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All Tricks Compiled

The document provides various mathematical shortcuts and formulas for finding intersections of lines, conic sections, functional equations, limits, and properties of functions. It includes methods for determining the periodicity of functions, graphical approaches to identify one-one and many-one functions, and specific techniques for solving arithmetic progressions. Additionally, it offers a crash course on integration and key concepts in calculus and algebra.

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4 views73 pages

All Tricks Compiled

The document provides various mathematical shortcuts and formulas for finding intersections of lines, conic sections, functional equations, limits, and properties of functions. It includes methods for determining the periodicity of functions, graphical approaches to identify one-one and many-one functions, and specific techniques for solving arithmetic progressions. Additionally, it offers a crash course on integration and key concepts in calculus and algebra.

Uploaded by

shaileshdixit9911
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
ONESHOT NDA12026_ € —— Py. ee GEOMETRY SHORTCUTS 9-7 Short trick to find the intersection point of two lines ax + by +c; = 0 and ax + bay + ¢; =0 is: byez —crby M12 = 6102 ba bya 84 Y =~ ab, = bya Mustration 3 Find the intersection point ofthe lines 3x + y +2 = Oand 5x + 3) Short-cut sol Using T-2 ; ¢ My 1) 1 Foot of perpendicular Im APQR if X, ¥, Z are the mid points of triangle, then yn ltteer .0 N- Roflection oF Mart. line | we can Find the vertices of the triangle by using shortcut onert se method, P wt) a - w () To determine ‘L’-» |P=% = K=¥s _ ~lau + by, +¢) P=X+#Z-Y a b at X, .Y Q=X+Y-z (i) To determine ‘N-»/ = = Ys - Blan Hb Fe) @ ope, (Ree zex - arb? CONIC SECTIONS REVISION CHEAT SHEET PARAGOLA ELLIPSE HYPERGOLA QUICK COMPARISON @ LenctH oF LaTus RecTuM | (1) ECCENTRICITY Ee @eccenrricry d« [Paraboa| tee | Hyper] Maced sential Seeytaeieesdk: oes w W.|@} IC Ocet ty | ornimefae | Petar | bo toa estes] byeexs dysee setae ice pen : (ees Pa rs SY” contin of TT | S24] ate ay 00 en eyo wemesstk ® tenet oF LaTus RECTUM eee eee Ls [| Let the eaten of lipse laws | fe off ear |@ TANGENT (Slope Form) tn E IC 2 equation ef hyperbola is = = 1 @ TANGENT (Slope Form) wien ctor sy |g base tit fe “Fh I equation of parabola» haxand = eusdopenenae © rcs a = Theget J>O pate teats (222,22) | “S| et | cede 2Ofpant tron = (25.22) ete er we l<> @ [edition oftngercy is Tegent a) ass DO| condition of tngeney isc 2 adm -bt esa os --@feuitin oftangoey be =e'0?+ P) lec» @ [equation of begets aa D@| caationct tanaetisy = m+ 5] | 5 legen of tnget ny = maz Vera] ya mat YaimtbE ee | ect | emt 1. FUNCTION DEFINITIONS 4. SPECIFIC CASE RESULTS Example Coefficients FOYER) —> Ax)=Ax+1 fencer net sOeaedaued G(x) = x+d |—> g(x) =1x+2<~ ”imoled Tae 3. KEY MATHEMATICAL 2. COMMUTATIVE CONDITION: RELATIONSHIPS — Mp FG) =F) B® aap [ad+b=be +d) Step 1: Expand F(9(x)) Yo (ad=be = d= 6) e £(9(x)) = Flex + d) = alex +d) +b Acructal at Step 2: Expand g(F(x)) Observe: fa g(F(x)) = g(ox + b) = c(ax +b) +d a ‘i in Step 3: Equate them =a alex +d)+b=clax+b)+d ‘YY PROTIP: This simplifed added the cancellation: gck+ad+b=ack+be+d ad+b=be+d Alternative Better Fo Better. This form is often more useful for analysis A function is periodic if each