SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE
MANAGEMENT (BNA 31003)
CHAPTER 5: GENERATION RATES,
STORAGE, AND COLLECTION OF
WASTE
ASSOC. PROF. DR. MIMI SULIZA MUHAMAD
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TOPICS OVERVIEW
5.1 Overview of Solid Waste Management Process
5.2 Generation
5.2.1 Generation and Collection Rate
5.2.2 Factors Affecting Solid Waste Generation
5.3 Collection
5.3.1 Types of Collection Methods
5.3.2 Analysis of Collection Systems
5.3.3 Analysis of Collection Routes
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Overview of the process of solid waste
management
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Example 1
• A town of 2,000 homes in Johor Bahru generates
0.95 kg/person.d of municipal solid waste. Another
town of the same size in Kuala Lumpur generates
1.9kg/[Link]?
• Assume: 1 home have 10 residents
• Questions
• How much MSW is generated in each town per
day?
• How much MSW is generated in each town per
week?
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• Solution
• How much MSW is generated in each town per day
• Johor Bahru
• 2,000 x 10 person x 0.95 kg/person.d = 19,000 kg/day
•
• Kuala Lumpur
• How much MSW is generated in each town per week
•
• Johor Bahru
• Kuala Lumpur
•
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• Solution
• How much MSW is generated in each town per day
• Johor Bahru
• 2,000 x 10 person x 0.95 kg/person.d = 19,000 kg/day
•
• Kuala Lumpur
• 2,000 x 10 person x 1.9 kg/person.d = 38,000 kg/day
• How much MSW is generated in each town per week
•
• Johor Bahru
• 2,000 x 10 person x 0.95 kg/person.d = 19,000 kg/day x 7d/week
• = 133,000kg/week
• Kuala Lumpur
• 2,000 x 10 person x 1.9 kg/person.d = 38,000 kg/day x 7d/week
• = 266,000kg/week
•
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Factors that affect waste
generation rates
• Sources reduction
• Waste reduction may occur through the design, manufacturer,
and packaging of products with minimum toxic content,
minimum vol. of material, and longer useful life.
• Waste reduction may occur at the household, commercial or
industrial facility through selective buying patterns and the
reuse of products and materials.
• Some other ways in which reduction can be achieved by
followed:
• Decrease unnecessary or excessive packaging
• Develop & use products with greater durability & repairability
• Use fewer resources
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• Recycling activities
• The existence of recycling programs within a community definitely
affects the quantities of wastes collected for further processing.
• Public attitudes
• Reduction of SW occur when & if people are willing to change of
their own volition – their habits & lifestyles to conserve natural
resources & to reduce economic burdens associated with the
management of SW.
• A program of continuing education is essential in bringing about a
change in public attitudes
• Legislation
• The most important factor affecting the generation of certain
types of wastes is the existence of local, state & federal regulations
concerning the use of specific material.
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• Geographic location
• The influence of the geographic location the different climates can
influence both amount of certain types of SW generated & the time
period over which the wastes are generated.
• Season of the year
• The seasonal variations affect the waste generation due to the
different human activities. In summer, the working hours are long
resulting in higher waste output. In Malaysia, for example during
local fruit season, a lot of SW will be generated. The same will be
expected during harvesting & festivities.
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Example 1
• Layout collection routes for the residential area is shown in Figure 1.
Assume the following data is applicable.
• Assume:
• Occupants per house= 5
• Solid waste generation rate = 1.5 kg/person.d
• Compacted density of solid waste in collection vehicle= 325kg/m3
• Collection vehicle capacity = 20/m3
• Route constraints
• No U-turns in streets
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• Questions
• Determination of the total number of residences/house
from which wastes are to be collected.
• Determination of the compacted volume of solid waste to
be collected per week.
• Determination of the number of trips per week
• Determination of the average number of residences from
which wastes are to be collected each day.
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Solution
Determination of the total number of residences from which wastes are to be collected.
Residences = 20(18) + 6 (42) + 2(26)
= 360 + 252 + 52
= 664
Determination of the compacted volume of solid waste to be collected per week.
= 664 residences x 5 persons/residence x 1.5kg/person.d x 7d/week
325 kg/m3
= 108 m3/week
Determination of the number of trips per week
Trip/week = 108 m3/week
20 m3/trip
= 5.4~6
Determination of the average number of residence from which wastes are to be collected each
day.
Residences/trip = 664
6
= 110.67 ~ 111 42
THE END
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