Task (1) - Robot Floor Cleaner
The software complexity of Dexter
The Waterfall methodology is a linear, sequential project management approach were progress
flows downwards, like a waterfall. The main purpose include design, and maintenance. Each
phrase must be fully complete before the next one begins, and changes are difficult because the
process does not normally return to previous stages. This approach is beneficial when
requirements are stable and the project has a clear structure, details and easy progress
tracking.
Also, the development of Dexter included complex software, AI sensors, and users’
environments. In the modern stage, the agile methodology is often more suitable. Agile uses
flexible cycles, responding user feedback, and change quickly. Instead of one long development
process, agile breaks the project into smaller deliver called sprints, allowing the team to test
Dexter’s behavior, collect feedback, adjust the machine-learning model, and refine navigation
algorithms quickly.
Three Important Practice of Quality Assurance
Unit Testing
Unit Testing find issues in small code units in right way, and also strategic practice that builds
quality and confidence. For Dexter, unit testing would help identify errors early before the
system is combined, reducing development cost and ensuring the robot behaves reliably in
different homes.
Walkthroughs
A Walk through is an informal team-based review where developers explain their design or code
to colleagues. For Dexter, walkthroughs allow early identification of logical flaws, sensor
integration issues, or AI decision-making problems. Team discussion also encourages
knowledge sharing and improves code consistency.
Inspections
Inspections are more formal reviews, often led by a moderator, focused on detecting defects in
documentation or code. For a safety-critical robot cleaner, inspections help CleanSweep ensure
that software complies with standards, follows coding guidelines, and avoids faults that could
cause navigation errors or hardware damage.
b) Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing in Dexter
Dexter uses sensors and cameras to map the home. Instead of processing the data using
Dexter’s internal processor, developers use cloud computing. This is likely because machine-
learning require significant high-speed data processing, and the ability to update AI models
across thousands of devices. Dexter’s small battery-powered hardware would not be powerful
enough to run complex natural network analysis onboard.
Three Advantages of Cloud Computing
Scalability
Clean Sweep can scale up computing resources as needed, especially when many Dexter units
upload mapping data simultaneously. This keeps the system fast and efficient without needing
powerful hardware inside the robot.
Cost Efficiency
Cloud services allow Clean Sweep to avoid purchasing and maintaining expensive physical
servers. They pay only for the computing resources used, making large-scale global processing
financially sustainable.
Reliability and Redundancy
Reliability is a system's ability to perform its intended function consistently over time, minimizing
downtime and errors. And Redundancy is having backup systems or extra components like data
copies, servers, ready to take over if primary ones fail. So, these help to improved performance
and enhanced security.
Three Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
Security and Privacy
Cloud Computing security and privacy disadvantages include limited visibility and control over
data and also increased data breach risks from third-party reliance in data breaches, storing
data on remote servers increases exposure to cyberattacks and unauthorized access. If poorly
managed, cyber-attacks or data breaches could expose users' floor layouts or daily cleaning
schedules.
Connectivity Issues
Dexter depends on Wi-Fi or internet access to send data to the cloud. In homes with weak
connectivity, the robot’s mapping and AI behavior may become limited or slow.
Dependency
Cloud computing is reliance on internet connectivity, vendor lock-in and loss of direct control
over infrastructure and also un expected costs from data transfers. So, no access during
outages because a stable internet connection is crucial so, you lose access to your data apps
and also services. and damage in performance because it more slow and poor connectivity in
certain areas leads to lag.
c) Global E-Commerce Challenges and Legal/Compliance Considerations
CleanSweep aims to sell Dexter worldwide, refers to specific functionalities within shipping and
order management software.
Three Challenges in Global E-Commerce
Cultural Differences
Cultural differences profoundly impact global e-commerce, affecting website design like style or
color, communication like language, and purchasing habits like payment methods. In design
that's color different in different area for example blue as bad luck in East Asia but purity in West
like that. In language there have many languages in many country. In payment, different regions
prefer specific methods like digital wallets
Logistical Challenges
Logistical Challenges are like managing high customer expectations fast delivery, free delivery,
delivery, tracking, shipping robot cleaners globally requires managing customs, warehousing,
international returns, delivery times, and supply chain reliability.
Payment Infrastructure
Customers around the world use different payment methods. Clean Sweep must support
international payment gateways, digital wallets, currency conversions, and secure transactions
to meet customer expectations.
Three Legal and Compliance Considerations
Data Privacy Regulations
Global e-commerce data privacy involves GDPR, CCPA, [Link] focusing on transparency. In
EU's GDPR it’s a sets standard for data processing and data subjects’ rights like access. For
California's CCPA its consumers rights to know, delete and also sharing of personal data. And
there has many other laws like Brazil's LGPD, South Africa's POPIA, India’s DPDPA etc....
