Seismic Design of Building Structures

Week 6: Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Buildings

Lecture 6.1: Special Confining Reinforcement and Ductile
Detailing of Beam-Column Joints

Dr. Vishwajit Anand

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi
Email: [Link]@[Link]
Special Confining Reinforcement (SCR)
Location Cl. 7.6, IS 13920: 2016
• Over a length 𝑙0 from the joint face, into each beam and column; maximum of:
• Larger lateral dimension of the member at yielding location
• One-sixth of clear span of the member
• 450 mm
• At least up to 300 mm, where column terminates into footing
• Full height of the column if:
• Point of contraflexure does not lie within middle half of the column
• Stiffness varies significantly along height, due to abrupt change in cross-section or
unintended restraint provided by stair-slab, mezzanine floor, plinth or lintel beams
framing into the column, RC wall or masonry wall up to partial column height
• Column supports shear wall or is resting on shear wall; in such cases, SCR should be
extended into shear wall for at least the development length of the largest longitudinal
bar in the column
Maximum spacing of links in SCR region
• 6 times diameter of the smallest longitudinal steel bars
Special Confining Reinforcement (SCR)
Cl. 7.6, IS 13920: 2016
Minimum cross-sectional area of each link in SCR region
• Circular or spiral links
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑔
0.09𝑠𝑣 𝐷𝑘 −1
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑘
𝐴𝑠ℎ = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑓𝑐𝑘
0.024𝑠𝑣 𝐷𝑘
𝑓𝑦
• 𝑠𝑣 = Pitch of spiral or spacing of links
• 𝐷𝑘 = Diameter of core of circular column measured to outside of spiral/link
• 𝐴𝑔 = Gross cross-sectional area of column
• 𝐴𝑘 = Area of concrete core of column measured to outside of spiral/link
• Rectangular links
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑔
0.18𝑠𝑣 ℎ −1
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑘
𝐴𝑠ℎ = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑓𝑐𝑘
0.05𝑠𝑣 ℎ
𝑓𝑦
• 𝑠𝑣 = Spacing of links/ties
• ℎ = Longer dimension of rectangular link measured to outer face; not exceeding 300 mm
• 𝐴𝑘 = Area of concrete core of column measured to outside of link/ties
 Sec. 9, IS 13920: 2016

Ductile Detailing of RC Beam-Column Joint

Cl. 9.1, IS 13920: 2016
Beam-Column Joint Geometry
• When beam reinforcement extends through beam-column joint, minimum
width of beam-column joint parallel to beam shall be 20 times diameter of
the largest longitudinal beam bar
 Sec. 9, IS 13920: 2016

Design of RC Beam-Column Joint for Shear

Cl. 9.1, IS 13920: 2016
• Ensure shear strength of joint exceeds shear demand on the joint
Shear Strength of a Joint
• Nominal shear strength, 𝜏𝑗𝑐 of concrete in beam-column joint

1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠

𝜏𝑗𝑐 = 1.2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠
1.0 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠

Design Shear Stress Demand on a Joint

𝑉𝑑𝑗,𝑋
• For shaking along X-direction: 𝜏𝑗𝑑,𝑋 = 𝑏𝑗 𝑤𝑗

𝑉𝑑𝑗,𝑌
• For shaking along Y-direction: 𝜏𝑗𝑑,𝑌 = 𝑏𝑗 𝑤𝑗

• 𝑉𝑑𝑗,𝑋 and 𝑉𝑑𝑗,𝑌 are design shear forces along plan directions X and Y
• To be estimated considering that the longitudinal bars reach stress of 1.25𝑓𝑦 in tension
• 𝑏𝑗 is the effective breadth of joint perpendicular to direction of shear force
• 𝑤𝑗 is the effective width of joint along the direction of shear force
 Sec. 9, IS 13920: 2016

Design of RC Beam-Column Joint for Shear

Cl. 9.2, IS 13920: 2016
Transverse Reinforcement
• Case 1: All four vertical faces of the joint have beams framing
into them covering at least 75% of joint width on each face
• At least half of the SCR should be provided through the joint
within the depth of the shallowest beam framing into it
• Spacing of these links shall not exceed 150 mm

• Case 2: All four vertical faces of the joint do not have beams
framing into them or when all four vertical faces have beams
framing into them but covering less than 75% of joint width
on any face
• SCR should be provided through the joint within the depth of the
shallowest beam framing into it
• Spacing of these links shall not exceed 150 mm

• Exterior and Corner Joints

• All 135° hooks of cross-ties should be along the outer face of
columns
Design Steps: Special Confining Reinforcement
Cl. 7.6, IS 13920: 2016
Location for Special Confining Reinforcement
• In case of beams / columns: Extent from column / beam face
• Larger lateral dimension of the member at yielding location
• One-sixth of clear span of the member
• 450 mm
• In case of foundation: Extent from column-footing interface
• 300 mm
• In case of shear wall resting on / supporting column: Extent from interface
• Development length of largest reinforcement bar in column
Spacing for Special Confining Reinforcement
• Maximum Value: Six times the smallest longitudinal bar diameter
Cross-sectional area of each link in SCR region
• Circular or spiral links
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑔
0.09𝑠𝑣 𝐷𝑘 −1
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑘
𝐴𝑠ℎ = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑓𝑐𝑘
0.024𝑠𝑣 𝐷𝑘
𝑓𝑦
• Rectangular links
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑔
0.18𝑠𝑣 ℎ −1
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑘
𝐴𝑠ℎ = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑓𝑐𝑘
0.05𝑠𝑣 ℎ
𝑓𝑦
Design Steps: Beam-Column Joints
Cl. 9.1, IS 13920: 2016
Arrive at joint geometry
• Minimum dimension: 20 times largest bar dia. in beams
Calculate design shear stress demand
• Obtain design shear forces 𝑉𝑑𝑗,𝑋 and 𝑉𝑑𝑗,𝑌
𝑉𝑑𝑗,𝑋
• For shaking along X-direction: 𝜏𝑗𝑑,𝑋 =
𝑏𝑗 𝑤𝑗
𝑉𝑑𝑗,𝑌
• For shaking along Y-direction: 𝜏𝑗𝑑,𝑌 =
𝑏𝑗 𝑤𝑗
• To be estimated considering that the longitudinal bars reach
stress of 1.25𝑓𝑦 in tension
• Calculate shear strength, 𝜏𝑗𝑐 of concrete in beam-column
joint
𝜏𝑗𝑐
1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠
= 1.2 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑠
1.0 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
• Check for 𝜏𝑗𝑐 ≥ 𝜏𝑗𝑑,𝑋 and 𝜏𝑗𝑐 ≥ 𝜏𝑗𝑑,𝑌
Design Steps: SCR in Beam-Column Joint
Cl. 9.2, IS 13920: 2016
SCR in Beam-Column Joint
• All four vertical faces of the joint have beams
framing into them covering at least 75% of
joint width on each face
• At least half of column SCR to be continued
• Spacing ≤ 150 mm

