Chapter-9, M3-R5

Dictionary in Python
1. Introduction to Dictionary
English:

A dictionary is an unordered, mutable collection of items where each item is stored

as a key–value pair.
Keys must be unique and immutable (string, number, tuple).
Values can be any type.

Hindi:

Dictionary Python की एक डेटा स्ट्रक्चर है जिसमें डेटा key–value pair के रूप में store होता है।
Key हमेशा unique और immutable होती है ।
Value ककसी भी data type की हो सकती है ।

2. Syntax of Dictionary
dictionary_name = {
key1: value1,
key2: value2,
key3: value3
}

**3. Why Use Dictionary?

(डडक्शनरी क्यों उपयोग करें ?)**

 Data को key से access करना fast होता है

 Structure real-world िैसा (िैसे Aadhaar database)

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  Flexible and powerful
 No index required
 Search and update fast

4. Characteristics of Dictionary
Feature Description
Ordered Since Python 3.7
Mutable Change allowed
Unique Keys Duplicate keys not allowed
Dynamic Size can grow or shrink
Heterogeneous Different types allowed

5. Creating Dictionary (Ways)

(1) Using { }
d = {"id": 101, "name": "Rahul"}

(2) Using dict()

d = dict(city="Delhi", pincode=110092)

(3) Empty Dictionary

d = {}

(4) Using list of tuples

d = dict([("a", 10), ("b", 20)])

(5) Using fromkeys()

d = [Link](["a", "b", "c"], 0)

6. Access Elements
Using key
print(d["name"])

Using get()

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print([Link]("city"))

➡ get() does NOT give error if key not found.

7. Dictionary Functions (Very

Important)
Function Output
len(d) number of items
[Link]() returns all keys
[Link]() returns all values
[Link]() returns all (key, value) pairs
[Link](key) returns value
[Link](key) removes key
[Link]() removes last inserted
[Link]() remove all items
[Link]() shallow copy
[Link](d2) merge/update

8. Update and Modify Dictionary

Add new pair
d["age"] = 25

Update existing
d["age"] = 30

Using update()
[Link]({"city": "Mumbai"})

9. Deleting Items
Remove by key
[Link]("name")

Delete last item

[Link]()

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Delete complete dictionary
[Link]() # empty
del d # remove entire dictionary

10. Looping in Dictionary

Loop keys
for k in d:
print(k)

Loop values
for v in [Link]():
print(v)

Loop keys + values

for k, v in [Link]():
print(k, v)

**11. Nested Dictionary

(डडक्शनरी के अंदर डडक्शनरी)**

student = {
"name": "Amit",
"marks": {
"math": 88,
"science": 92
}
}
print(student["marks"]["science"])

**12. Dictionary Comprehension

(Short-form dictionary)**

squares = {x: x*x for x in range(1, 6)}

Output

{1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25}

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13. Important Notes (Exam Points)
✔ Key must be unique
✔ Key must be immutable
✔ Value can be mutable
✔ Dictionary is fast
✔ Use get() to avoid KeyError
✔ popitem() removes last item (Python 3.7+)
✔ update() merges dictionaries

14. Real Life Uses of Dictionary

 Student records
 Employee database
 Contacts list
 JSON data
 API response
 Login username/password storage
 Settings / configuration files

15. BIG Example Project (Useful for

Lab Practical)
student = {
"roll": 101,
"name": "Mahesh",
"marks": {
"math": 78,
"science": 88,
"english": 90
},
"courses": ["Python", "HTML", "CSS"]
}

print("Name =", student["name"])

print("Math Marks =", student["marks"]["math"])
print("All Courses =", student["courses"])

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✅ LAB WORK – 1
Create a dictionary and display all keys & values.
Code:
student = {"name": "Rahul", "age": 20, "course": "Python"}

print("Keys:", [Link]())
print("Values:", [Link]())

Output:
Keys: dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'course'])
Values: dict_values(['Rahul', 20, 'Python'])

✅ LAB WORK – 2
Add a new item and update an existing item.
Code:
data = {"id": 101, "name": "Amit"}

data["city"] = "Delhi" # Add

data["name"] = "Amit Kumar" # Update

print(data)

Output:
{'id': 101, 'name': 'Amit Kumar', 'city': 'Delhi'}

✅ LAB WORK – 3
Delete a dictionary element using pop() and popitem().
Code:
d = {"a": 10, "b": 20, "c": 30}

[Link]("b")
print("After pop:", d)

[Link]()
print("After popitem:", d)

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Output:
After pop: {'a': 10, 'c': 30}
After popitem: {'a': 10}

✅ LAB WORK – 4
Access a value using key and get().
Code:
emp = {"name": "Mahesh", "salary": 25000}

print(emp["salary"])
print([Link]("age"))

Output:
25000
None

✅ LAB WORK – 5
Create a nested dictionary and print inner values.
Code:
student = {
"name": "Riya",
"marks": {
"math": 85,
"science": 90
}
}

print(student["marks"]["science"])

Output:
90

✅ LAB WORK – 6
Traverse a dictionary using for loop.