Consumer Protection Laws
Countries have different rules regarding refunds, warranties, and product claims. In
Transparency product info accurate descriptions, quality, ingredients, prices, taxes and
warranty.
Cybersecurity Requirements
Because cloud-connected devices are vulnerable to hacking, Clean Sweep must implement
encryption, secure firmware updates, and penetration testing. Many countries require smart
devices to meet specific cybersecurity guidelines before being sold.
d) Using social media for Global Advertising
Social media is essential for global marketing, so some of the businesses use social media for
global advertising because it can share globally in seconds. So, nowadays using social media
for global advertising for a company like for a product named Clean Sweep because its offers
cost-effective and also Clean Sweep connect with diverse global audiences.
Three Types of Social Media Platforms
Social Networking Platforms – e.g., Facebook
These platforms help CleanSweep create brand pages, join interest groups, and run targeted
ads for households, parents, or busy professionals.
Microblogging Platforms – e.g., Twitter (X)
Twitter known for short, news, real time update and discussions. its launched by meta. In Clean
Sweep methods users can make their Twitter feed more effective for sharing concise.
Video-Sharing Platforms – e.g., YouTube
Dexter helps that by providing a diverse range of mainstream content that viewership and its
contributes to the platform overall entertainment videos and others videos. So, videos contents
are highly persuasive for tech products.
Three Social Media Trends and How Clean Sweep Can Use Them
Influencer Marketing
CleanSweep can brands partner with lifestyle influencers and creators to promote the products,
tech reviewers, or home-organization content creators to demonstrate how Dexter’s cleaning
simplify. Influencers help build trust and reach international audiences quickly.
Social Commerce
Platforms like Facebook and Instagram allow customers to purchase directly through in-app
shops. CleanSweep can use this to simplify buying Dexter, reducing friction and improving
conversion rates.
Ephemeral Content (Stories / Reels / Short Clips)
Post short striking reels or stories showing dramatic cleaning results. Short temporary content
can show behind-the-scenes development or quick cleaning demos. These formats appeal to
youn
ger audiences and encourage high engagement.
Characteristics of Social Media Trends Affecting Marketing
Demographic Shifts
There are many different social media users in different age from different regions. But, some of
the adults’ users from developing countries are become more active. That's why the type of
content shared online more than more.
Platform Features
Social media platforms add new features include short videos and live streaming etc. These
features are designed to increase user engagement. and also shape how content is created and
shared.
Content Consumption Patterns
Social media users increasingly prefer short, Clean Sweep should produce short demo videos,
clear product explanations, and most of the user attention on social media are shorter.
Role of Algorithms and AI in social media
Nowadays there are many social media users use Algorithms and Artificial intelligence (AI). And
also, they are ranking and recommending content that appears on social media users' feeds. By
analyzing some of the user’s behavior include likes, comments, shares and they spent many
times to viewing posts and some are posting post .AI systems also personally content to
individual interests. This personalization helps to improve user and increase user engagement
and keeps users to active on the social media platform for longer times. AI is also generally
used in content moderation. That's also helps catch and remove harmful virus and harmful post,
content such as spam, illegal things, hate content etc... In inclusion algorithms support target to
advertising by analyzing users’ data to show ads and that are more relevant to users’
audiences, and also that benefit for both of business and social media platform. Although the
use of algorithms and artificial intelligence also raises cover. Overall, algorithms and artificial
intelligence transformed social media by improving personalization also check and catch
harmful post and content and social challenges that platforms must carefully manage.
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Task 2-Global Security
(a)Types of Security and Recommended Measures
The organization handles over 200 staff peoples for making it a high-value target for both
physical. To reduce risk, a layered security approach should be adopted, covering online safety,
physical security, and social awareness.
1. Online Safety (Cyber Security)
Online safety refers to protecting digital systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access,
cyber-attacks, and data breaches.
Measure 1: Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
Multi-Factor Authentication should be implemented on all systems, including laptops used for
remote work. This requires staff and employees to verify their specifications using more than
one method like password + one-time code etc.. .
Justification: When login credentials are stolen through phishing attackers cannot be access
system without the verification, so importantly reduce unauthorized access.
Measure 2: Full Disk Encryption on laptops
All of the staff or employees need full disk encryption. so, all of the employees' laptops should
use full disk encryption.
Justification: When laptops are transferable and used remotely, they got a higher risk of being
lost data and stolen data. So, that encryption make sure that private data remain unreadable to
unauthorized users.
Measures 3: Regular Software Updates and Patch Management
Operating systems and applications need to be automatically updated.