value repeats after a definite interval. A (x) will be periodic és positive real number T exists sich that: © the least positive value of T is called the period of the function. fo] ## Important Notes ) > © (Constant function is periodic but has no fundamental period. (a) f(nx) has period T/n “Wir > [fe If function f(x) has period T, then: (b) £(«/n) has period nT ~Av~ (©) f(ax+b) has period Z fOr > ao If period of f(x) & 9%) are same mm then the period of[af(x) + bg(x) will also be T. ' > 2% Tf period of f(x) is T; and g(x) is Tz, then period of f(x) + g(x) will be[LCM of T, and T,) ‘«’ provided it satisfies the definition... ## Periodic Tables & Re sin x, cos x, sec x, csc x have period 27 by tan x, cot x have period 7 & L> MIM Isin x1, [cos xl, [tan x1, Icot x1, [sec xl, csc x] are periodic with period a SF a= \o" Th ® then ; x + ye Oana rea Crash Course Notes 8 RANKERS BATCH (CN oe +_ STARTING DATE - 20 APRIL z 2499/ - + VALIDITY TILL - 13™ SEPTEMBER ey q sy. oe For any eq of form: | af(x) + bfx) = gC) a eee ne ..we have... J See a, bare function. | Yeey FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS °@ I FGYy) =F&)+ty) —> (=k O Gi IF FGy) =f) fy) —> NER oi) HFK+y) =f): fy) —> f& =a © (iv) If Flx+y) = #0) + FY) —=> [FG) =x] °@ If Fe +y) =F) =FfG) —> =P lis Ww By considering a general nth degree polynomial and writing the expression: (af © -r(2) 2100 +0(1) map (Rewer ath “EUNCTIONALEQUATIONS FUNCTIONAL EQUATIONS™ (CONCEPT 1) (CON © PT 1 g ; PT 2) 5 $ f(xy) = f(x+y) te, S . iF i = - i a ie a Me 89) = al = ok A ——_ Necklace : Let f(x) = ax? + bx +c be a quadratic polynomial such that f(1) = f(4) =2. VW Further, 2 is a root of f(x) =0. A 4 What is the other root of f(x) = 0? & (a) 1 & (b) 2 - » S03 G So the other root of f(x) =0is3— x & (d) Cannot be determined 5 ae eee Range of the function f(x) = MJS DEFENCE ACADEMY RECOMMENDATION 4 AFSB VARANASI Eton VANE INCE] TOs Earns etree MTOM From fg JHARKHAND ForAdmission : 8840409878 Pea Identification of function using graph: If it is possible to draw lines parallel to y-axis which cuts the one point then the given relation is not a function and when the line cuts the) curve more than curve at only one point than it is a function. Graphical approach to check one-one or many-one function Construct the graph and draw lines parallel to x-axis, if it cuts the graph one time then it is a function and if it cuts more than one time then it is a many-one function. Check whether = x? is a one-one or many-one function. It is a many-one function. Calculus approach to check one-one or many-one function. Differentiate the function. f(x) {f(x) must be differentiable} - dv . : * If x >0 = Monotonically = one-one function “ Increases * If <0 = Monotonically = one-one function Decreases dy au dy ~ . ee We >0 => for some ‘x’ and — > 0 for some x then function ix is many-one function. Let f(x) and g (x) be the two functions which are periodic then period of h (x) =f(x)— g(x) is LCM of T, and as one its periods. ) and g (x) respectively. LCM of numerator HCF of denominator where, T,. T, are period of. *® Note: LCM of irrational number = Find period of f(x) = cos (sin x) + cos (cos x) @s Short-cut solution : [Using T- 14 | Since, period of cos (sin x) is mand priod of cos (cos x) is x Hence the priod of {(x) = LCM (n. 1) = x. o SULTIMATE INTEGRATION S Q SHORTCUTS & FORMULAS 0) = (8Y PARTS SHORTCUTS) lex J £2 dx logl fool (ee (a) Je [kF)+ Pod] dx = FO) +e (I= fee ea = LEGO +c 4 0 fer[sorefax= ef) +O 290 SUF) + Fox dx = xF00+07 a Derivation = \. 