GL BAJAJ

[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.

APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

EXPERIMENT 1:

Objective:
To write a java program to perform Stop and Wait protocol.

Problem Statement:
A program to evaluate the reliability of stop and wait protocol.

Concept: Stop and wait:

"stop-n-wait" (sometimes known as "positive acknowledgement with retransmission") is the
fundamental technique to provide reliable transfer under unreliable packet delivery system.

Client: Sends packet (frame), waits for an ACK from the server in a given time (timeout), if
ACK not received, the packet is sent again, al packets have a number in case one is lost to
know which one.

Server: waits for packets, sends ACK when packet received within the timeout, ACK sent
must have the same number as packet received.
Algorithm:

Step1: Start the program.

Step2: Create the socket by specifying the address and establishes the connection
Step3: Send and receive information.
Step4: The sender sends one frame, stops until it receives confirmation from the receiver and
then sends
the next frame.
Step5: If your frames reach the server it will send ACK signal to client otherwise it will send
NACK
signal to client.
Step6: Stop the program

Sample Code:

[Link]
//import java packages
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
/*…[Link] is an InputStream, we create an InputStreamReader which reads bytes
from [Link]…*/
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader([Link]));
[Link]("Waiting for Connection. .. ");
/*… Register service on port 2004…*/
sender = new Socket("localhost",2004);
sequence=0;
/*… Get a communication stream associated with the socket…*/
out=new ObjectOutputStream([Link]());
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

[Link]();
in=new ObjectInputStream([Link]());
str=(String)[Link]();
[Link]("reciver> "+str);
[Link]("Enter the data to send. ..");
/*…readline() method read a line of text…*/
packet=[Link]();
n=[Link]();
do{try{ if(i<n){
msg=[Link](sequence);
msg=[Link]([Link](i,i+1));}
else if(i==n){ msg="end";
/*…method writeObject is used to write an object to the stream…*/
[Link](msg);break;}
[Link](msg);
sequence=(sequence==0)?1:0;
/*… method flushes this output stream and forces any buffered output bytes to be
written out…*/
[Link]();

[Link]
ServerSocketreciever;
Socket connection=null;
ObjectOutputStream out;
ObjectInputStream in;
public void run(){
/*… It reads bytes and decodes them into characters using a specified charset …*/
try{ BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader([Link]));
/*… Open your connection to a server, at port 2004…*/
reciever = new ServerSocket(2004,10);
[Link]("waiting for connection.. ");
/*… Wait and accept a connection…*/
connection=[Link]();
sequence=0;
[Link]("Connection established :");
/* …getOutputStream()-This method is used to take the permission to read data from
client
system by the server or from the server system by the client…*/
out=new ObjectOutputStream([Link]());
[Link]();
/*…getInputStream()-This method take the permission to write the data from client
program to
server program and server program to client program…*/
in=new ObjectInputStream([Link]());
[Link]("connected .");
do{ try{
packet=(String)[Link]();
if([Link]([Link](0,1))==sequence){
data+=[Link](1); sequence=(sequence==0)?1:0;
[Link]("\n\nreceiver>"+packet); }
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

else{[Link]("\n\nreceiver>"+packet +" duplicate data"); }

if(i<3){
/*… The method writeObject is used to write an object to the stream …*/
[Link]([Link](sequence)); i++; }
[Link]([Link]((sequence+1)%2));

Sample Output:
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

Objective:
To write a java program to perform sliding window protocol.

ALGORITHM:
1. Start the program.
2. Get the frame size from the user
3. To create the frame based on the user request.
4. To send frames to server from the client side.
5. If your frames reach the server it will send ACK signal to client otherwise it will
send NACK signal to client.
6. Stop the program