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Code:
d = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}

for k, v in [Link]():
print(k, "=", v)

Output:
a = 1
b = 2
c = 3

✅ LAB WORK – 7
Check if a key exists in dictionary.
Code:
d = {"id": 10, "age": 25}

if "age" in d:
print("Key Found")
else:
print("Key Not Found")

Output:
Key Found

✅ LAB WORK – 8
Convert two lists into a dictionary.
Code:
keys = ["name", "age", "city"]
values = ["Rohan", 22, "Mumbai"]

d = dict(zip(keys, values))

print(d)

Output:
{'name': 'Rohan', 'age': 22, 'city': 'Mumbai'}

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✅ LAB WORK – 9
Find maximum and minimum value from a dictionary.
Code:
d = {"a": 40, "b": 10, "c": 90, "d": 20}

print("Max =", max([Link]()))

print("Min =", min([Link]()))

Output:
Max = 90
Min = 10

✅ LAB WORK – 10
Make a dictionary using comprehension.
Code:
square = {x: x*x for x in range(1, 6)}

print(square)

Output:
{1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16, 5: 25}

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100 MCQs – Python Dictionary (With
Options + Answers)

1. What is a dictionary in C. {"a":1, "b":2}

D. ("a":1, "b":2)
Python? Answer: C

A. Ordered collection of elements

B. Unordered collection of key-value pairs
C. Collection of duplicate keys
D. Collection of values only
5. Can a dictionary have
Answer: B duplicate keys?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Sometimes
2. Which symbol is used to D. Only in Python 2
create a dictionary? Answer: B

A. []
B. ()
C. {}
D. <>
6. Which method returns
Answer: C all keys?
A. all()
B. keys()
3. What are dictionary C. getkeys()
D. values()
keys? Answer: B

A. Mutable objects
B. Immutable objects
C. List objects
D. Only integers
7. Which method returns
Answer: B all values?
A. vals()
B. values()
4. Which of the following C. items()
D. keyvalues()
is a correct dictionary? Answer: B

A. {1, 2, 3}
B. ["a":1, "b":2]

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8. Which function returns 12. Which method is used
number of items? to remove an item by key?
A. length() A. delete()
B. size() B. remove()
C. len() C. pop()
D. count() D. discard()
Answer: C Answer: C

9. Which method returns 13. popitem() removes:

key-value pairs? A. First item
B. Middle item
A. items()
C. Last inserted item
B. pairs()
D. Random item
C. keyvalue()
Answer: C
D. join()
Answer: A

14. Which method clears

10. Which operator checks all items?
if key exists? A. delete()
B. clear()
A. in
C. empty()
B. exist
D. remove()
C. find
Answer: B
D. include
Answer: A

15. Which creates an

11. What is the output of: empty dictionary?
d = {"a":1, "b":2} A. []
print(d["a"]) B. {}
C. dict()
A. a D. Both B and C
B. 1 Answer: D
C. Error
D. ["a"]
Answer: B

16. Keys in dictionary

must be:

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A. Mutable A. d["key"]
B. Immutable B. [Link]("key")
C. Integer only C. [Link]()
D. None D. [Link]()
Answer: B Answer: A

17. Values in dictionary 21. Which adds new key-

can be: value pair?
A. Only strings A. add()
B. Only numbers B. insert()
C. Any data type C. d[key] = value
D. Only list D. push()
Answer: C Answer: C

18. What is output? 22. Which merges two

d = {"a":10,"a":20}
dictionaries?
print(d["a"])
A. merge()
A. 10 B. join()
B. 20 C. update()
C. Both D. append()
D. Error Answer: C
Answer: B

23. Output?
19. To access value safely,
d = {1: "a", 2: "b"}
we use: print(len(d))

A. check() A. 1
B. safe() B. 2
C. get() C. 3
D. find() D. Error
Answer: C Answer: B

20. Which of these gives 24. Dictionary is:

error? A. Mutable
B. Immutable

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C. Static D. (1,2)
D. None Answer: C
Answer: A

29. Which is mutable?

25. Which returns list of
keys? A. key
B. value
C. both
A. keylist()
D. none
B. list(d)
Answer: B
C. [Link]()
D. allkeys()
Answer: C

30. Which creates nested

dictionary?
26. Which converts
dictionary to list of keys? A. {1:(1,2)}
B. {1:[1,2]}
C. {1:{2:3}}
A. list(d)
D. None
B. [Link]()
Answer: C
C. [Link]()
D. values()
Answer: A
31. What is output?
d = {"x":5, "y":10}
27. What is output? print("x" in d)

d = {} A. False
print(type(d)) B. True
C. Error
A. list D. None
B. dict Answer: B
C. set
D. tuple
Answer: B
32. What does [Link]() return?

