NASA.
IARrcless Communicafian Systems
Module t
Bincipal of alaelesg Comnunfcaton
NLoS
L08
NLO8
Schenaffe of airles propogathon enuionment
Conside) tnsmiled passband caicleg sonal s).
kich e transmiled 'acrogs uoirces 9 chaanel
Such a pasuband sianulR deeaibed _analiall
Where
s i the complex hageband representetion of
tyanaim tvÊnited gnal
guney emplayed fal a
transmiggTon
.NASn
Constdo a channel oih L multuth Componert
each pth of kJL cha nnel has bascially
Lchavasteîshesi
delage
dfotance ! the sfgnal because of propaqation.
9 There an aenua tfon of the ginal aisinq
becaus eof the s(aHeîng etlect
Let the signa alenuotfon and delag of fhe ?th
channel be denated by quanlies a?, T Yegpectiudy
Then the împulse reponte of an IT syakem.
qiren by
The aboue qiues he fmplue elponge o
sanal of Alrelees Communtatfon
Bat the yeciue) s 3um
siqnal Yeciued at yecîuinq
antenna
Therctore a typial hunnel Tnpulse Response of a
mulliputh -SaatteDnq based kfreless channc( e
the Sum of fmpluse yesponsa
t0
Consider LII syshem te recîused sf¡nal
yCt) Cun be cxprcgsed as the conuslutfoo
transmiHed oignal uoith the CTR
hC)
S.
The cxprcs8fon secfused Aoireless gan Communute
-on signdd yc) acros kappe d delag ine
chennel R Ra qiuen by
cxpressian fo the receficd sí¡ncd Can
The CoY?
be Hen in termg of the trangm? Hed bareband
= Re
By obseuíng eg oc condauds, thal syetem mod
cónsis o addtlfonal obote e-iutt pararmel
So the raceiue d baee band signgl consit of
muliply copis trantimtted sianal s,.Ch-ti)
Therakort toch pth signed copy afsing from
componente assocfated cofth 3 pdramuten
L The aHenuaton facto P
3 The puthfabat-entec?.
Phase delay
3
entt
doe
doe
Multiple signal Cornpond at natuel
alslas SA.
|Consideh a ineles sqnal aoith a anis Requtncq
lchannel hat resutt in L 4 mallipath componcats
at delaca of go4, S13, 319, DA3 OS and Conegpanding to
xeciue d'sígnal amplitade of , a6, 03, 0.2 Tespte ti
Dexîue ttheapx f8 reciued baeetan d signal
Giuem
ShCtr)
A3. 60S
-ien350x (05 XS1BXTU
=06x e
- [Link]
t223
-f2n soXTOSXQto
0,2Xe
= -0. (q tfao6.
ycl= ([Link]&D S6CDt (o sÍ -fo) Ct- S13x to J
+Co.13f.24)sy Ct -BOX IOD4Co.9-f0.06)
Systen Model fö aNaroaband Synal
Consice a Nazrounbnd Sanol R6C the d?erent
l delayed Componente Ct - ) a appro.
eoual to each ottus ie s6Ct -G)r6G
Such creless channel & relfered ar flat fading
Hence P a namoobond tranem?4 sigrl SHC the
S6 4D=he6 C+
apeir
Re temed a3 compex
channel Hence thc cutpat buscband
walt) îs related to the nput daseband
siggal sia dy complex con:atlenuafon fact
The sigual posa at the vecuca dependg on the
magnfude of atenuatfon facte aeie
Consfde too compon ente hauinqy Samc magntude
but there c outol
d t h each
oths le
o , and e-izr e eTfe i n thes cas e
he reciuesed siqncl yocD=o yesulting in o Cie
|db) yecue d eiqnal pou
Then the factot ae Re knous ar base band
co-efl fenf d fuding coctfreienf
3|o8|2o
Raylicgh fading eless channl
wher xy reoresent magiaay compo of he fading coettnd
cos sfn¢
cos
21 o
.¬
0.5
o.3
The astumptfon of Gha uesfarty lent auppart by the
Centrul Lint theorem, ohch in smple terms'stao
that anomazed randomn tarfabel conuag T0
a aoussfan Yondo aiable
The faind dstabudfn of xy s qin by the
standard mullRaviato Gaagsfan
The static of the foding cafRend wed ?n termg
of ts ampltu de and phare factd a
The pont dstbutfon fad Ca can be derfued from
a&.
Here oc uged the properHy zlty2=02 rh the aboue
expressfon The quantity fay Rr tome d the Ta takia,
of xy and fs quen by.
Jayacos Sind
|A[ingscon.
Nhere (AlL denotes the dertemincnt oR the motk 4
The matginal dfstbatfon fA, fo
NSn.
Ihc auerack pou
The ampltade factot af a lagleíg h facng random
uarfable und the phare facto as aifoym ly di titohed
Problen '
Defue the
denty functon of the chanan el
pout qaîn q=4 oherea b denfncd oLboe, ?e the
magnitadae of tae Ray leçh fadng channel
e hauc demostrated that the pOf of the magntude
oÅ the channel coefPfenent , cohen e facfe
qfuen bg the kayleiqh dtshoafion as.
faCu)= Qee azo
da
S
e) n the côteles g Raylelgh fodfng channel descîled
above consida atansnH pousa AG6)- 20d8
lalhat fe proba bity that tha pouooj at the, yeeue)
geuen
he trnSmi Hed pou Ps cKpressed ae P Ge)
The Lhca) trumsfte
Sinilarly the lnca recue poua corcsponding to
pt Eto1O
pta o
pt = 0
pte 1o!
NSA.
Also oótcrue thot qiuen fhe po) gang. the
gecued pouw ?e sinply Przgf
Consder Py z10
Pe 20
2.