Program :
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
public class slidsender{
public static void main(String a[])throws Exception
{
ServerSocket ser=new ServerSocket(10);
Socket s=[Link]();
DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream([Link]);
DataInputStream in1=new DataInputStream([Link]());
String sbuff[]=new String[8];
PrintStream p;
int sptr=0,sws=8,nf,ano,i;
String ch;
do{
p=new PrintStream([Link]());
[Link]("Enter the no. of frames : ");
nf=[Link]([Link]());
[Link](nf);
if(nf<=sws-1){
[Link]("Enter "+nf+" Messages to be send\n");
for(i=1;i<=nf;i++){
sbuff[sptr]=[Link]();
[Link](sbuff[sptr]);
sptr=++sptr%8;}
sws-=nf;
[Link]("Acknowledgment received");
ano=[Link]([Link]());
[Link](" for "+ano+" frames");
sws+=nf;
}
else{
[Link]("The no. of frames exceeds window size");
break;}
[Link]("\nDo you wants to send some more frames : ");
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

ch=[Link](); [Link](ch);}
while([Link]("yes"));
[Link]();}}

RECEIVER PROGRAM
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class slidreceiver{
public static void main(String a[])throws Exception{
Socket s=new Socket([Link](),10);
DataInputStream in=new DataInputStream([Link]());
PrintStream p=new PrintStream([Link]());
int i=0,rptr=-1,nf,rws=8;
String rbuf[]=new String[8];
String ch; [Link]();
do{
nf=[Link]([Link]());
if(nf<=rws-1){
for(i=1;i<=nf;i++){
rptr=++rptr%8;
rbuf[rptr]=[Link]();
[Link]("The received Frame " +rptr+" is : "+rbuf[rptr]);}
rws-=nf;
[Link]("\nAcknowledgment sent\n");
[Link](rptr+1); rws+=nf; }
else
break;
ch=[Link]();}
while([Link]("yes"));}
}

OUTPUT:

//SENDER OUTPUT
Enter the no. of frames : 4
Enter 4 Messages to be send
hiii
how r u
i am fine
how is evryone
Acknowledgment received for 4 frames
Do you wants to send some more frames : no

//RECEIVER OUTPUT
The received Frame 0 is : hiii
The received Frame 1 is : how r u
The received Frame 2 is : i am fine
The received Frame 3 is : how is everyone
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

EXPERIMENT 2:
Objective:
To implement socket programming date and time display from client to server using TCP and
UDP
Sockets.
Learning Outcomes:
After the completion of this experiment, student will be able to
Write, execute and debug programs which use TCP Socket API.
understand the use of client/server architecture in application development
Develop a client-server application by using TCP and UDP

Problem Statement:
A server program to establish the socket connection with the client.
A client program which on establishing a connection retrieves the time and date of the system.

Concept:
Socket Programming
Sockets provide the communication mechanism between two computers. A client program
creates a socket on its end of the communication and attempts to connect that socket to a server.
When the connection is made, the server creates a socket object on its end of the communication.
The client and server can now communicate by writing to and reading from the socket.

Client–server model
The client–server model of computing is a distributed application structure that partitions tasks
or workloads between the providers of a resource or service, called servers and service requesters,
called clients.
Often clients and servers communicate over a computer network on separate hardware, but
both client and server may reside in the same system.
A server host runs one or more server programs which share their resources with clients. A
client does not share any of its resources, but requests a server's content or service function.

Algorithm:
Server:
Step1: Create a server socket and bind it to port.
Step 2: Listen for new connection and when a connection arrives, accept it.
Step 3: Send server’s date and time to the client.
Step 4: Read client’s IP address sent by the client.
Step 5: Display the client details.
Step 6: Repeat steps 2-5 until the server is terminated.
Step 7: Close the server socket.
Client:
Step1: Create a client socket and connect it to the server’s port number.
Step2: Retrieve its own IP address using built-in function.
Step3: Send its address to the server.
Step4: Display the date & time sent by the server.
Step5: Close the client socket.
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

System and Software tools required:

Package Required : Java Compiler
Operating System : UBUNTU
Minimum Requirement : Pentium III or Pentium IV with 2GB RAM 40 GB hard disk
TCP Program:
[Link]
import [Link].*; import [Link].*; [Link].*;
/*… Register service on port 8020…*/
ss=new ServerSocket(8020);
/*… Wait and accept a connection…*/
s=[Link]();
/*… Get a communication stream associated with the socket…*/
ps=new PrintStream([Link]());
/* …To get system time…*/
Date d=new Date();
[Link](d);
dis=new DataInputStream([Link]());
inet=[Link]();[Link]("THE CLIENT SYSTEM ADDRESS IS :"+inet);
/* …This method is used to request for closing or terminating an object…*/
[Link]();}}
[Link]
/*Socket class has constructor through Client program can request server to get connection*/
Socket soc;
DataInputStream dis;
String sdate;
PrintStreamps;
/*…getLocalHost() method: Returns the name of the local computer…*/
InetAddressia=[Link]();
/*… Open your connection to a server, at port 8020…*/
soc=new Socket(ia,8020);
/*…getInputStream()-This method take the permission to write the data from client program to
server program and server program to client program…*/
dis=new DataInputStream([Link]());
sdate=[Link]();
[Link]("THE date in the server is:"+sdate);
/* …getOutputStream()-This method is used to take the permission to read data from client
system by the server or from the server system by the client…*/
ps=new PrintStream([Link]());
[Link](ia);}

Output:
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

UDP Program:
[Link]
/*…import java packages…*/
import [Link].*; import [Link].*; [Link].*;
/*..receiving the packet from client…*/
DatagramPacketrp=new DatagramPacket(rd,[Link]); [Link](rp);
InetAddress ip= [Link](); int port=[Link]();
/*… getting system time…*/
Date d=new Date();
/*… converting it to String…*/
String time= d + "";
/*… converting that String to byte…*/
sd=[Link]();
/*…sending the data to the client…*/
DatagramPacketsp=new DatagramPacket(sd,[Link],ip,port);
[Link](sp);
[Link]
/*…send the data to the server(data,length,ip address and port number)…*/
DatagramPacketsp=new DatagramPacket(sd,[Link],ip,1234);
DatagramPacketrp=new DatagramPacket(rd,[Link]);
/*…To Send the data…*/
[Link](sp); [Link](rp);
String time=new String([Link]()); [Link](time);
/*…This method is used to request for closing or terminating an object…*/
[Link](); } }
Output:
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

EXPERIMENT 3:

OBJECTIVE:
To write a java program for simulating ARP/ RARP protocols
ALGORITHM:
server
1. Create a server socket and bind it to port.
2. Listen for new connection and when a connection arrives, accept it.
3. Send server’s date and time to the client.
4. Read client’s IP address sent by the client.
5. Display the client details.
6. Repeat steps 2-5 until the server is terminated.
7. Close all streams.
8. Close the server socket.
9. Stop.
Client
1. Create a client socket and connect it to the server‟s port number.
2. Retrieve its own IP address using built-in function.
3. Send its address to the server.
4. Display the date & time sent by the server.
5. Close the input and output streams.
6. Close the client socket.
7. Stop.

(i) Program for Address Resolutuion Protocol (ARP) using TCP

Client:
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class Clientarp{
public static void main(String args[]){
try{
BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader([Link]));
Socket clsct=new Socket("[Link]",139);
DataInputStream din=new DataInputStream([Link]());
DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream([Link]());
[Link]("Enter the Logical address(IP):");
String str1=[Link]();
[Link](str1+'\n');
String str=[Link]();
[Link]("The Physical Address is: "+str);
[Link]();}
catch (Exception e){
[Link](e);}}}

Server:
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

import [Link].*;
class Serverarp{
public static void main(String args[]){
try{
ServerSocket obj=new ServerSocket(139);
Socket obj1=[Link]();
while(true){
DataInputStream din=new DataInputStream([Link]());
DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream([Link]());
String str=[Link]();
String ip[]={"[Link]","[Link]"};
String mac[]={"6A:08:AA:C2","8A:BC:E3:FA"};
for(int i=0;i<[Link];i++){
if([Link](ip[i])){
[Link](mac[i]+'\n');
break;}}
[Link]();}}
catch(Exception e){
[Link](e);}}}

Output:

E:\networks>java Serverarp
E:\networks>java Clientarp
Enter the Logical address(IP):
[Link]
The Physical Address is: 6A:08:AA:C2

(ii) Program for Reverse Address Resolutuion Protocol (RARP) using UDP

Client:
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class Clientrarp12{
public static void main(String args[]){
try{
DatagramSocket client=new DatagramSocket();
InetAddress addr=[Link]("[Link]");
byte[] sendbyte=new byte[1024];
byte[] receivebyte=new byte[1024];
BufferedReader in=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader([Link]));
[Link]("Enter the Physical address (MAC):");
String str=[Link]();
sendbyte=[Link]();
DatagramPacket sender=new
DatagramPacket(sendbyte,[Link],addr,1309);
[Link](sender);
DatagramPacket receiver=new DatagramPacket(receivebyte,[Link]);
[Link](receiver);
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