• All four vertical faces of the joint do not have

beams framing into them OR when all four
vertical faces have beams framing into them
but covering less than 75% of joint width on
any face
• Full column SCR to be continued
• Spacing ≤ 150 mm
Thank you!
Dr. Vishwajit Anand
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
IIT (BHU) Varanasi
Email: [Link]@[Link]
Phone: +91-542-716-5308
 Seismic Design of Building Structures
Week 6: Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Lecture 6.2: Design Example: RC Beam-Column Joints

Dr. Vishwajit Anand

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi
Email: [Link]@[Link]
Design of Special Confining Reinforcement
Solved Example: Solution Cl. 7.6, IS 13920: 2016
Location for Special Confining Reinforcement
• For beam: Provide till 770 mm from column face
• Larger lateral dimension of the member at yielding location: 350 𝑚𝑚
5000−400
• One-sixth of clear span of the member: 6
= 766.7 𝑚𝑚
• 450 mm
• For column: Provide till 450 mm from beam face
• Larger lateral dimension of the member at yielding location: 400 𝑚𝑚
3000−350
• One-sixth of clear span of the member: 6
= 441.7 𝑚𝑚
• 450 mm
Spacing for Special Confining Reinforcement
• For beam: Provide spacing as 75 mm (obtained during ductile
detailing of beam)
• Six times the smallest longitudinal bar diameter = 6 ∗ 16 = 96 𝑚𝑚
• For column: Provide spacing as 100 mm (obtained during
ductile detailing of beam)
• Six times the smallest longitudinal bar diameter = 6 ∗ 20 = 120 𝑚𝑚
Design of Special Confining Reinforcement
Solved Example: Solution Cl. 7.6, IS 13920: 2016
Cross-sectional area of each link in SCR region
• For beam
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑔 25 250 ∗ 350
0.18𝑠𝑣 ℎ − 1 = 0.18 ∗ 75 ∗ 290 ∗ ∗ − 1 = 115.1 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑘 500 190 ∗ 290
𝐴𝑠ℎ = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑓𝑐𝑘 25
0.05𝑠𝑣 ℎ = 0.05 ∗ 75 ∗ 290 ∗ = 54.4 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 500

• ⇒ 𝐴𝑠ℎ = 115.1 𝑚𝑚2

• 𝑠𝑣 = Spacing of links/ties = 75 𝑚𝑚
• ℎ = Longer dimension of rectangular link measured to outer face = 290 𝑚𝑚 (not exceeding 300 mm)
• 𝐴𝑔 = Gross cross-sectional area of column = 250 ∗ 350 𝑚𝑚2
• 𝐴𝑘 = Area of concrete core of column measured to outside of link/ties = 190 ∗ 290 𝑚𝑚2
• 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 25 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝑓𝑦 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎
• Provided area of links/ties in SCR
• 2-legged 8 mm dia. closed ties
𝜋
• 𝐴𝑠ℎ,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 2 ∗ ∗ 82 = 100.5 𝑚𝑚2 < 𝐴𝑠ℎ ⇒ 𝑁𝑂𝑇 𝑂𝐾
4
• Either reduce spacing or use larger diameter ties
Design of Special Confining Reinforcement
Solved Example: Solution Cl. 7.6, IS 13920: 2016
Cross-sectional area of each link in SCR region
• For beam
• Case 1: Reduce spacing to 65 mm
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑔 25 250 ∗ 350
0.18𝑠𝑣 ℎ − 1 = 0.18 ∗ 65 ∗ 290 ∗ ∗ − 1 = 99.8 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑘 500 190 ∗ 290
𝐴𝑠ℎ = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑓𝑐𝑘 25
0.05𝑠𝑣 ℎ = 0.05 ∗ 65 ∗ 290 ∗ = 47.1 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 500

• ⇒ 𝐴𝑠ℎ = 99.8 𝑚𝑚2

• 𝑠𝑣 = Spacing of links/ties = 65 𝑚𝑚
• ℎ = Longer dimension of rectangular link measured to outer face = 290 𝑚𝑚 (not exceeding 300 mm)
• 𝐴𝑔 = Gross cross-sectional area of column = 250 ∗ 350 𝑚𝑚2
• 𝐴𝑘 = Area of concrete core of column measured to outside of link/ties = 190 ∗ 290 𝑚𝑚2
• 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 25 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝑓𝑦 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎
• Provided area of links/ties in SCR
• 2-legged 8 mm dia. closed ties
𝜋
• 𝐴𝑠ℎ,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 2 ∗ ∗ 82 = 100.5 𝑚𝑚2 > 𝐴𝑠ℎ ⇒ 𝑂𝐾
4
Design of Special Confining Reinforcement
Solved Example: Solution Cl. 7.6, IS 13920: 2016
Cross-sectional area of each link in SCR region
• For beam
• Case 2: Utilize 10 mm dia. ties at 75 mm spacing
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑔 25 250 ∗ 350
0.18𝑠𝑣 ℎ − 1 = 0.18 ∗ 75 ∗ 294 ∗ ∗ − 1 = 106 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑘 500 194 ∗ 294
𝐴𝑠ℎ = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑓𝑐𝑘 25
0.05𝑠𝑣 ℎ = 0.05 ∗ 75 ∗ 294 ∗ = 55.1 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 500