Arom the aboue wc can conclude that yeoe
pous s qreat) than 10 fe
=Ô.6L
The nunbo
hCt)=
3cos/25From the aboue fmplute response oe can defne.
uwhere each &Ct- T2 cartspondkgs to delaying
4)=lapt&C
where cp s the determnot of a ondis
the
The potd qn TeCiured ater delay
To shile gua ot is geciuRed cftaa delay
L the lart path oa
coith a poua qain of (Gl-)
Dela spread
go la,2
9slaf)2
9r-taut2
C
C-2
Gain,
Lao
Delay
Co
ta, (2 C
la,l2
Laal
NSA.
max
>Maxin Oelaq Spread
Let the path fs niuing at delau, of Lo
and Last puth ariuing ak delag -l
Then the maxímunn delay sprcad isqiucn.
|Problem-
Contde anl>4mulfpath channel oith the delays Ta
L-L com sponding to the trst and lat arrinq poth
auen as Toz0u and Ieal 2Sus Such ae creleis
channd poun prolle is shouon schematlcally a
Saure i4 Nhat e the maimum delag spread
eomanm
Lsponding to his kaelese channl2
ristpath.
Aapth
C-2
Pouor Brole
=G-l-Co
Sus
RMS Oclay Spread a,
Cn nselest channd, the path chich oriue lat
c Lou in pouta dus to Largu propogtión
dístancee and ceaka daa reflecffon
Tht resaler Gn Larc vaul of maimum delay
Spread o
For thé pxpose
conside the RMI
as a reallste delay ol spreo. dof
fndfcaté
signal pouse)
maxímar dtlay spred
-orak puth
Co
lal" 04eLLg-l denotng the pouel gan
at each multipath componcnd b at the hea
ohere q? denatee the total pouus Cos Spors ding ta
Hhe Pthouth, oh?le go tft9L9
denoter tofal pot)
The delay T Cun be Computed
NSA.
RHS delay spraad can be compted ae the
Sandard derfatfon of fhe po) distrbutfon
uhfch Ro defend ae
6fCT
2iCg-T
Et2o lagCr-2.
2n reles9 Systems.
The Doppioa frequtncy shilt associat ed uith an elactromgank
oaue Rs defned d the pesceîue d change ?n the
frequency of the DQue dae ts relale mation lw
the tranmi He otnd reciuel
The pecciued frequtnty îs Kks) than the ture
rcqutncy tansnikk
Yeciua'and Looc othroi: e.
mouîag boarde the
NASA.
Shematic of dpplo fading dus to
usO mability
Oopdo shik Computation.
Base stotedion.
|Coneîde the scenomo shouon în f cohae hao b?le
gtatfon Ra mouing oith ueloits u al angle 9.
oith Lincfoining the mdbile andl bage etalfoh
Let the cario' hequency be k. Ths Dopgb skitl
Ro this scenoiois giuen by
cohee c=3x (o'me. ie uelocity of Lfyht
poppb shit încrease coith feloctky u also fd
depends upon angle b/ew directfon of moffon
cnd Linc foinig triesi trangit and
Ye ciues
NASA
The doppkb shilt ie maximun tahen G 0
HoLoeuel nhen O 2 the mation t perpendfelal to
He rccued diectton he doprde shid 0
So the dopp Shilf said to be posfîue ?P the
The doppka shit it neqptue cndporciued
Rroblem
Consîdera uechiele s moufag at 60 miles pa haua at
angle of e=30oith tHe Liae foining the base
of xlciued
stalfon Comput the dopgoa sliA KaEPDt8SO
si¡nal et carrío rcquency f MHZ.
Gomph =60X l.6L [Link].
= 60X l:6l X_S
E96 Bmlg
d = 6.8 x cog (3o 9so x\0
= l43H2
bcse
Since the mobile uger is moaing tocoarda the
statianThe Dopao shit ia postiue e the
Prequthcy f e higls compared to the
pe reciue d
= 1850 HH2 t l43A2
Depe npac
conide tie îmguse yespones of th compontad of
Let fhe echical be mouing with uelo city V ct
an angleO atth Nespect 8 int foing the
mob?l ad bage sBion sSnce stalfon
mobile staionae
th channel also
the delar of the
of the n(tCa
channel delay
The initial p%pogafiondelay is qiucn by
AHes aSmall intenual of me t the dictance
decrease 6 utcos9
Hance delac o th component affe time t
d Ut_ C0s9
C
Since kökT Rat fadiag channel îs
0
NSA.
4he mo bî l4s crf cuges in kolc leads to a dople,.
shi!! cohîch iaterm resull in fime Eain
Larsing )reles3 channel Pe terme datinle
eelectife channel &o the ime aninq
nataxe ot oeleeg chann el R term ed ch
Lin selectity and time vaving wivelegg channel
termeda ne ensitue channl
A LaRcelesS channel con be both time and frequentur
selectfue such klhannel cs teme d cd doly
a selectue torelug chanael
Coheence Tine of the Oirales8 Channel
SRlca to the notion of a oherenc e 6and aid th
descibe dGn the section aboue fo a frequency
eele ctiue channel 0e nao define the concpe! of
a coherence time interal o P a fime vayaq
daanne
Tie valau of this Rth compontnd conesponding
to t-o T/2 canbe obtane d
t=lobetfoa
4fa
he dhannel changss sígnifiatly from tine fo to
te Vatd the phhse changer by_ T2 This time
duvatfon fn cohfch then chahnl changee
sfgnifaty de to mobi ity of uso co-here nl
Miian Minmum coherent time un de obtained
on the angle by of mofon 8
max
The coheyent tine T e appox duvatfan ol
Line fwhih he coielesechann el, to
be contand
&Bd.
Bd Rfd > doppleh
spread