HTML NOTES
HTML - Stands for Hyper Text Markup language.
Hypertext- Hypertext is non-linear text, images, or media that contains hyperlinks,
allowing users to navigate directly between related information by clicking, rather
than reading in a set order. It is the foundational technology of the World Wide Web,
typically structured using HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) to connect web pages
and documents.
Key Characteristics of Hypertext
• Non-Linear Structure: Unlike a book, hypertext allows readers to jump
between topics, following their own path rather than a predetermined sequence.
• Hyperlinks: These are clickable elements (text, images, icons) that, when
activated, open a new document or a different section of the same document.
• Interactivity: Users interact with the content, allowing them to explore in-
depth information, skip content, or jump to related resources instantly.
• Components: Hypertext can include text, graphics, video, and audio, often
referred to as "hypermedia" when non-text elements are heavily linked.
Examples and Usage
• The World Wide Web: Websites are the most common example of hypertext,
where clicking a link takes you to another page.
• E-books & Help Files: E-books, electronic documents, and software help
menus often use hyperlinked tables of contents to skip to specific sections.
• Reference Material: Encyclopedias and academic papers use hyperlinks for
footnotes or to cross-reference related articles.
Origin
The term was coined by Ted Nelson around 1965 to describe non-linear, linked text,
though conceptual work began earlier in the 1960s by figures like Douglas Engelbart.
Markup-In HTML, markup refers to the special codes, known as tags, that you use to
annotate or "mark up" plain text to define its structure and meaning. It acts as a set of
instructions for web browsers, telling them how to display and organize content—for
example, which text is a heading, a paragraph, or a hyperlink.
Core Components of HTML Markup
• Tags: These are the primary building blocks, usually appearing in pairs
(opening and closing) like <p> and </p>.
• Elements: An element consists of the opening tag, the content inside it, and the
closing tag (e.g., <h1>Main Heading</h1>).
• Attributes: These provide extra information about an element, such as the
destination URL for a link (href) or the source for an image (src).
Language- signifies the syntax and rules for writing or marking the text.
Basic terminologies-
• Tag
• Element
• Attributes
<html>
<head>this is yellow education
<title>First Page
</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#00ffff" text=red background="">
hello! this is my first web page.
</body>
</html>
• <body bgcolor="#00ffff" text=red
background="D:\Userdata\Indrawati\Downloads\download (2).jpg">
Left margin and top margin
<html>
<head>
<title> Setting Margins </title>
</head>
<body leftmargin = 50 topmargin = 50>
This is my Web page with top and left margin
</body>
</html>
Presentation Tags
The <big> tag was an HTML element used to increase the font size of the text
contained within it by one level compared to the surrounding text