A. List of keys
28. Which is NOT valid B. List of values
C. List of key-value tuples
key? D. None
Answer: C
A. 1
B. "name"
C. [1,2,3]

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33. Which method copies a A. Keys can be lists
dictionary? B. Keys can be tuples
C. Keys must be mutable
A. duplicate() D. Keys must be float
B. copy() Answer: B
C. clone()
D. duplicateDict()
Answer: B
38. Which operator merges
dictionaries in Python 3.9+ ?

34. What is output? A. +

B. -
d = {1: "A", 2: "B"} C. |
print([Link](3)) D. &
Answer: C
A. A
B. B
C. None
D. Error 39. Which method returns default
Answer: C
value if key not found?

A. get()
B. find()
35. Which removes all items? C. value()
D. key()
A. pop() Answer: A
B. remove()
C. delete()
D. clear()
Answer: D
40. Output?
d = {1:10, 2:20, 3:30}
print(max(d))
36. What is output?
A. 10
d = {"a":1, "b":2} B. 30
print([Link]("b")) C. 3
D. Error
A. a Answer: C
B. b
C. 2
D. Error
Answer: C
41. Output?
d = {'a':1,'b':2}
print(len([Link]()))
37. Which is correct?
A. 1
B. 0

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C. 2 A. del d
D. Error B. [Link]()
Answer: C C. [Link]()
D. [Link]()
Answer: A

42. Dictionary key must be:

A. Immutable 47. Output?

B. Mutuable
C. Float only d = {1:10,2:20}
D. String only print(2 in d)
Answer: A
A. True
B. False
C. Error
D. None
43. Which changes value of a key?
Answer: A
A. change()
B. modify()
C. d[key] = value
D. setvalue() 48. [Link]() returns:
Answer: C
A. All keys
B. All values
C. All tuples
D. All lists
44. Output?
Answer: B
d = {"a":[1,2]}
print(d["a"][1])

A. a 49. Output?
B. 2
C. [1,2] d = {1:10, 2:20}
D. Error print(10 in [Link]())
Answer: B
A. True
B. False
C. None
D. Error
45. A dictionary is similar to:
Answer: A
A. Set
B. List
C. Real-world dictionary
D. Tuple 50. Which method adds many items
Answer: C at once?

A. add()
B. update()
46. To delete dictionary completely: C. push()

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D. insert() 55. To remove unknown key safely:
Answer: B
A. [Link](key)
B. del d[key]
C. [Link](key)
51. Which is correct D. [Link](key, None)
representation? Answer: D

A. {key=value}
B. {key:value}
C. (key:value) 56. Output?
D. [key:value]
Answer: B d = {"x":5}
print([Link]("y", 100))

A. Error
B. 5
52. Nested dictionary means:
C. 100
D. None
A. Dictionary inside list
Answer: C
B. Dictionary inside dictionary
C. List inside dictionary
D. None
Answer: B
57. What does dict() do?

A. Makes list
B. Makes tuple
53. Output?
C. Makes dictionary
d = {"a":1} D. Makes set
d["b"] = d["a"] Answer: C
print(d)

A. {"a":1}
B. {"a":1, "b":1} 58. Which is NOT allowed?
C. Error
D. None A. key = 10
Answer: B B. key = (1,2)
C. key = [1,2]
D. key = "abc"
Answer: C
54. Dictionaries are:

A. Ordered (Python 3.7+)

B. Always unordered 59. Output?
C. Sorted
D. Immutable d = {"a":1,"b":2}
Answer: A print([Link]("c", 3))

A. Error
B. 3

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C. None D. Error
D. c Answer: B
Answer: B

64. Which checks if value exists?

60. setdefault() does:
A. in
A. Adds key if not present B. for
B. Removes key C. exists
C. Updates all keys D. None
D. Deletes dictionary Answer: A
Answer: A

65. Output?
61. Which retrieves all key-value
pairs? d = {1:2, 3:4, 5:6}
print(sum([Link]()))

A. all()
A. 10
B. list()
B. 12
C. items()
C. 6
D. pairs()
D. 0
Answer: C
Answer: B

62. Output?
66. Dictionary key cannot be:
d = {"a":1, "b":2}
print(list(d)) A. String
B. Integer
A. ["a","b"] C. Tuple
B. [1,2] D. List
C. [("a",1),("b",2)] Answer: D
D. Error
Answer: A