String s=new String([Link]());

[Link]("The Logical Address is(IP): "+[Link]());
[Link]();}
catch(Exception e){
[Link](e);}}}

Server:
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class Serverrarp12{
public static void main(String args[]){
try{
DatagramSocket server=new DatagramSocket(1309);
while(true){
byte[] sendbyte=new byte[1024];
byte[] receivebyte=new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket receiver=new
DatagramPacket(receivebyte,[Link]);
[Link](receiver);
String str=new String([Link]());
String s=[Link]();
//[Link](s);
InetAddress addr=[Link]();
int port=[Link]();
String ip[]={"[Link]","[Link]"};
String mac[]={"6A:08:AA:C2","8A:BC:E3:FA"};
for(int i=0;i<[Link];i++){
if([Link](mac[i])){
sendbyte=ip[i].getBytes();
DatagramPacket sender=new
DatagramPacket(sendbyte,[Link],addr,port);
[Link](sender);
break;}}
break;}
}catch(Exception e){
[Link](e);}}}

Output:

I:\ex>java Serverrarp12
I:\ex>java Clientrarp12
Enter the Physical address (MAC):
6A:08:AA:C2
The Logical Address is(IP): [Link]
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

EXPERIMENT 4:
OBJECTIVE:
To Write The java program for simulating ping and traceroute commands.

Concept:

PING Command
The ping command is a very common method for troubleshooting the accessibility of devices.
It uses a series of Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Echo messages to determine:
1. Whether a remote host is active or inactive.
2. The round-trip delay in communicating with the host.
3. Packet loss.

The ping command first sends an echo request packet to an address, and then waits for a
reply.
The ping is successful only if:
1. the echo request gets to the destination, and
2. The destination is able to get an echo reply back to the source within a predetermined time
called a timeout. The default value of this timeout is two seconds on Cisco routers.

TRACEROUTE Command
1. The trace route command is used to discover the routes that packets actually take when
traveling to their destination. The device (for example, a router or a PC) sends out a sequence
of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) data grams to an invalid port address at the remote host.
2. Three data grams are sent, each with a Time-To-Live (TTL) field value set to one. The
TTL value of 1 causes the datagram to "timeout" as soon as it hits the first router in the path;
this router then responds with an ICMP Time Exceeded Message (TEM) indicating that the
datagram has expired.
3. Another three UDP messages are now sent, each with the TTL value set to 2, which causes
the second router to return ICMP TEMs. This process continues until the packets actually
reach the other destination.

ALGORITHM:
1. Start the program.
2. Get the frame size from the user
3. To create the frame based on the user request.
4. To send frames to server from the client side.
5. If your frames reach the server it will send ACK signal to client otherwise it will
send NACK signal to client.
6. Stop the program
Program:

//[Link]
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link];
class pingclient{
public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

String str;
int c=0;
long t1,t2;
Socket s=new Socket("[Link]",5555);
DataInputStream dis=new DataInputStream([Link]());
PrintStream out=new PrintStream([Link]());
while(c<4){
t1=[Link]();
str="Welcome to network programming world";
[Link](str);
[Link]([Link]());
t2=[Link]();
[Link](";TTL="+(t2-t1)+"ms");
c++;}
[Link]();}}
//[Link]
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
class pingserver{
public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(5555);
Socket s=[Link]();
int c=0;
while(c<4){
DataInputStream dis=new DataInputStream([Link]());
PrintStream out=new PrintStream([Link]());
String str=[Link]();
[Link]("Reply from"+[Link]()+";Length"+[Link]());
c++;}
[Link]();}}

Output :
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

EXPERIMENT 5:
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

EXPERIMENT 6:
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

EXPERIMENT-7:

Objective: Running and using services/commands like ping, trace route, nslookup, arp,
telnet, etc.

