Chapter 7- Triangles
Chapter 7 angles of a triangle
Triangles
Triangles
A triangle is a polygon that has 3 sides and 3
vertices.
- Segment AB, AC and BC are the sides of the
triangle - Points A, B and C are the vertices of the
triangle - Side BC is the side opposite to angle A
Sides AB and AC are the sides adjacent to angle
A The sum of the measures of the interior
B C
The sum of the measures of the interior angles of a triangle is equal to 180°.
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Properties of the sides and angles of a triangle
1- In every triangle, the longest side is opposite to the largest angle
and the shortest side is opposite to the smallest angle.
2- In every triangle, the largest angle is opposite to the longest side
and the smallest angle is opposite to the shortest side.
Triangular inequality
1- In a triangle, the measure of any one side is less than the sum of the measures of the other
two sides.
2- In a triangle, the measure of any one side is greater than the difference between the
measures of the other two sides.
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Chapter 7- Triangles
Special lines in a triangle
1) The height (altitude)
A height ( or altitude) is a perpendicular segment from a vertex to the side opposite that
vertex.
The three height intersect at a point called the orthocenter.
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2) The median Chapter 7- Triangles
A median is a segment from a vertex to the midpoint of the side opposite that vertex.
The three medians intersect at a point called the center of gravity ( or centroid) of the
triangle.
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Chapter 7- Triangles
3) The right bisector (perpendicular bisector)
The three right bisectors in a triangle intersect at a point that is the center of the circle that
circumscribes the triangle. We also call this point the circumcenter.
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4) The angle bisector Chapter 7- Triangles
The three angle bisectors intersect at a point that is the center of the circle that is inscribed in the
triangle. We also call this point the incenter.
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Special Triangles 1) Isosceles Triangle Chapter 7- Triangles
An isosceles triangle is a triangle that has at least two congruent sides.
In an isosceles triangle, the two sides that are congruent are called the legs, and the
thrid side is called the base.
The angle opposite to the base is called the vertex angle of the triangle and the two
other angles are called the base angles.
Property: The base angles of an isosceles triangle are congruent.
Special lines in an isosceles triangle
The median, altitude, right bisector and angle bisector through the vertex of an
isosceles triangle are the same.
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Chapter 7- Triangles
2) Equilateral Triangle
An equilateral triangle is a triangle with three congruent sides.
Property: The 3 angles in an equilateral triangle are congruent. Each measures 60°.
Special lines in an equilateral triangle
In an equilateral triangle, each median is at the same time a right bisector, an angle
bisector and an altitude.
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Chapter 7- Triangles
3) Right Triangle
A right triangle is a triangle that has 1 right angle.
The sides forming the right angle of the triangle are called the legs. The side opposite
to the right angle is called the hypotenuse.
Property: The acute angles in a right triangle are complementary.
Property of the median in a right triangle:
1- In a right triangle the median relative to the hypotenuse measures half of the
hypotenuse.
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2- In a triangle if the measure of the median is equal to half the measure of the
opposite side, then the triangle is right.
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4) Other types of triangles Chapter 7- Triangles
- A scalene triangle is a triangle that is not isoceles. It has no congruent sides
and no congruent angle.
Scalene Triangle
- An acute triangle is a triangle that has three acute angles.
- An obtuse triangle is a triangle that has 1 obtuse angle.
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