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IPR Equations Reference

The document outlines various Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) models used for analyzing reservoir conditions, including single-phase and two-phase flow scenarios. It details governing equations and applicable conditions for each model, such as Darcy's model for undersaturated oil and Vogel's model for solution-gas drive. Key variables like flow rate, productivity index, and reservoir pressures are defined, emphasizing the importance of Node 6 as the intersection point for IPR and TPR.

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2 views1 page

IPR Equations Reference

The document outlines various Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) models used for analyzing reservoir conditions, including single-phase and two-phase flow scenarios. It details governing equations and applicable conditions for each model, such as Darcy's model for undersaturated oil and Vogel's model for solution-gas drive. Key variables like flow rate, productivity index, and reservoir pressures are defined, emphasizing the importance of Node 6 as the intersection point for IPR and TPR.

Uploaded by

hassan.m55443
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IPR Models — Governing Equations & Applicability

Nodal Analysis is applied at Node 6 (Pwf), the boundary between the reservoir system and the wellbore. The
following models describe the Inflow Performance Relationship (IPR) under different reservoir conditions.

Model Governing Equation Applicable when

Single-phase (Undersaturated Oil — P > Pb)

Darcy q = J · (P̅ r − Pwf) Laminar flow


(Linear IPR) J = Productivity Index (STB/d/psi) P > Pb throughout
No free gas in reservoir

Two-phase (Solution-gas Drive — P < Pb)

Vogel q/qmax = 1 − 0.2(Pwf/P̅ r) − Saturated reservoirs


(1968) 0.8(Pwf/P̅ r)² Solution-gas drive
qmax = AOF (absolute open flow potential) No water/gas coning
P̅ r = average reservoir pressure (psi)

Fetkovich q = C · (P̅ r² − Pwf²)ⁿ Two-phase reservoirs


(1973) C = flow coefficient (from well test) Also gas wells with
n = flow exponent (0.5 ≤ n ≤ 1.0) turbulence (n < 1)

Composite IPR (Pwf crosses Pb)

Standing qb = J · (P̅ r − Pb) P̅ r > Pb


(1970) — Vogel qmax = qb + J·Pb / 1.8 Pwf may drop below Pb
modified q = qb + (qmax−qb)[1−0.2(Pwf/Pb)−0.8(Pwf/Pb)²] during production
(for Pwf < Pb)

Gas Wells

Back- qg = C · (P̅ r² − Pwf²)ⁿ Dry gas wells


pressure Same form as Fetkovich Isochronal or MBP
(simplified) C, n from deliverability test deliverability tests

LIT (P̅ r² − Pwf²) = a·qg + b·qg² High-rate gas wells


(Jones et al., a = Darcy (laminar) term Significant turbulence
1976) b = non-Darcy (turbulence) term effects present

Key Variables
q = flow rate J = productivity index (STB/d/psi) Node 6 (Pwf) is the solution
(STB/d or qmax = AOF (max rate at Pwf = 0) node where IPR intersects
Mscf/d) C, n = empirical constants (well tests) TPR to define the natural
P̅ r = avg. a, b = Darcy & non-Darcy coefficients flow point of the well.
reservoir
pressure (psi)
Pwf = flowing
BHP (psi)
Pb = bubble-
point pressure
(psi)

Reference: Vogel (1968), Fetkovich (1973), Standing (1970), Jones et al. (1976)

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