4 (axtebuee) = 2axt (ax*+bx+c) 2 tan* (2 ————] +e 2; dx JGac-b* ax2+bx+c Vaac-b* See bantion where S4ac-b* >0 e y ¢ A YA. Numerator is derived: #1 (axt+bx+c)=2ax+b Jaseorse Fateiccia = 2 Vaxtbxr +(-#) | HIREAROVERQUADEATIC 2a} J Yaxt+bx+e PR ao PL ,—__(2 adeberc 2 Ogle 58 Important Substitution by +(-B)famme® | | ma emelen) 5 Go Formulas (A) & (B) OFecrinkel een all *? LIMITS REVISION: TRIGONOMETRY SHORTCUTS ;* Special Product Series < Quotient Shortcuts | i .[Link]* X _ sinx ~ tan?mx _/m)?P im_cos*.-cos*.cos....-cos% = SX lim tanimx _ (@) 2 4 B 2 x30] tan? nx n > lim £08ax=cosbx _ a?-b? tan? mx (ay im ny 2 2 qz tan? nx n K x0] coscx-cosdx ¢?- o lim 1=cosmx _ m? oO x30] 1-cosnx n? “& Important Limits Y 222 . my . re 1 A - 2 — m2 m (cos) a m (cosx+asinbx)""=e% lim pecs RE oe eae m x’ 2 FSrandard Resultsp=> ag, Pormenltns bh =" erSre* (a) lim, sina = ca (e) tim sin'x = sina, (b) tim cosx=1 (f) lim cosx = cos" alal<1] (c) tim, An S08e =0 . (g) lim tan'x = tana, aeR (4) jim, SCL) 4 f (h) Rear af 0; daaiemeane cinta Gites men VC ALGEBRAIC LIMITS (@ Gamaarmeneatesm-\ |’— (i) Special case (Rational)-<75 (ii) Complex Form lim =a" tim fey n [rece lim X2=9% . I-loga ("rea) xoa xX—a% ~ 1+log) x- (v) Scaled Special Forms dv- (v) (1+bx)™15 (+am)h - a If m and n are positive integers and Ao, ear are real numbers, then: Only when (q-P=1) LOGARITHMIC LIMITS EXPONENTIAL LIMITS G CD 4 (Loganithmic Limits>st —> Of Rs ol \) does not exist, if a0) © (A)| lim !ge@+0 _ 105 6 ©) | Tareom ee log.b cote ct feo bcm tacmeaetOda * thaerd cht Power a haart (Function & Power @ Function) =D If lim f(x) = lim (g@0)=0 Ww @ (iv) (Provided lim f(x) = 0) Fd = (0 in (14 5)" = 0009 | 3eStandard Results * “| 4. General Average Form Ke (a) ting a0 =e «iy (b) lim (1+ 4)"=e 120-1 PA (viii) tim n(1 + ax) Jim lim (1+ Oe =e CET at ce PELE UE makes a champi- Cy 1 x<0 Now, tet hr init: ips) = 1 (a) im. [x]=2 (b) ling, [xJ=5 Sgn(x) = {3 ised fight hand i Speco eS x r wer we (© Jim. Exl=-5 — @) Jim, el ay (8 © | Fea ee (e) Nim Ix -6] = tim (6 - x) =1 As LH.L# RH.L a limit doesn’t exist. For Hl P atae ee Te ft ai ie{ x59 Pacis SS aie ete > D ace Example let's tet) =x] ‘nian 20 B LHL => i Ex) = 1 RAL => i fc) =2 bean (l) sme 3 LHL # RH.L So limit doesn’t exist. { : Ix-a} Wet end itp (s)=0 | vetmenemamenmer O]aeree EAL oi i suimpsn(z) tgeos(s) . Vx . ime atin Eg Ie | ee Remember: continuous and limit always ‘exists at every reol number. [57] <[x]x}s, i : iy 0% ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION (A.P.): KEY CONCEPT ‘: CONCEPT: SUM & TERM RATIO i If the ratio of sum of n terms of two A.P, is f(n) : g(n), then ratio of their n* term will be: S fn - 1) :9(an =). J [ KEY RULE: Substitute n > (2n-1)] Z $8 ILLUSTRATION 2 @ Apply the Rule! The ratio of the sum of n terms of two A.P.’s is (3n - 13) : (Sn + 21), The ratio of & 24% terms of the two progressions is: @ Identify f(n) & g(n): | & Determine n for target term: fj Calculate final ratio: Lidell hee £2), W413, 128 gn) = Sn+ 21 @ Substitute (2n-l): os ro) Paral ae (0G 0) 2:3 0@3:5 CRASH COURSE A.?. revision | Visual Study Notes If the ratio of n terms of two A.P.s is f(n): g(n) then ratio of sum of n terms will be ae | Illustration 3 4 “If the ratio of first n terms of two A.P’sis 14n-6 " @ epee Braga then find the