67. Output?

63. Output? d = {1: [1,2,3]}

print(len(d))
d = {}
d[1] = "A" A. 1
print(d) B. 3
C. Error
A. {} D. 0
B. {1:"A"} Answer: A
C. {"A":1}

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68. Output? 72. Output?
d = {1:10} d = {1:10, 2:20}
print(1 not in d) [Link]({3:30})
print(len(d))
A. True
B. False A. 1
C. Error B. 2
D. None C. 3
Answer: B D. Error
Answer: C

69. Dictionary values can be:

73. Output?
A. Only int
B. Only string d = {"a":1}
print([Link]("a",5))
C. Any Python object
D. Only list
A. 1
Answer: C
B. 5
C. Error
D. None
Answer: A
70. Output?
d = {"a":1,"b":2}
print("c" in d)
74. Output?
A. True
B. False d = {1:10}
print([Link](2, 50))
C. Error
D. None
A. 2
Answer: B
B. 10
C. 50
D. Error
Answer: C
71. Most common dictionary loop?

A. for x in d:
B. for x,y in d:
75. Which creates dictionary from
C. for x in [Link]():
D. for x in [Link](): keys?
Answer: A
A. fromkeys()
B. make()
C. create()
D. keysdict()
Answer: A

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76. Output? d = {1:10,2:20}
print(min([Link]()))
print([Link]([1,2,3], 0))
A. 10
A. Error B. 20
B. {1:2:3} C. 1
C. {1:0, 2:0, 3:0} D. Error
D. None Answer: A
Answer: C

81. Output?
77. Output?
d={"a":10}
print("a" not in d)
d = {1:2, 3:4}
print(d[3])
A. True
A. 3 B. False
B. 4 C. Error
C. Error D. None
D. None Answer: B
Answer: B

82. Which gets both key & value?

78. To convert dictionary to list of
A. pair()
tuples:
B. items()
C. getall()
A. toList()
D. list()
B. items()
C. makeList() Answer: B
D. tuples()
Answer: B
83. Output?
d={"a":1,"b":2}
79. Output? print(len([Link]()))

d = {"x":1}
A. 1
print(type([Link]()))
B. 2
C. 0
A. list
D. Error
B. dict_values
C. tuple Answer: B
D. set
Answer: B
84. Output?
d={1:2, 3:4}
80. Output? print([Link](3))

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A. 4 A. {1:10}
B. 3 B. {}
C. None C. Error
D. Error D. None
Answer: A Answer: B

85. Which creates shallow copy? 89. Dictionary stores data in:

A. clone() A. Key-value pair

B. copy() B. Single values
C. new() C. Only keys
D. duplicate() D. Only values
Answer: B Answer: A

86. Output? 90. Output?

d={"x":1} d={1:10, 2:20}
d["x"]=5 print(3 in d)
print(d["x"])
A. True
A. 1 B. False
B. 5 C. None
C. Error D. Error
D. None Answer: B
Answer: B

91. Dictionary values can be:

87. Output?
A. same
d={1:2,2:3,3:4} B. different
print(sorted(d))
C. both A & B
D. none
A. [1,2,3]
Answer: C
B. [2,3,4]
C. Error
D. None
Answer: A
92. Output?
d={"a":1,"b":2}
print([Link]("c"))
88. Output?
A. None
d={1:10} B. c
[Link]()
print(d) C. Error

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D. 1
Answer: A
97. Output?
d={1:10,2:20}
93. Output? print(20 in [Link]())

d = {"x":10} A. True
print([Link]()) B. False
C. Error
A. ["x"] D. None
B. dict_keys(['x']) Answer: B
C. x
D. ('x')
Answer: B
98. Output?
d={1:"A",2:"B"}
94. Dictionary keys are: print(type(d))

A. Unique A. dict
B. Duplicate B. list
C. Anonymous C. tuple
D. Deleted D. set
Answer: A Answer: A

95. Output? 99. Output?

d={"a":1,"b":2} d={1:2,3:4}
print("A" in d) print([Link]())

A. True A. (1,2)
B. False B. (3,4)
C. Error C. Error
D. None D. None
Answer: B Answer: B

96. Which method converts 100. What is a key feature of

dictionary to list of values? dictionaries?

A. values() A. Index-based
B. listvalues() B. Ordered collection
C. getvalues() C. Key-value mapping
D. tolist() D. Duplicate keys
Answer: A Answer: c

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