• ⇒ 𝐴𝑠ℎ = 106 𝑚𝑚2

• 𝑠𝑣 = Spacing of links/ties = 75 𝑚𝑚
• ℎ = Longer dimension of rectangular link measured to outer face = 294 𝑚𝑚 (not exceeding 300 mm)
• 𝐴𝑔 = Gross cross-sectional area of column = 250 ∗ 350 𝑚𝑚2
• 𝐴𝑘 = Area of concrete core of column measured to outside of link/ties = 194 ∗ 294 𝑚𝑚2
• 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 25 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝑓𝑦 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎
• Provided area of links/ties in SCR
• 2-legged 10 mm dia. closed ties
𝜋
• 𝐴𝑠ℎ,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 2 ∗ ∗ 102 = 157 𝑚𝑚2 > 𝐴𝑠ℎ ⇒ 𝑂𝐾
4
Design of Special Confining Reinforcement
Solved Example: Solution Cl. 7.6, IS 13920: 2016
Cross-sectional area of each link in SCR region
• For column
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑔 25 400 ∗ 400
0.18𝑠𝑣 ℎ − 1 = 0.18 ∗ 100 ∗ 300 ∗ ∗ − 1 = 210 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑘 500 300 ∗ 300
𝐴𝑠ℎ = 𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑓𝑐𝑘 25
0.05𝑠𝑣 ℎ = 0.05 ∗ 100 ∗ 300 ∗ = 75 𝑚𝑚2
𝑓𝑦 500

• ⇒ 𝐴𝑠ℎ = 210 𝑚𝑚2

• 𝑠𝑣 = Spacing of links/ties = 100 𝑚𝑚
• ℎ = Longer dimension of rectangular link measured to outer face = 320 𝑚𝑚 (should not exceed 300 mm)
• ⇒ ℎ = 300 𝑚𝑚
• 𝐴𝑔 = Gross cross-sectional area of column = 400 ∗ 400 𝑚𝑚2
• 𝐴𝑘 = Area of concrete core of column measured to outside of link/ties = 300 ∗ 300 𝑚𝑚2
• 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 25 𝑀𝑃𝑎, 𝑓𝑦 = 500 𝑀𝑃𝑎
• Provided area of links/ties in SCR
• 3-legged 10 mm dia. closed ties
𝜋
• 𝐴𝑠ℎ,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 = 3 ∗ ∗ 102 = 235.6 𝑚𝑚2 > 𝐴𝑠ℎ ⇒ 𝑂𝐾
4
Design of Beam-Column Joints
Solved Example: Solution Cl. 9.1, IS 13920: 2016
Arrive at joint geometry
• Minimum dimension: 20 times largest bar dia. in beams
• 20 ∗ 20 = 400 𝑚𝑚 ⇒ 𝑂𝐾 𝑻𝟏 + 𝑻𝟐

Calculate design shear stress demand

• Obtain design shear forces and design shear stress
𝑉𝑑𝑗,𝑋
• For shaking along X-direction: 𝜏𝑗𝑑,𝑋 =
𝑏𝑗 𝑤𝑗
• Design shear force in column, 𝑉𝑢,𝑐𝑜𝑙 = 93.77 𝑘𝑁
• Tension in steel reinforcement (hogging side)
• 𝑇1 = 1.25𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑡𝑜𝑝 = 1.25 ∗ 500 ∗ 1030.44 = 644 𝑘𝑁
• Tension in steel reinforcement (sagging side)
• 𝑇2 = 1.25𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡,𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 1.25 ∗ 500 ∗ 603.19 = 377 𝑘𝑁
• To be estimated considering that the longitudinal bars reach stress of 1.25𝑓𝑦 in
tension
• Design Shear Force at Joint
• 𝑉𝑑𝑗,𝑋 = 𝑇1 + 𝑇2 − 𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑙 = 644 + 377 − 93.77 = 927.23 𝑘𝑁
• Design Shear stress at Joint
𝑉𝑑𝑗,𝑋 927230
• 𝜏𝑗𝑑,𝑋 = = = 5.79 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑏𝑗 𝑤𝑗 400∗400

Calculate shear strength, 𝜏𝑗𝑐 of concrete in beam-column joint

• Since joint is confined by beams on all four faces
𝜏𝑗𝑐 = 1.5 𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 1.5 ∗ 25 = 7.5 𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 𝜏𝑗𝑑,𝑋 = 5.79 𝑀𝑃𝑎 ⇒ 𝑂𝐾
Design of SCR in Beam-Column Joint
Solved Example: Solution Cl. 9.2, IS 13920: 2016
SCR in Beam-Column Joint
• All four vertical faces of the joint have beams framing into them,
but they are NOT covering at least 75% of joint width on each face
• Full column SCR to be continued
• Spacing ≤ 150 mm
• Provided spacing of 100 mm is adequate
Thank you!
Dr. Vishwajit Anand
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
IIT (BHU) Varanasi
Email: [Link]@[Link]
Phone: +91-542-716-5308
 Seismic Design of Building Structures
Week 6: Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Lecture 6.3: Ductile Detailing of RC Shear Walls

Dr. Vishwajit Anand

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi
Email: [Link]@[Link]
 Sec. 10, IS 13920: 2016

Shear Wall Geometry

Special Shear Wall Geometry Cl. 10.1, IS 13920: 2016
• Minimum thickness
• 150 mm
• 300 mm for buildings with coupled shear walls in any seismic zone
• Must also conform to fire resistance requirements specified in IS 456
• Minimum length-to-thickness ratio: 4
• Classification based on height-to-length ratio
• Squat walls: ℎ𝑤ൗ𝐿𝑤 < 1
• Intermediate walls: 1 ≤ ℎ𝑤ൗ𝐿𝑤 ≤ 2
• Slender walls: ℎ𝑤ൗ𝐿𝑤 > 2
• For flanged walls, consider part of the flange beyond the face of the
web, only up to smaller of
• Actual width available
• Half the distance to the adjacent structural wall web
• One-tenth of the total wall height
 Sec. 10, IS 13920: 2016

