
Chapter 8: States of Matter
Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Three States of Matter
1. Solid
Fixed shape
Fixed volume
Examples:
Stone
Book
2. Liquid
Fixed volume
No fixed shape
Examples:
Water
Milk
3. Gas
No fixed shape
No fixed volume
Examples:
Air
Oxygen
Changes of State
Melting
Solid to liquid.
Freezing
Liquid to solid.
Evaporation
Liquid to gas.
Chapter 9: Force and Energy
Force
A push or pull.
Effects of Force
Moves objects
Stops objects
Changes shape
Energy
Ability to do work.
Types of Energy
1. Heat Energy
Obtained from fire and Sun.
2. Light Energy
Helps us see.
3. Sound Energy
Produced by vibrations.
4. Electrical Energy
Runs appliances.
Chapter 10: Simple Machines
Machine
A device that makes work easier.
Types of Simple Machines
1. Lever
Examples:
Seesaw
Scissors
2. Pulley
Used to lift heavy loads.
3. Wheel and Axle
Examples:
Bicycle
Car
4. Inclined Plane
A sloping surface.
Example:
Ramp
Chapter 11: Earth and Space
Earth
The planet on which we live.
Rotation
Earth spins on its axis.
Result:
Day and night
Revolution
Earth moves around the Sun.
Result:
Seasons
Solar System
The Sun and planets together form the solar system.
Planets
1. Mercury
2. Venus
3. Earth
4. Mars
5. Jupiter
6. Saturn
7. Uranus
8. Neptune
Moon
Earth’s natural satellite.
Chapter 12: Natural Disasters
Earthquake
Sudden shaking of Earth.
Flood
Overflow of water.
Cyclone
Strong storm with heavy winds.
Safety Measures
Stay calm
Follow instructions
Move to safe place
Chapter 13: Pollution
Pollution
Addition of harmful substances to environment.
Types of Pollution
1. Air Pollution
Caused by smoke and gases.
2. Water Pollution
Caused by waste in water.
3. Noise Pollution
Caused by loud sounds.
Ways to Reduce Pollution
Plant trees
Use public transport
Avoid plastic
Important Definitions
Germination
The process by which a seed grows into a plant.
Habitat
Natural home of an organism.
Nutrients
Substances needed for growth and health.
Matter
Anything that occupies space.
Force
A push or pull.
Pollution
Contamination of environment.
Important Question Answers
Q1. Why are plants important?
Plants provide food, oxygen, medicines, and wood.
Q2. What is a balanced diet?
A diet containing all nutrients in proper amount.
Q3. Name the three states of matter.
Solid, liquid, and gas.
Q4. What causes soil erosion?
Wind, water, and cutting of trees.
Q5. What is pollution?
Addition of harmful substances into environment.
Science Activities
Activity 1: Germinating Seeds
Take wet cotton and place seeds in it. Observe growth.
Activity 2: Water Cycle Model
Heat water and observe steam changing into water droplets.
Activity 3: Testing Air Presence
Place empty glass upside down in water. Air bubbles appear.
Tips for Studying Science
1. Read diagrams carefully.
2. Learn definitions daily.
3. Revise important points.
4. Practice question answers.
5. Understand concepts using examples.
6. Draw neat labelled diagrams.
7. Relate science to daily life.
Conclusion
Science helps us understand nature, our body, Earth, and the environment.
Class 5 Science builds basic knowledge about plants, animals, health,
energy, Earth, and space. Learning science develops curiosity and problem-
solving skills.