task 01

IELTS
Writing

Dynamic
charts
STEP o1: TYPES
Có nhiều dạng chart types (table, pie, line, etc.), nhưng để xử lý Task 1 hiệu quả
và đơn giản, thông thường sẽ đi theo 2 dạng chính:
dynamic (động, có thay đổi theo thời gian)
static (tĩnh, không thay đổi theo thời gian)

dynamic
CHARTS
dynamic

static
CHARTS
static
STEP o2: CoRES
trends (tăng/ giảm/ giữ
nguyên/ dao động)
comparison (max/min/ relative
differences)
patterns (những đối tượng
cùng-khác patterns)

max

min

trends
nhìn chung thì phần trăm chi tiêu cho roads và transport ở
Italy, Portugal và UK giảm trong khi đó USA tăng

COMPARISON
Portugal dành phần trăm tiền cho roads và transport nhiều nhất trong 4
nước, còn UK thì dành ít nhất.

PATTERNS
Pattern 1: Italy, Portugal, UK: giảm hoặc Pattern 1: Portugal, USA: tăng-giảm
Pattern 2: USA: tăng Pattern 2: Italy, UK: giảm & fluctuate
STEP o3:‌‌
INTRO

prompt:
The bar chart below shows the percentage of government
spending on roads and transport in 4 countries in the years 1990,
1995, 2000, 2005.

→ paraphrasing the prompt:

ver 1
The bar chart illustrates how much money governments in four
different countries — Italy, Portugal, the UK, and the USA — spent
on roads and transport every five years from 1990 to 2005.

The bar chart illustrates the percentage of government

ver 2 expenditure on roads and transport in four different countries —

Italia, Portugal, the UK, and the USA — every five years from 1990 to
2005.

tem The bar chart/ line graph/ ... illustrates/ depicts/

plate compares how much/ how many/ the percentage/ the

share of ... in [place] (+ every ... years) + from [...] to [...].
STEP o4:‌‌ trends
OvERVIEW
comparison
OVERVIEW
(max/min)

special features (if any)

in
s t
h or
viết tổng cộng 2-3 câu:
1-2 câu: trend
xem điểm đầu và cuối của các đối tượng, trends thường
sẽ có:
tăng
giảm
giữ nguyên
dao động
1-2 câu → comparison
đối tượng cao nhất → max
đối tượng thấp nhất → min
1 câu nếu có gì cần lưu ý thêm (special feature nào đó bạn
thấy nổi bật)

BRAINSTORM BẰNG TIẾNG VIỆT NẾU CẦN

Nhìn chung, có thể thấy là trong khi [A] và [B] tăng, [C] và [D]
có xu hướng giảm
Bên cạnh đó, [C] luôn giữ vị trí cao nhất, trong khi đó [D] lại
luôn là đứa có vị trí thấp nhất.
Notably, ... [if any]
overview
Overall, what is striking when looking at the data is that while
there was a decline in the proportion of government funding
allocated to roads and transport in Italy, Portugal, and the UK,
the opposite pattern can be seen in the USA. Notably, Portugal
invested the most in this category throughout most of the
surveyed period, except for 2000, when Italy slightly topped the
chart.

tem Overall, what is striking when looking at the data is that/ it is

clear that while ..., ....

plate Notably, ...., whereas .....

(In addition to this, .... — if any)
Cách 1: chia theo các đối tượng tăng/ giảm
STEP o5:
o5:‌
Common patterns:
BODY
BODY‌
1.
Đoạn 1: những đối tượng tăng
GRoUP
GRoUP‌
Đoạn 2: những đối tượng giảm -ING‌
-ING
2.
Đoạn 1: đối tượng tăng - giảm
Đoạn 2: những đối tượng giữ nguyên/ fluctuate
3.
Đoạn 1: đối tượng tăng
Đoạn 2: đối tượng giảm
Đoạn 3: đối tượng giữ nguyên/ fluctuate

→ clear hơn, dễ dùng và nhẹ hơn nếu bạn aim từ 6-7.5 Task 1, nhưng 8+ luôn
thì vẫn có thể okla)

Cách 2: chia theo các mốc thời gian

Đoạn 1: từ đầu đến [mốc 1]

Đoạn 2: [mốc 1] → [mốc 2]
Đoạn 3: [mốc 2] →hết

→ challenging hơn tí, yêu cầu ngữ pháp linh hoạt và đa dạng hơn, cần time
patterns rõ hơn — không phải biểu đồ nào cũng có clear time patterns.