ratio of sum Short-cut solution :| [Using T-3:) aoe Given) a 8(n+1)+23 —, Si (8n+1)+2 y _y Tat "| 2” AM - GM RATIO: KEY TECHNIQUE #4 1. The AM-GM Ratio Formula If arithmetic mean and geometric mean of two numbers a and b (a > b) are in ratio m:n, then: / > 7 EN (2UAPPLICATION: Thustration’4 gy: Aitvowin Powe m's fon An fom ct Problem Statement if a and B be the roots of equation x? - 6x + 4 = 0, then find the ratio of a and B. 2 GA SHORT-CUT SOLUTION g [USING T-4 9] ptweasp=6 SB Identify AM & GM from the quadratic: 6M = V(aB = V4=2 AL © & set Ratio m:n AM : GM = 3:2 So, m= 3, n=2 & 34VP=-2 _ 3+ V9-4 Apply Formula: Ratio of roots (a/B) = s° - es = : Von C) 24 CRASH COURSE AM-GM Trick ] Quick Exam Prep | Aesthetic Notes | eR £8 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION: SPECIAL TRICK |, Crash Course Revision Sheet \S If pth term of an AP. is + and q'' term is 7, then: LZ (i) The Core Parameters) pr They are o aap rise Term and d= Common Difference wa" Oo Remember: ap, = a+ (m-1)d,| 3. gt Baton i Derived with 4 2 Sum of m Terms a Sm= e (2a +(m-1)d) =f gs. = m(m+1) om 2pq &, MATHEMATICS: SPECIAL SERIES TRICK 9 lad, Infinite Telescoping-Type Series a a os General Trick: (SC-3) _ i i 7 ee * Sum of infinite series of type | ab, + an as +00 = Telescoping aba) 7 a4 A: where ay, a2, d3..... are first A.P and b;, b2, b3.... are second A.P and by - a; =(62 — a on: Illustration 8 @O Q 1,1, 1, w(b) 1 Correct Answer) Find the sum of the following infinite series: —>+-5+ 25+. , J i2*23*34*~ (@) None of these 4 Step-by-Step Short-cut Solution: Here a, =1, b= 3 Using SC-3 Trick! AW # ES G P& Identify variables from series 4 + 4 1 Sa———'2 Apply the Formula directly! Fel *a@-a Ox (Oo ‘Yr (d) None of these lat. @ Conclusion! & Aesthetic Study Notes | G8 My channel | [Class Level/Topic] a &8GREAT CONCEPT: & GREATEST INTEGER FUNCTION > 8 Key Identities for Revision 39 (DEfINILIORSIGIPFEMISES) © SERIES SUM IDENTITY. é +, For any real number x The Main Result ey For x € R, Let [x] denote Aa the greatest integer < x. n terms Common diff = + (Bf KEY PROPERTY! [x] is the FLOOR FUNCTION a @ Series of FLOOR functions. w how © Terms add fractions of 2 Understand the identity "toot function © wt @ The SUM is simply [nx] 33 2 Revision Series | Floor Function Tricks | Visual Learning ee Se eoeeeererereseerereoseers J ALA | dy osinxecosx SS © ia b iO) =) ee saree THQ 2 ear fay J SSID BEOSR fy = E (ash) “INTEGRATION: KEY FORMULAS 2@}% & RESULTS | ~ =P ne (b>) ° . ° . . ° ° . . . . [aH n= E- ROA f eooltsriss a letesé bea J eos xs BFsintx ~ 2a aaa ae oe Lan ChE SEG DESO DDS Chee eee ae DEFINITE INTEGRATION: INTEGRALS WITH TRIGONOMETRIC AY DENOMINATORS (a+bcosx, a+bsinx) 7: Th dx 2g fa f ‘a+bcosx a fey — dx bea - Vb-a | ‘a+bcosx ead Vora +Vb-a. [when 0 Fides fades [adie [Ade Example: fpsan(x=4) axe =1+2+34+2=8 x-1=0 x-420 (TYPEI22 (GIF of a quadratic) x= eC) x24 Exomple: [° 621d asiue Peta] Ble +a oT is Fionn f oat > Sfenacs [Panes = [Bean + fF sex a fe] [FT | = bate bal ( = 23-12) + 3(2-V3) - 22-13 afi 4) CALCULUS DIRECT RESULTS - DEFINITE INTEGRAL CRASH COURSE A > 7 Key Definite Integration Formulas — Me 1 log(tanx)dx = { log(cotx) dx =| sin’x 2 cos" * I a t log(ota) x = [0] eae xrcOey “Laie me @ ee “2 oh anh deel dx. : 1+tan"x a os ‘0 ‘0 of" aracanx “2 bal) (0 [esoonnen [fia] et sat 6) fea (sinx) dx = {iogcosx o«-Fay] fA _ Mp 1, aie Ha gcae (0) J ieg(secx ex = {on (cosecx) ax = [Fog] wf" sateen = | a de =f rr PREPS & COMBINATIONS Points ona Plane, Collinear vs. Non- collinear + If there are n points on a plane out of which A special cose L n mare collinear: (Triangle sides) No of A= mC, Pea=re] A fo No of Quadrilateral =["Cq-™C3-""™C, - Cy m * Points on sides: No of A so formed TOPIC 2: NUMBERS WITH NO REPETITION = [Fm#nc, -"c,—"C, -"C5| ___ ¢ Sum of all n-digit numbers formed without ¥ ¥en fOPIC 3: FACTORIAL IDENTITIES (Sum of digits) - 1)! x (1111... ton tit o (Sum of digits) = (n - 1)! «(1 n times) Yrert= (+ ni-1! @ = full 7 >>> (Example: for {1, 2, 3}, sum of digits is 1+ 2+3 = 6, . with (3 -1)!=2!=2, and 111, result is 6x 2 111) ? — 68 PROBABILITY CONCEPTS - EXAM REVISION SHEET [ Aesthetic Notes by [StudyNook] [ * PENDENT EVE y i An unbiased coin is tossed n times. We define: * Given: event X happens with Probab. ce 2 and event Y happens with probab. ‘q’. £4 > “ ( ‘P’ = P(getting AT LEAST ONE tail) Further X and Y are independent land (BB= P(getting AT LEAST TWO tails) es az P(Exactly one event X or ¥ happens) Ook tote [ORMOREP@2ig | A\evectaronsnes: 2. y aa = ‘o Pat least one of events happens) - DIFF=P-q on SUM =P+q=2-"42 ee IX Atteeet Q 111: PROBABILITY REVISION oe Abe, PROBLEM STATEMENT (exactly as in ) ‘. 3 The probabilities that A, B and C become managmers are 3/10, 1/2 and 4/5 respectively. The probabilities that bonus scheme will be introduced if A, B and C become managers are 4/9, 2/9 and 1/3 ner tmanage are 's prepectively. 111. What is the probability that the bonus scheme will be introduced? (a) 17/45 (b) 19/45 (©) 23/45 (d) 26/45 culate individual probabilities of oO Step 2: Apply Total Probability (Add ‘em Up!) 4. (a) 17/45 ~ sts (b) 19/45 CF step 1: ‘Bonus’ given each ni 3 P(A) x P(Bonus|A) = Q Pe) x P(Bcnus|B) = 2 18 “45 a5 * 45 @. 14 65 5 12.) ©2245 c g P(C) x P(Bonus|C) = =x xi t =45* a5 *45 || 23] (@) 26/48 Ma —of\'y DICE PROBABILITY ¢ (Q117. Two fair dice are tossed, then what is the probability that Gy the sum of the numbers on the faces of the dice is dly greater 7? (©) 7/12 (d) 3/4 * To find number of ways to get a sum S where S > 7, use the formula: Ways = 13-S 1) Sum 8: 13-8 =5 2) Sum % 13-9242 Sum 10: 13 - 10 = 3< 3 4) Sum Ii 13 - N22 <4 Is 5 5.) Sum 12: 1B - 12 = 1 Probability P: = = — Total ways: S+4434+2+12157 yi 36" 12 AY TT (Oo If two random variables X and Y are connected by relation 2X-3Y _4 5X+4Y and X follows Binomial distribution with parameters n=10and p= 5, then what is the variance of Y? GIVEN INFO: = ® [n=10] and 4 SOLUTION If ® @ STEP 1: IDENTIFY CONSTANTS a=2, b=-3, c=5, d=4, kaa 9 STEP 2: CALCULATE RATIO (m=) = 22(4x5) _ 2-20 | 18. 4x4-(3) 1643 NOTE: m =~ is a simplifying substitution. But the problem is about Variance! = (28)x(8) 25 vartv) = (39) (§)=4 = 162x5 _ 810 361 361 KEY CONCEPT: LINEAR RELATION RATIO SHORTCUT if given relationship is (ZH FINAL ANSWER na SOLUTION (based on (IMAGE1) ak _|STEPTSCONCEPT:FIBONACCIRULE) STEP 2: APPLYING TO QUESTION s ed 4 oe for No of Consecutive Heads my A/c to que, d times. What is the coin tossed n = 4 times the probability that So, No of fav Outcome = Fibonacci no, at (n+2) position two heads ee Ps occur | ential (62) postion some Bo Fibonacci seq => 0,1, 1,2, 3, 5,8, 13, 21, .. a) 1 Ge Be GB GH/Gn\ 7 BH () 8 (rhe . se Total outcome = 2" = 24 = 16 (b) 3/8 ¢ Sie) ok So, No of fav Outcome = (c) 7/16 Fibonacci no, at (n+2) position (4+2) position 24 @) 122 > (6 pectin =( 8 | . a log o°8 [test yemenscloss= aE “TRIGONOMETRY: KEY FORMULAS & IDENTITIES» @ Simao IDENTITIES s C-D FORMULAS COMPLEMENTARY ,, PRODUCT-SUM TRANSFORMATIONS 7 + & AVERAGES 8 RELATIONS be RELATIONS & *Means and Squares Relation || *Sum over Average Identity | *Complementary Sums *Product Series Sums ® acosO +b sind =m mange | vstrtune esas asin -bcos8=n @ stmsinfosin (8B ae © sino sin(60-6) sin o0+ 0) = $898 ‘ ) cosa. + cosB+ cosy 3 Sarees " aes stan(@26*) | cotacotB=1 ees ence eaaa EEG *Reciprocal & Half-Angle Means stand=p — sing B=) | #04 (a) secd+ tn =p — snd =F saps lt coe Gian Oe) cased +ct0=p~ cod = B+ © sinC+ sind =tan(%40) “Specific m-n Relation cosC + cosD (1+tanA)(1+ tanB) = 2 ‘Cheek! ec case =m 1 tard tan(60-6) tan(60 +)= tan30 9% *()sex8-tanB=p —sind= FE *) exo cat p-codd= fF TRIGONOMETRY FORMULA CHEAT SHEET®," OANA th Reciprocal Means Angle Reduction A+B Context | ze ea Aen cocO=M y= it Formula ce =t sin@ - cos® =n te tan-cot Relation "Sy = oC @ tana = mii’ imi /@ an @ ta Asind= Joul-$ @ mera, a Athen AtB=45 Special 36-72 ee @ 120088 1208 scat? @ tan(as+e)+tan(as-0)= <2, cst @ ot @-tand = 7 cos0 Specific Angle ~ LE "Transformation 9 90 @ 0836 - c0s72=¥ “8 ; £050. tan? ® 145in20 = (cosoesino)? =.cos0+sind . @ tanO+iutO @ c0s36 ens72= ue i) (454) 0080 - sind wtO—tan® —2Vab © (i) acostx+bsec?x = ab © (iii) atan?x+beox => 2ab ° ‘YeNote: This can be proved by using concept of AM 2 GM. ‘An increasing product series. Let S be an increasing product seriect series of cos such that $= cos a- cos 201 -cos 27a... cos(2"-!a) sinde oy GF ae -l, a=(2n+1)n |n4. * TRIGONOMETRIC SOLUTIONS: ~ Solutions across Intervals © SOLUTIONS FOR (sin@ + cos®)? = k Interval | Value of | Solutions ao ¢. kis what it means _|No. of solutions Rene’ | 20 Range (©) Solutions in2n 2 -1<@ , | o<@¢an| oto4n | ams, 7m [2] k=0 Touches x-axis 5» 2 “ae & Rnussstiahake oe. 31/4, 7/4, o before finding solutions!'> | f o” SUM OF ALL COEFFICIENTS TRICK 7 For Binomial and Multinomial Expansions THE TRICK: (T-1) a \W@ (x + by)” => Sum of all coefficients = (a + b)” K += Gi) (ax + by + cz)” => Sum of all coefficients = (@ + b + ¢)” = ILLUSTRATION 4 OTine-tvng A What is the sum of the coefficients of all the terms in the expansion of (45x - 49)*? (@) -256 (®) -100 (© 100 5 $9 SHORT-CUT SOLUTION OTime-saving~ USING T-I USING T-1G) 8 Here, a = 4S, b = -49 and n = > SRAM Ans. (d) ae ~~ “3 3) Goes Revision sheet £9: = Total Number of Terms of : 4, 4 e 7, @® Sum Form mp eapemalon: (x+a)"+(x-a)* 4 - =) Total number of terms = % Q- » = +4 "af Expression: (x+a)"=(x-a)" - =) Total number of terms = , Q Key Idea: Q Key (dea: ‘Only odd power terms survive after subtraction | © Only even power terms remain * Even terms cancel out “2 J © Odd terms cancel out S& = > => Memory Hack (Exam Ready £5) i, “& Quick Visual Trick [ — Minus (-)-+ Oddtems=2 > | (x+ a)" —> (x-a)"—~ 2 C Exped both using Blroreial Theorem + Plus (+) —> Even terms =Br2e1 @ Add => Even terms stay —> 2 $+ ae =i : © © Subtract = Odd terms stay —> 2 ~ | & Important Note ), eee shes: A. eS) These shortcuts work —* sii cata | Vesti one lace | “Sige in sum /stay in revision before exams: in exams © far MATH TRICK: INTEGRAL TERMS Fes? f & or Finding Number of Integral Terms ae ‘A short-cut for the expansion (ale + bvyr, g: @ & where ‘a’ and ‘b! are prime numbers. a’ Dp n SA ae PACE ace e fociome [rem al* when ‘n ipeintith by ‘p’ or ‘q/ [tere al when ‘n’ is not divisible by ‘p’ or ‘q’. _) Ww Note: [ *] is the Greatest Integer Function. I ILLUSTRATION 5 |x’, ) Find the number of integral terms in (3? + 58), @ pf © Step 1: Identify Key Variables Q, © Step 3: Calculate! fi A a =3,b=5,p=2,q=8,n=256 LCM(2, 8) = 8 56 © Step 2: Check Divisibilty @ So, Integral terms = [zener] * 1 G So ‘256! is divisible by both ‘2° and ‘8’. & ara 3 = [288] +1 =32+1=33 @ Short Trick to Find Term Independent of ‘x’ Consider the term (ax? +R Rey | bet 7 | where, ‘R’ can be anything | (constant, etc.) | roe > Tal ZG Shortcut Solution: °, — Using T-3 eae = 6x2-4 2H 2H a te | to Find Term °® 2} Independent of ‘x’ a (Uastration 7 Find the term independent of % of Pa ~@ (b) 4 term (d) 6 term | (a) 5‘ term (c) 3" term Ag Shortcut Solution: ~ | & Using T-3 Here, n= 6,=2 and q=1. => T4,; is the term independent of ‘x’ Ans: , QUICK TRICK: FINDING NUMBER OF TERMS Expansion of the form (a, + a, + a3 +... + a,)" THE THE SHORT-CUT RULE \~. SHORT-cuT SOLUTION & Short trick to find number of terms in n umber of | (a, +a) + 03+... +4,)" then, Number of terms = HDC Des ILLUSTRATION 9 ee ee eee wu The number of terms in the expansion = of (1 + 2x - 7y + z)® is: I Vy Acet i eae SS Ly score AG oan ‘J nae Num of terms = 84 PASTAS |. ) If the coefficients of Ty, Trs1, a2 terms in the expansion of (1+x)"are in A.P, then the value of ‘r’ is Aa Short-cut Solution: -*, « Using SC-1 Here, m=n mivm+2 >r Hence, m?-m(4r+1)+ 4r?-2=0 (Hence, m?-m(4r+1) +4r2-2=0. oe 32> @ “Illustration 11 If the coefficients of", (r + 1)" and (r+ 2)" terms in the binomial expansion of (1+y)” are in AP, then ‘m’ and ‘y? satisfy the equation: [AIEEE 2005] (a) m?-m(4r-1)+4P-2=0 a (b) m@-m(4r+1)=0 (c) m?-m(4r+1) + 4r?-2=0 (d) None of these L@, [Vi Short-cut Solution: Using SC-1 Here, m= n => r=mtiNm+2 = (m+2) ¥ Hence, n? -m(4r +1) + 4r?-2=0 pe Ans. (a) Coefficients are: oO Co, PCy, "Cp, ones The coefficient of the general term is °C,. A 7 Hence the _— coefficients are "C(,1/2 = MConesyj2 OR "C(naiy/2» both being equal. A F » RY We Greatest "C, depends on n being Even or Odd. D Hence, the greatest GOAL: Find the value of r for which | COefficient is "Cy/2 _», "C, has the GREATEST value. , The greatest coefficient in the expansion of (x +4y° is @ SL | (a) 20¢, (b) 20¢ Vo [1] Identify: n = 20, inet is Even! ~~ 4 OL2eoEN o [2] Apply Formula: r = =$24 20-10 ©) Cy | (Ad) C3 A [3] Result: Greatest Coatficiont is 209 4 SD ka ns: (b) h, MATHEMATICS TRICK: 3x3 MATRIXINVERSE (A) ©, 9 step tz Expand Columns) © © Step 3: Calculate Cross Products Result: The Inverse Fora f Neslet first row ©. Combine the cross products into the GD Finding inverse of [a b c matrixA=|¢ e f @ Adjovint matrix, then transpose. my X| bl] c}a}b * Fron top-left to ttm elaledrdal.e ‘ve positive sign). i 3 ee ~~ x, 4 From ott tpi é i ve negative sign). Copy 1°* & II column from A § f * yee i © Step 2: Expand Rows FLO NNN ab § Copy first row and second row = d | ef "|“a Me ~ below Step 1's grid. & ei-hf fg-id dh-eg @ ‘Neglect first column =| he-bi ai-cg bg-ah bf-ec ed-af ae-bd] ; important Note! © Time-savng tip: (amgging -> 27 Fost nethod) <>, We move down the pattern in Step 3, BUT we orrange the results from LEFT to RIGHT in the A~! matrix (this is because of the Transpose operation). (@ IMPORTANT CONCEPT BOX >) Substitution Trick (Smart Value Method) * Substitute simple