Theory:

ping:

Ping is a command-line utility, available on virtually any operating system with network connectivity,
that acts as a test to see if a networked device is reachable.

The ping command sends a request over the network to a specific device. A successful ping results in a
response from the computer that was pinged back to the originating computer.

Syntax: ping ip_address;

Figure 1: Ping command

trace route:

Traceroute is a command which can show you the actual path of a packet of information that is transmitted
from one computer to another computer.

If once the ping utility has been used to determine basic connectivity, the tracert/traceroute utility can used
to determine more specific information about the path to the destination host including
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
the Grr eoa tue r tNeo idta he packet takes and the response time of these intermediate hosts. Syntax:

tracert ip_address

Figure 2: tracert command

nslookup:

nslookup (from "name server lookup") is a network administration command-line tool for querying the
Domain Name System (DNS) to obtain the mapping between domain name and IP address, or other DNS
records.
Syntax: nslookup

Figure 3: nslookup command

arp:

The acronym ARP stands for Address Resolution Protocol which is one of the most important
protocols of the Network layer in the OSI model.
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
No Gt ree a:t e rAN oRi d a P finds the hardware address, also known as Media Access Control (MAC) address, of a host
from its known IP address.

It is a layer 2 protocol that uses a layer 3 IP address to find layer 2 MAC address.

It operates on a LAN or the same broadcast domain because ARP relies on broadcasting. It uses

the ARP table.

Syntax:
View the contents of the local ARP cache table ARP -a
[ip_addr] [-N if_addr]

Add a static Arp entry for frequent accessed hosts

ARP -s ip_addr eth_addr [if_addr]

Delete an entry
ARP -d ip_addr [if_addr]

Figure 4: arp -a command

telnet:

TELNET stands for Teletype Network. It is a type of protocol that enables one computer to connect to the
local computer. It is used as a standard TCP/IP protocol for virtual terminal service which is provided by
ISO. The computer which starts the connection is known as the local computer.
The computer which is being connected to i.e. which accepts the connection known as the remote computer.
During telnet operation, whatever is being performed on the remote computer will be displayed by the local
computer. Telnet operates on a client/server principle. The local computer uses a telnet client program and
the remote computers use a telnet server program.
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
SynGrteaatxer :Notidealnet ip_address

Figure 5: telnet command

ftp:

File Transfer Protocol(FTP) is an application layer protocol that moves files between local and remote file
systems. It runs on top of TCP, like HTTP. To transfer a file, 2 TCP connections are used by FTP in parallel:
control connection and data connection.
FTP is a standard communication protocol. There are various other protocols like HTTP which are used to
transfer files between computers, but they lack clarity and focus as compared to FTP. Moreover, the systems
involved in connection are heterogeneous systems, i.e. they differ in operating systems, directories,
structures, character sets, etc the FTP shields the user from these differences and transfers data efficiently
and reliably. FTP can transfer ASCII, EBCDIC, or image files. The ASCII is the default file share format, in
this, each character is encoded by NVT ASCII. In ASCII or EBCDIC the destination must be ready to accept
files in this mode. The image file format is the default format for transforming binary files.

Some of the FTP commands are:

● USER – This command sends the user identification to the server.

● PASS – This command sends the user password to the server.
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

● CWD – This command allows the user to work with a different directory or
dataset for file storage or retrieval without altering his login or accounting
information.
● RMD – This command causes the directory specified in the path name to be
removed as a directory.
● MKD – This command causes the directory specified in the pathname to be
created as a directory.
● PWD – This command causes the name of the current working directory to be
returned in the reply.
● RETR – This command causes the remote host to initiate a data connection and
send the requested file over the data connection.
● STOR – This command causes the storage of a file in the current directory of the
remote host.
● LIST – Sends a request to display the list of all the files present in the directory.
● ABOR – This command tells the server to abort the previous FTP service
command and any associated transfer of data.
QUIT – This command terminates a USER and if file transfer is not in progress, the server closes the
control connection
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

EXPERIMENT 8:
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida

EXPERIMENT 9:
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida
 GL BAJAJ
[Approved by AICTE, Govt. of India & Affiliated to Dr.
APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, U.P.,
India] Department of Computer Sc. & Engineering (Data
Institute of Technology & Management Science)
Greater Noida