Shear Wall Reinforcement Detailing

• Uniformly spaced bars along vertical and horizontal directions
Type of Special Shear Wall Minimum Reinforcement Details Table 1, IS 13920: 2016
Squat Walls • 𝜌ℎ 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0025
ℎ𝑤
• 𝜌𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0025 + 0.5 1 − 𝜌ℎ − 0.0025
𝑡𝑤
𝑡𝑤
• 𝜌𝑣,𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝜌𝑣,𝑤𝑒𝑏 + 0.02 − 2.5 𝜌𝑣,𝑤𝑒𝑏
𝐿𝑤
• 𝜌𝑣 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑 < 𝜌ℎ 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑑

Intermediate Walls • 𝜌ℎ 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0025

• 𝜌𝑣,𝑏𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0080
• 𝜌𝑣,𝑤𝑒𝑏 𝑚𝑖𝑛
= 0.0025
𝑡𝑤
• 𝜌𝑣,𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑛
= 0.0025 + 0.01375
𝐿𝑤

Slender Walls ℎ𝑤
• 𝜌ℎ 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0025 + 0.5 −2 𝜌ℎ − 0.0025
𝐿𝑤
• 𝜌𝑣,𝑏𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛
= 0.0080
• 𝜌𝑣,𝑤𝑒𝑏 𝑚𝑖𝑛
= 0.0025
𝑡𝑤
• 𝜌𝑣,𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑚𝑖𝑛
= 0.0025 + 0.01375
𝐿𝑤
 Sec. 10, IS 13920: 2016

Shear Wall Reinforcement Detailing

Cl. 10.1, IS 13920: 2016
• If factored shear stress demand in the wall exceeds 0.25 𝑓𝑐𝑘 , or
wall thickness is 200 mm or higher
• Provide steel reinforcement in two curtains within the cross-section
• Each curtain has bars running in vertical and horizontal directions
• Horizontal bars should be placed closer to surface such that they form a
closed core concrete with closed loops and cross-ties
• Largest diameter of vertical bars: One-tenth of thickness of shear
wall
• Maximum spacing of vertical or horizontal bars
• One-fifth of horizontal length of wall
• Three times thickness of web of wall
• 450 mm
• Shear walls without boundary elements
• Provide at least 4 nos. of 12 mm diameter bars arranged in 2 layers,
concentrated as vertical reinforcement at the ends of the wall, over a
length not exceeding twice the thickness of RC wall
• Special shear walls shall be founded on foundations; they should
not rest on beams or columns
 Sec. 10, IS 13920: 2016

Design for Shear Force

𝑉𝑢
• Nominal shear stress demand: 𝜏𝑣 = Cl. 10.2, IS 13920: 2016
𝑡𝑤 𝑑 𝑤
• 𝑉𝑢 is factored shear force, 𝑡𝑤 is thickness of web, and 𝑑𝑤 is
effective depth of wall (taken as 0.8𝐿𝑤 )

• Horizontal shear reinforcement shall be designed based on

comparison of nominal shear stress demand against design
shear strength (𝜏𝑐 ) and maximum shear strength (𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ) of
concrete, obtained from Tables 19 and 20 of IS 456:2000
• Case 1: 𝜏𝑣 < 𝜏𝑐
• Provide minimum horizontal shear reinforcement, 𝐴ℎ,𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
𝜌ℎ,𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑤 ℎ𝑤

• Case 2: 𝜏𝑐 ≤ 𝜏𝑣 ≤ 𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑉𝑢 −𝜏𝑐 𝑡𝑤 𝑑𝑤
• Provide horizontal shear reinforcement, 𝐴ℎ = 𝑑 ≥ 𝐴ℎ,𝑚𝑖𝑛
0.87𝑓𝑦
𝑠𝑣
• Case 3: 𝜏𝑣 > 𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥
• Re-design the wall section
 Sec. 10, IS 13920: 2016

Design for Axial Force and Bending Moment

Cl. 10.3, IS 13920: 2016
• Estimation of moment of resistance of special shear walls
• Squat and intermediate shear walls
• Use limit state design method given in IS 456:2000 based on principles of mechanics
involving equilibrium equations, strain compatibility conditions and constitutive laws
• Slender walls with uniformly distributed vertical reinforcement and without
boundary elements
• Use expressions given in Annex. A of IS 13920:2016
 Sec. 10, IS 13920: 2016

Design for Axial Force and Bending Moment

Cl. 10.3, IS 13920: 2016
• Estimation of moment of resistance of special shear
walls
Annex. A, IS 13920: 2016
Case 1: Flexural Tension Failure
• Tension steel yields prior to concrete crushing in extreme
compression fibre: Neutral axis depth (𝑥𝑢 ) is less than limiting
neutral axis depth (𝑥𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 )
𝑥𝑢 𝑥𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 0.0035
• 𝐿𝑤
< 𝐿𝑤
= 0.87𝑓𝑦
0.0035+ 0.002+
𝐸𝑠

𝑀𝑢 𝜆 1 𝑥𝑢 𝑥𝑢 2 𝛽2
• =𝜑 1+ − 0.416 − 0.168 +
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑤 𝐿2𝑤 𝜑 2 𝐿𝑤 𝐿𝑤 3
0.87𝑓𝑦
𝑥𝑢 𝜑+𝜆 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑃𝑢 0.002+
𝐸𝑠
• = 2𝜑+0.36; 𝜑 = ; 𝜆=𝑓 ; 𝛽=
𝐿𝑤 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑤 𝐿𝑤 𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑤 𝐿𝑤 0.0035
 Sec. 10, IS 13920: 2016