Cách 2: chia theo các đặc điểm đặc biệt

Đoạn 1: các nhóm đối tượng có điểm đặc biệt 1

Đoạn 2: các nhóm đối tượng có điểm đặc biệt 2
Đoạn 3: ...

→ khó hơn, yêu cầu ngữ pháp linh hoạt và đa dạng hơn và có thể cần nhiều
thời gian study biểu đồ hơn. không phải biểu đồ nào cũng có điểm đặc biệt.
Lưu ý: mở đầu các đoạn body nên có các signposting để báo hiệu những đối
tượng mình viết trong đoạn đó:
E.g.,
Looking first at [A] and [B] (similar patterns — increase)
As for [C] and [D] (similar patterns — decrease)
Turning to ...
GROUP THEO PATTERNS

Looking first at Portugal and the USA — countries with opposite trends in
expenditure on roads and transport over the 15 years — the share of the
government budget spent on this category in the former started at around 27%,
before declining steadily to exactly 20% in 2005. In contrast, despite a slight
decrease in the first five years, the figure for the USA generally rose from just
above 10% in 1990 to 15% in 2005, making it the only country to witness an overall
increase in spending on roads and transport.

As for Italy and the UK, approximately 22% of the Italian national budget was
spent on roads and transport, followed by mild fluctuations before falling to just
under 20% at the end of the period. The UK followed a similar pattern, albeit at a
much lower level. Starting at exactly 10%, the figure for this country hovered
between 9% and 13% from 1990 to 2000, after which it ended at around 7% in
2005.
 The graph below shows the average carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per person
in the United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy and Portugal between 1967 and 2007.
Average carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per person, 1967-2007
United Kingdom Sweden Italy Portugal
12

10
CO2 emissions in metric tonnes
GROUP THEO PATTERNS

0
1967 1977 1987 1997 2007

The line graph illustrates the average amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted per person in
four countries — the United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy and Portugal — at ten-year intervals from
1967 to 2007.
Overall, what is striking when looking at the data is that while CO₂ emissions increased in
Italy and Portugal, the opposite trend was observed in Sweden and the UK. Notably, the UK
consistently recorded the highest emissions, whereas Portugal remained the lowest emitter
throughout the period.
Looking first at the UK and Sweden — the two countries showing downward trends —
emissions in the UK started at just over 10 tonnes per person, remained relatively stable in the
first decade, and then gradually declined to around 9 tonnes by 2007. Sweden followed a
somewhat similar pattern. Beginning at about 9 tonnes, its figure rose to a peak of just north
of 10 tonnes in 1977 before falling sharply to just below 6 tonnes at the end of the period.
By contrast, Italy and Portugal experienced steady increases. Italy began at just over 4 tonnes,
roughly half of Sweden’s level, and rose gradually, overtaking Sweden in 1987 to become the
second-highest emitter. It then peaked at nearly 8 tonnes in 1997 and remained stable thereafter.
Portugal showed a comparable trend at a lower level, increasing consistently from around 1 tonne
to just above 5 tonnes in 2007. Although it remained the lowest throughout, its emissions were
close to Sweden’s by the end of the period.
 The graph shows the rates of participation in three different activities in a UK
sports club between 1995 and 2015.
Participation by club member
swimming team sports gym activities
GROUP THEO MỐC THỜI GIAN

60

50

40
% of club member

30

20

10

0
1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

The line illustrates the proportion of members of a UK sports club who participated in
swimming, team sports, and gym activities between 1995 and 2015.

Overall, what is striking from the graph is the declining popularity of swimming, in contrast
to gym activities, which became increasingly popular over the period. Notably, team
sports experienced the least fluctuation but ultimately recorded the highest participation
rate.

At the beginning of the period, swimming was the most popular activity, with about half of
club members taking part — the highest figure observed in the chart. Meanwhile, team
sports ranked second at around 30%, which was roughly six times higher than gym
participation, at only about 5%.

However, thereafter, the proportion of swimming participants declined sharply, reaching a

low of 15% in 2010. In contrast, both team sports and gym activities increased, peaking at
approximately 40% and nearly 25% in the same year, in that order. As a result, team sports
became the most popular activity from the mid-2000s onwards, while gym activities,
initially the least popular, overtook swimming to rank second from around 2007.

Towards the end of the period, participation in swimming and gym activities remained
relatively stable, hovering around their 2010’s levels. By contrast, team sports declined
moderately, falling back to just over 30% in 2015. Nevertheless, it remained the most
popular activity overall.