values like: + @=0,b=1,c=2, * Saves time in exams OF -2a a+b atc bt+a -2b btcl= cta bte -2¢ «> Find the value of OL @ Qortions ——_——__ @1 (batbte (abe wa | If ala tbXb+c)(c+a) #0 | @=0,b=1,6=2 ? @ FINAL Equation ——___— STEP 2: SUBSTITUTE IN DETERMINANT _ es 24=6a 30-4 4 eal sc2 st 2 1G- 4-3-2) || @ FINAL ANSWERIZ—— 2 3 -4] +2(1-3-(-2)-2) rr el = 0410114 —» ‘© Always use substitution when: eal > encoun eee >: COMPARE RHS_ + RHS is factorized form (arb) (b+c)(c+a) = a(1)(3)(2) = 6a J © Asked to find constant (at, k, etc.) abe aoo Find Determinant |A] = = Find |Alif [-1 22 333 IfA=|0 de] OR A=|b d O mana 8 nS 0 0 fF. ce f. 007 Upper Triangular Matrix Lower Triangular Matrix The Short-cut Solution: ‘#e Step 1: Identify diagonal elements: | = Product of (Highlighted with a aoo jonal elements aun ier = = (ad. the matrix above), A bdo egy) => Step 2: Apply the product rule: ce f. |A| =-1*2*7=-14 $}__ Lower Triangular Matrix $#¥ Important Note! 3% Key Takeaway! a For ALL triangular matrices (Upper OR Lower), the determinant is just yy the product of the main diagonal elements, () Fast and simple method! A To Find A’; where A is 2x2 matrix and ‘v is a multiple of ‘2’ of type | | -I ion 1. —_____— ‘vx Trace (A) =Sum of the elements of diagonals. -7 ea=[2 10 als then A?°? is equal to: @: Short-cut solution : + trace (A)=0,|A] = 1 ore Mayhem ieties | | Hence A? = I= E 4] | 7® Short-cut solution: ow SSC«S v Using T-1 *: trace (A) = 0, |AI=1 > A? —tr(A) +IA 1 = A--O+L=O0 - CLASS 12" + NDA = a Derg 2 uta Nani, {GE Rank chahive” e eng Using T-4 --a=5 Step 1: Identify ‘a’] > a=5 Step 2: Plug into T-4 formula * 5+V¥29 & Quick Tips! ie GB can represent any complex ae number. ‘lal’ is the distance from the origin, 4 Greatest value is a + .., Least value is -a +... * (i) + Case 1: Positive Imaginary Part (+ib) a riot of 2+ 51s equal to YA C i= Va4ib = -{ fe, fe = (ea 7 G * (ii) + Case 2: Negative Imaginary Part (-ib) sf ERE fH + vy @ Remember: h He To find square root of at ib, ie ‘Pp: @ first find the number LBL @ then factorized this number in such a way that difference of | square of these factors is equal to real number ‘a’ : f Illustration Square root of 5+12i is equal to: B Short-cut solution: ~ Using Let J5+12i = Jatib b/2 Here, b=12 <—“25 S>= [5+12i = +(3+2i) To Evaluate Complex Expressions & Illustration) of theiForm: @® Evaluate: (1 +i) +(1- | 9" Giazp=Cayras0" : ‘ewhere, q and r are quotient and ar) remainder when ‘n’ is divided by 4. ° 12) + Short-cut\Solution: 2 2 2 ¢€ i Using [T-1) «. When|[I2]is divided by 4 * then q =3, r=0 & $ % % = Expression = (—4)3(1+ 0) + C4) (1 4"= a) > AY Remember this trick to save crucial time during exams! oO i Exam Tip! proctices this form to make it natural. ala 1#0 —> Choose any two roots Of this eauation and farther eRe the equation. -| Illustration = |-------- e If a,b,and c are distinct positive numbers, —abc is (a) Positive (c) Non-positive (d) Non-negative Using Let a=1,b=2andc=3 | aaa — “bs - (THEORY, AA. SOLUTION WALKTHROUGH ” If the roots of the equation Px*+Qx+R=0 Short-cut Solution: ke are real and equal AND P+ Q+R=0, Using T-2| 7 P+ Q@+R=0 then P=R Q, v= PE=R RA ON ? If the roots of the equation (20 - 3b)x? + v= 2a - 3b=3b-¢ (¢ - 2a)x + (3b - c) = 0 are equal, then: =[2a +c = 6b] of @2a-c=6b Bee mene W2avere veyeave=6b (Ans. (b)] S y N / _ SPECIALOFFER = DE ate.) ere

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