Design for Axial Force and Bending Moment

Cl. 10.3, IS 13920: 2016
• Estimation of moment of resistance of special shear walls
Case 2: Flexural Compression Failure Annex. A, IS 13920: 2016
• Failure happens by concrete crushing in extreme compression fibre:
Neutral axis depth (𝑥𝑢 ) is less than limiting neutral axis depth
(𝑥𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 )
𝑥𝑢 𝑥𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 0.0035
• > = 0.87𝑓𝑦
𝐿𝑤 𝐿𝑤 0.0035+ 0.002+
𝐸𝑠

𝑀𝑢 𝑥𝑢 𝑥𝑢 2 𝜆
• = 𝛼1 − 𝛼2 − 𝛼3 −
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑤 𝐿2𝑤 𝐿𝑤 𝐿𝑤 2
• Determine 𝑥𝑢 Τ𝐿𝑤 by solving following equation:
2
𝑥𝑢 𝑥𝑢
𝛼1 + 𝛼4 − 𝛼5 = 0
𝐿𝑤 𝐿𝑤
𝛽 1 𝜑 𝛽2 1
𝛼1 = 0.36 + 𝜑 1 − 2 − 2𝛽 ; 𝛼2 = 0.15 + 2 1 − 𝛽 + − 3𝛽 ;
3

𝜑 1 𝜑 𝜑
𝛼3 = 6𝛽 −3 ; 𝛼4 = −𝜆 ; 𝛼5 =
𝑥𝑢 Τ𝐿𝑤 𝛽 2𝛽
Design Steps
Arrive at special shear wall geometry
• Minimum thickness Cl. 10.1, IS 13920: 2016
• 150 mm
• 300 mm for buildings with coupled shear walls in any seismic zone
• Must also conform to fire resistance requirements specified in IS 456
• Minimum length-to-thickness ratio: 4
Classify the shear wall
• Based on height-to-length ratio
• Squat walls: ℎ𝑤ൗ𝐿𝑤 < 1
• Intermediate walls: 1 ≤ ℎ𝑤ൗ𝐿𝑤 ≤ 2
• Slender walls: ℎ𝑤ൗ𝐿𝑤 > 2
Obtain design forces and moments
• Design Axial Force
• Design Bending Moment
• Design Shear Force
Reinforcement Detailing
• Wall thickness ≥ 200 𝑚𝑚
• Provide reinforcement (both vertical and horizontal) in two curtains
• Wall thickness < 200 𝑚𝑚
• Factored shear stress > 0.25 𝑓𝑐𝑘
• Provide reinforcement (both vertical and horizontal) in two curtains
Design Steps
Vertical Reinforcement Detailing
• At start, provide minimum vertical reinforcement (𝜌𝑣,𝑚𝑖𝑛 ) as per Table 1 of IS 13920: 2016
Cl. 10.2, IS 13920: 2016
• Depends on shear wall classification
Horizontal Reinforcement Detailing
• Nominal Shear Stress (𝜏𝑣 )
𝑉𝑢
• 𝜏𝑣 = 𝑡
𝑤 𝑑𝑤
• 𝑉𝑢 is factored shear force, 𝑡𝑤 is thickness of web, and 𝑑𝑤 is effective depth of wall (taken as 0.8𝐿𝑤 )
• Design Shear Strength of Concrete (𝜏𝑐 )
• Depends on grade of concrete and percentage of longitudinal steel reinforcement
• For column, it also depends on design axial load and gross area of column
• Table 19, IS 456: 2000
• Cl. 40.2.2, IS 456: 2000
• Maximum Shear Stress (𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 )
• Depends on grade of concrete
• Table 20, IS 456: 2000
• Compare 𝜏𝑣 , 𝜏𝑐 and 𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥
• 𝜏𝑣 ≤ 𝜏𝑐 ⇒ Provide minimum transverse steel reinforcement
• 𝜏𝑐 < 𝜏𝑣 ≤ 𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ⇒ Design transverse reinforcement
• 𝜏𝑣 > 𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ⇒ Re-design (Increase) the section
Design Steps
Horizontal Reinforcement Detailing Cl. 10.2, IS 13920: 2016
• 𝜏𝑣 ≤ 𝜏𝑐 ⇒ Provide minimum transverse steel reinforcement
• 𝐴ℎ,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝜌ℎ,𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑡𝑤 ℎ𝑤
• Table 1, IS 13920: 2016
• Depends on shear wall classification
• 𝜏𝑐 < 𝜏𝑣 ≤ 𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ⇒ Design transverse reinforcement
𝑉𝑢 −𝜏𝑐 𝑡𝑤 𝑑𝑤
• 𝐴ℎ = 𝑑 ≥ 𝐴ℎ,𝑚𝑖𝑛
0.87𝑓𝑦
𝑠𝑣
• Involves iteration (either assume 𝐴𝑠𝑣 or 𝑠𝑣 )
• 𝜏𝑣 > 𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 ⇒ Re-design (Increase) the section
Check vertical and horizontal steel to satisfy ductile detailing requirements
• Largest diameter of vertical bars: One-tenth of thickness of shear wall
• Maximum spacing of vertical or horizontal bars
• One-fifth of horizontal length of wall
• Three times thickness of web of wall
• 450 mm
Design Steps
Design for Axial Force and Bending Moment Cl. 10.2, IS 13920: 2016
• Calculate moment of resistance of shear wall
• Squat / Intermediate Shear Wall
• Utilize relevant chart from SP 16
′ 𝑃𝑢
• Use values of 𝑓𝑦 , 𝑑 ൗ𝐷, 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐵𝐷
, (𝑝ൗ𝑓𝑐𝑘)
• Slender Shear Wall
• Annex. A, IS 13920: 2016
• Flexural Tension Failure / Flexural Compression Failure
• Compare moment of resistance against design bending
moment
• May need to provide boundary element or increase vertical
reinforcement
Thank you!
Dr. Vishwajit Anand
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
IIT (BHU) Varanasi
Email: [Link]@[Link]
Phone: +91-542-716-5308
 Seismic Design of Building Structures
Week 6: Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Lecture 6.4: Ductile Detailing of RC Shear Walls

Dr. Vishwajit Anand

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi
Email: [Link]@[Link]
 Sec. 10, IS 13920: 2016

Boundary Elements
Provision of boundary elements Cl. 10.4, IS 13920: 2016
• Extreme fibre compressive stress in wall exceeds 0.2𝑓𝑐𝑘
• May be discontinued at elevations where extreme fibre
compressive stress becomes less than 0.15𝑓𝑐𝑘
• Need not be provided if entire wall section is provided
with special confining reinforcement
Axial load carrying capacity, assuming short column
action
• Adequate to carry axial compression arising from factored
gravity load and lateral seismic shaking effects
• Load factor for gravity loads to be taken as 0.8, in case of
net tension
 Sec. 10, IS 13920: 2016

Boundary Elements
Vertical reinforcement in boundary elements Cl. 10.4, IS 13920: 2016
• Minimum 0.8%; Maximum 6%; Practically limited to 4%
Special confining reinforcement throughout the
height:
𝑓𝑐𝑘
• 𝐴𝑠ℎ = 0.05𝑠𝑣 ℎ
𝑓𝑦
• Spacing not more than
• One-third of minimum member dimension of boundary
element
• 6 times diameter of the smallest longitudinal reinforcement
bars
• 100 mm, but may be relaxed to 150 mm if maximum distance
between cross-ties or parallel legs of links is limited to 200
mm
 Sec. 10, IS 13920: 2016

Design Steps
Cl. 10.4, IS 13920: 2016
Check Requirement of Boundary Elements
• Extreme fibre compressive stress in wall exceeds 0.2𝑓𝑐𝑘
• May be discontinued at elevations where extreme fibre compressive stress becomes
less than 0.15𝑓𝑐𝑘
• Need not be provided if entire wall section is provided with special confining
reinforcement
Geometry and Reinforcement Detailing
• Assume thickness of boundary elements
• At least equal to thickness of shear wall
• At start, provide minimum longitudinal steel (0.8%)
Calculate Axial Load Carrying Capacity
• Consider boundary element as a short column
• Calculate axial load carrying capacity
• 𝑃𝑢 = 0.40𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑐 + 0.67𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑐
 Sec. 10, IS 13920: 2016

Design Steps
Longitudinal Reinforcement in Boundary Element Cl. 10.4, IS 13920: 2016
• Obtain design moment for boundary element
• Subtract moment of resistance of wall (without boundary element) from design
bending moment
• Obtain axial load in the boundary element
• Compression and tension due to design moment
• Compression due to gravity load (proportional to area of boundary element)
• Check adequacy of compression element
• Compare axial force in compression element against axial load carrying capacity
• Check adequacy of tension element
• Compare axial force in tension element against tension capacity of provided steel
• Revise longitudinal steel reinforcement, if required
Transverse Reinforcement in Boundary Element
• Provide Special Confining Reinforcement throughout the height
𝑓𝑐𝑘
• 𝐴𝑠ℎ = 0.05𝑠𝑣 ℎ 𝑓𝑦
• Spacing not more than
• One-third of minimum member dimension of boundary element
• 6 times diameter of the smallest longitudinal reinforcement bars
• 100 mm, but may be relaxed to 150 mm if maximum distance between cross-ties or
parallel legs of links is limited to 200 mm
 Sec. 10, IS 13920: 2016

Coupling Beams
Cl. 10.5, IS 13920: 2016
• Connects two coplanar shear walls
• Increases overall stiffness and lateral force resistance of a building
• If earthquake induced shear stress in coupling beam,
𝐿𝑠
𝜏𝑣 > 0.1 𝑓𝑐𝑘
𝐷
• Entire earthquake induced shear, bending moment and axial
compression shall be resisted by diagonal reinforcement alone.
• 𝐿𝑠 and 𝐷 are clear span and overall depth of coupling beam
• Diagonal reinforcement in coupling beam
𝑉
• Area along each diagonal: 𝐴𝑠𝑑 = 1.74𝑓 𝑢sin 𝛼
𝑦
• Provide at least 4 nos. of 8 mm dia bars along each diagonal
• Enclose diagonal reinforcement by special confining reinforcement
(similar to those in columns) with spacing not exceeding 100 mm
• Anchor diagonal bars of the coupling beam to a minimum length
of 1.5 times the development length in tension
 Sec. 10, IS 13920: 2016

Openings in Shear Walls

Cl. 10.6, IS 13920: 2016
• Shear strength of a wall with openings should be checked at critical
horizontal planes passing through openings
• Additional steel reinforcement should be provided along all four
edges of openings in walls
• Half of the bars interrupted by an opening should be provided on either side
of the opening, in respective direction
• Additional vertical bars should extend for full storey height
• Additional horizontal bars should extend for development length in tension,
beyond the opening edge
 Sec. 10, IS 13920: 2016

Construction Joints
Cl. 10.7, IS 13920: 2016
• Vertical reinforcement across a horizontal construction joint
𝐴𝑠𝑡 0.92 𝑃𝑢
≥ 𝜏𝑣 −
𝐴𝑔 𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑔
 Sec. 10, IS 13920: 2016

Splicing of Bars in Shear Walls

Splicing of Longitudinal Reinforcement in Shear Walls Cl. 10.8, IS 13920: 2016
• Splicing of longitudinal (vertical) reinforcement should be avoided at
probable location of flexural yielding, such as
• From base of wall: Larger of (i) wall length, and (ii) One-sixth of wall height
• Within a joint
• Within a distance of 2d from any probable location of flexural yielding
• Splicing Details
• Lap length should not be less than development length of largest spliced bar in
tension
• Not more than 50% of area of steel bars should be spliced at a section
• Horizontal reinforcement (acting as loops) at splicing location
• Minimum diameter: One-fourth of spliced bars, but not less than 8 mm
• Maximum spacing: 150 mm
Thank you!
Dr. Vishwajit Anand
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
IIT (BHU) Varanasi
Email: [Link]@[Link]
Phone: +91-542-716-5308
 Seismic Design of Building Structures
Week 6: Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Buildings
Lecture 6.5: Design Example: RC Shear Walls

Dr. Vishwajit Anand

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi
Email: [Link]@[Link]
Design and Ductile Detailing of RC Special Shear Wall
Solved Example: Problem

Design a 5 m long RC special shear wall for a four-storey building with

storey height of 3.5 m. The design loads obtained from linear structural
analysis are as follows:
Design Axial Force = 2500 kN
Design Bending Moment = 7500 kNm
Design Shear Force = 500 kN
Use concrete of grade M25 and steel reinforcement of grade Fe500.
Design of Special Shear Wall
Solved Example: Solution Cl. 10.1, IS 13920: 2016
Arrive at special shear wall geometry
• Assume Thickness of Special Shear Wall = 300 mm
• Minimum thickness for coupled shear walls in any seismic zone is 300 mm
5000
• Length-to-thickness ratio = = 16.67 > 4 ⇒ 𝑂𝐾
300
Classify the shear wall
4∗3.5
• Height-to-length ratio, ℎ𝑤ൗ𝐿𝑤 = = 2.8 > 2.0 ⇒ 𝑆𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑊𝑎𝑙𝑙
5
Obtain design forces and moments
• Design Axial Force = 2500 kN
• Design Bending Moment = 7500 kNm
• Design Shear Force = 500 kN
Check for boundary element
𝑃𝑢 𝑀𝑢 2500∗103 7500∗106
• Stress at extreme compression fibre, 𝜎 = + = + 300∗50002
= 7.66 𝑀𝑃𝑎 > 0.2𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 5 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐴 𝑍 300∗5000
6
• Hence, boundary elements are required at wall edges
• Adopt 300 mm X 500 mm boundary element on either side
• Therefore, wall web is 300 mm X 4000 mm
Reinforcement Detailing
• Wall thickness = 300 mm > 200 𝑚𝑚
• Hence, Provide reinforcement (both vertical and horizontal) in two curtains
Design of Special Shear Wall
Solved Example: Solution
Vertical Reinforcement Detailing Cl. 10.2, IS 13920: 2016
• At start, provide minimum vertical reinforcement (𝜌𝑣,𝑤𝑒𝑏 𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0025)
• Slender wall; Table 1 of IS 13920: 2016
• Assume 10 mm dia. vertical bars in two curtains
𝜋 4000
2∗ ∗102 ∗
4 𝑠𝑣
• 0.0025 = ⇒ 𝑠𝑣 = 209.43 𝑚𝑚
4000∗300
• Hence, provide 10 mm dia. vertical bars at
𝜋
200 mm
4000
c/c spacing, in each curtain
2∗ ∗102 ∗
• Provided vertical reinforcement, 𝑝 = 4 200
∗ 100% = 0.26%
4000∗300
Check vertical reinforcement to satisfy ductile detailing requirements
300
• Diameter of vertical bars = 10 𝑚𝑚 < 10
𝑚𝑚 ⇒ 𝑂𝐾
• Largest diameter of vertical bars shall be less than one-tenth of thickness of shear wall
• Provided spacing of vertical bars = 200 𝑚𝑚 > 450 𝑚𝑚 ⇒ 𝑂𝐾
4000
• One-fifth of horizontal length of wall = = 800 𝑚𝑚
5
• Three times thickness of web of wall = 3 ∗ 300 = 900 𝑚𝑚
• 450 mm
Design of Special Shear Wall
Solved Example: Solution
Horizontal Reinforcement Detailing
𝑉 500∗1000
• Nominal Shear Stress, 𝜏𝑣 = 𝑢 = = 0.521 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑡𝑤 𝑑𝑤 300∗0.8∗4000
• Design Shear Strength of Concrete, 𝜏𝑐 = 0.365 𝑀𝑃𝑎 Cl. 10.2, IS 13920: 2016
• Grade of concrete (M25), Percentage of longitudinal steel (0.26%), Design axial load (2500 kN), and gross area (300mmX5000mm); Table
19 and Cl. 40.2.2, IS 456: 2000
• Maximum Shear Stress, 𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3.1 𝑀𝑃𝑎
• Grade of concrete (M25); Table 20, IS 456: 2000
• 𝜏𝑐 < 𝜏𝑣 ≤ 𝜏𝑐,𝑚𝑎𝑥
• ⇒ Design transverse reinforcement
𝑉𝑢 − 𝜏𝑐 𝑡𝑤 𝑑𝑤 500000 − 0.365 ∗ 300 ∗ 0.8 ∗ 4000
𝐴ℎ = =
𝑑 0.8 ∗ 4000
0.87𝑓𝑦 𝑠 0.87 ∗ 500 ∗ 𝑠𝑣
𝑣
𝜋
• Assume 10 mm dia. bars in each curtain, 𝐴ℎ = 2 ∗ 4 ∗ 102 = 157 𝑚𝑚2 ⇒ 𝑠𝑣 ≥ 1460 𝑚𝑚
ℎ𝑤 14000
𝐴ℎ 157∗
𝑠𝑣
• ⇒ 𝜌ℎ = 𝑡𝑤 ℎ𝑤
1460
= 300∗14000 = 0.0004
ℎ𝑤 14
• 𝜌ℎ,𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0025 + 0.5 𝐿𝑤
−2 𝜌𝑣,𝑤𝑒𝑏 − 0.0025 = 0.0025 + 0.5 4
−2 0.0026 − 0.0025 = 0.0026 > 𝜌ℎ = 0.0004
• Assume 10 mm dia. vertical bars in two curtains
𝜋 14000
2∗ ∗102 ∗
4 𝑠𝑣
• 0.0026 = 14000∗300
⇒ 𝑠𝑣 = 201.3 𝑚𝑚
• Hence, provide 10 mm dia. vertical bars at 200 mm c/c spacing, in each curtain

Check horizontal reinforcement to satisfy ductile detailing requirements

• Provided spacing of horizontal bars = 200 𝑚𝑚 > 450 𝑚𝑚 ⇒ 𝑂𝐾
5000
• One-fifth of horizontal length of wall = 5 = 1000 𝑚𝑚
• Three times thickness of web of wall = 3 ∗ 300 = 900 𝑚𝑚
• 450 mm
Design of Special Shear Wall
Solved Example: Solution
Design for Axial Force and Bending Moment Cl. 10.2, IS 13920: 2016
• Calculate moment of resistance (Slender Shear Wall; Annex. A, IS 13920: 2016)
𝑥𝑢 𝑥𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 0.0035
• Flexural Tension Failure, i.e., Assume < = 0.87𝑓𝑦
𝐿𝑤 𝐿𝑤 0.0035+ 0.002+ 𝐸
𝑠
𝑥𝑢 𝜑+𝜆 0.0452+0.0833
• 𝐿𝑤
= 2𝜑+0.36 = 2∗0.0452+0.36
= 0.285
0.87𝑓𝑦 𝜌𝑣 0.87∗500∗0.0026
• 𝜑= = = 0.0452
𝑓𝑐𝑘 25
𝑃𝑢 2500∗103
• 𝜆= = = 0.0833
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑤 𝐿𝑤 25∗300∗4000
𝑥𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚 0.0035
• = 0.87∗500 = 0.462
𝐿𝑤 0.0035+ 0.002+ 210000
𝑥 𝑥
• Therefore, 𝐿 𝑢 < 𝑢,𝑙𝑖𝑚
𝐿𝑤
(Our assumption is correct)
𝑤
0.87𝑓𝑦 0.87∗500
0.002+ 𝐸 0.002+ 210000
• 𝛽= 𝑠
= = 1.16
0.0035 0.0035
𝑀𝑢 𝜆 1 𝑥 𝑥𝑢 2 𝛽2 0.0833 1
• 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑡𝑤 𝐿2𝑤
=𝜑 1 + 𝜑 2 − 0.416 𝐿 𝑢 − 𝐿𝑤
0.168 + 3
= 0.0452 ∗ ቂ 1 + 0.0452 ቀ2 − 0.416 ∗
𝑤
Design of Special Shear Wall
Solved Example: Solution
Design of Boundary Element Cl. 10.2, IS 13920: 2016
500
• Fraction of area covered by boundary element at each end = = 0.1
5000
• Compression Element
• Factored gravity load = 0.1 ∗ 2500 = 250 𝑘𝑁
7500−5608 ∗106
• Compression due to external moment = = 420.4 𝑘𝑁
5000−2∗250
• Total force in compression element = 250 + 420.4 = 670.4 𝑘𝑁 (Compression)
• Axial load carrying capacity of compression element
• 𝑃𝑢 = 0.40𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝐴𝑐 + 0.67𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑐 = ൣ 0.40 ∗ 25 ∗ 300 ∗ 500 − 1200 + ሺ0.67 ∗ 500 ∗
Design of Special Shear Wall
Solved Example: Solution
Design of Boundary Element Cl. 10.2, IS 13920: 2016
500
• Fraction of area covered by boundary element at each end = = 0.1
5000
• Tension Element
2500
• Factored gravity load = 0.1 ∗ 0.8 ∗ = 133.3 𝑘𝑁
1.5
7500−5608 ∗106
• Tension due to external moment = = 420.4 𝑘𝑁
5000−2∗250
• Total force in compression element = 133.3 − 420.4 = −287.1 𝑘𝑁 (Tension)
• Tension carrying capacity of column
• 𝑇𝑢 = 0.87𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 0.87 ∗ 500 ∗ 1200 = 522 𝑘𝑁 > 287.1 𝑘𝑁 ⇒ 𝑂𝐾
• Assuming minimum 0.8% of steel, 𝐴𝑠𝑐 = 0.008 ∗ 300 ∗ 500 = 1200 𝑚𝑚2
• Provide 6 nos. of 16 mm dia. bars (3 on each face)
𝜋
• Provided steel = 6 ∗ 4 ∗ 162 = 1206.4 𝑚𝑚2
• Maximum diameter of vertical bars should be one-tenth of wall thickness ⇒ 𝑂𝐾
• Minimum longitudinal steel (if boundary element was not provided): 4 − 12𝜙 ⇒ 𝑂𝐾
Design of Special Shear Wall
Solved Example: Solution
Design of Boundary Element Cl. 10.2, IS 13920: 2016

• Special confining reinforcement throughout the height:

𝑓𝑐𝑘
• 𝐴𝑠ℎ = 0.05𝑠𝑣 ℎ
𝑓𝑦
• Assuming 2-legged 8 mm dia. closed tie and one 8 mm dia. cross-tie
𝜋
• 𝐴𝑠ℎ = 3 ∗ ∗ 82 = 150.8 𝑚𝑚2
4
150.8∗500
• 𝑠𝑣 = = 143.6 𝑚𝑚
0.05∗ 500−2∗40 ∗25
• Spacing not more than
300
• One-third of minimum member dimension of boundary element = = 100 𝑚𝑚
3
• 6 times diameter of the smallest longitudinal reinforcement bars = 6 ∗ 16 = 96 𝑚𝑚
• 100 mm, but may be relaxed to 150 mm if maximum distance between cross-ties or parallel
legs of links is limited to 200 mm: 150 mm
• Provide 2-legged 8 mm dia. closed tie and one 8 mm dia. cross-tie at 90 mm
c/c spacing, throughout the height of boundary element
Design of Special Shear Wall
Solved Example: Solution

Reinforcement
Detailing
Thank you!
Dr. Vishwajit Anand
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
IIT (BHU) Varanasi
Email: [Link]@[Link]
Phone: +91-542-716-5308