Justifications: Many cyber-attacks take advantage known software weakness. Regular updates
automatically fixed these flaws and reduce the risk of malware and some attacks.
2. Physical Security
Physical security focused on protecting people and property like safeguards employees, clients
and physical assets from virus or harm. and also protecting people from unauthorized physical
access.
Measures 1: Electronic Key Card Access Control
It's can read Keys Cards, fingerprints which also be retained and strengthened.
Justification: Key cards are allowed access to be restricted when a card or a fingerprint is lost
an employee or a staff leaves.
Measures 2: CCTV Monitoring without facial recognition
Camera should scanner in or entrance, exits and careful areas.
Justification: Stop internal threats and unauthorized personnel from access sensitive data or
systems.
3. Social Awareness (Human Security)
Social awareness of human security includes the ability to consider emotions and needs of
diverse individuals and groups to build inclusive and peaceful communities an environment. and
also addresses risks because of human behavior, such as error.
Measures 1: Cyber Security Awareness Training
Training regularly should be get ready on phishing and social engineering.
Justification: Employees are often weakest security link and also awareness reduces the
chance of successful attacks.
Measures 2: Clear Security Policies and Procedures
Written policies should define acceptable use of devices, data handling, and remote working
rules.
Justification: Reduces accidental breaches and improves accountability.
Measures 3: Reporting Culture for Security Incidents
Employees must be encouraged to report suspicious person or activity without of punishment.
Justification: Early reporting helps to prevent threats before major damage occurs.
(b)Ethical Issues of Ai and Privacy concerns
The proposed use of facial recognition technology is raises serious ethics concerns due to
reliance on artificial intelligence.
Ethical Issues 1: Algorithmic Bias
In facial recognition system it have been shown to perform less accurately on certain
demographic group like ethnic minorities and women. In discrimination and injustice, the
algorithms can perpetuate and exacerbate exist social discrimination based on race, gender and
other protected characteristics.
Impact: This may lead to discrimination and unfair target of individuals and human right.
Ethical Issue2: Autonomous Decision Making
Ai systems may automatically flag individuals as suspicious without human opinions and ethical
include perpetuating inequality, lack of transparency like black box etc....
Impact: Decisions of affection to people's freedom and could be made without transparency.
Privacy Infringement
The cameras would record members of the public continuously without agreement, creating a
database of individuals who have carry out with no crime.
This infringes the right to privacy, as people are being monitoring, analyzed, and stored without
human's opinion or knowledge or justification, potentially breaching data protection laws such as
GDPR or General Data Protection Regulation.
(c)Cyber Attack Vulnerability and Impact on Society
Nowadays, some of the organization holding governmental and top-secret data face a never
before of threats. The vulnerability is also included in organization stem from its status like a
high value target for experienced adversaries who seek to destabilization of nation security or
gain strategy geopolitical advantage.
So, why the organization is vulnerable that simple the organization is vulnerable primary due to
the extreme sensitivity value of its data, which also attract competently threat actors.
Reasons for Vulnerability
[Link] to higher values
Attractive to Governments data and advanced persistent threat to seeking long-term access.
[Link] Workforce
Over of 200 employees may be increasing attack surface through with human errors.
[Link] Working
Remote access to increases subjection to unsecured devices and data or network.
Types of cyber warfare that could be use
There are many types of cyber ware and good impact to use phishing, social engineering,
malware, distribute denial services, etc...
[Link] and Social Engineering
Attackers may mimic trust authorized to move employees into revealing credentials.
Impact: Can lead to unauthorized access and data steal.
[Link] and Ransomware Attacks
Ransomware is a specific severe type of Malware and that lock a victim's data and request
payment like a ransom for it return.
Impact: Disturb operation and threat national security.
[Link] Denial of Service Attacks
Attackers over flow systems with traffic to make them unavailable.
Impact: Prevents access to critical service and damage public trust.
[Link] Threats
Disgruntled employees may intentionally leak data.
Impact: Insider attacks are more difficult to check and highly damage.
Digital Technology and Negative Impact on Society
Digital technology is a very important part of our modern society. People use digital systems for
every day for communication or online shopping or banking or studying or learning or healthcare
or education and government services etc.... These technologies make our life faster and more
convenient. Although if digital systems are not properly design to protect and defend to against
cyber-attacks, and also they can because of serious problems and for individuals and society.
For poor security it can lead to data lost, services disruption and a loss of trust in technology.
One of the major negative impacts of insecure digital technology is data theft. Many
organizations store their personal and confidential information or data like organizer and
customer names, addresses, medical reports and financial details in digital systems. When their
systems with poor protection, hackers can break in and they can steal this their data. This can
impact to identity theft, financial loss, and emotional stress will cover for individuals. So, when
the people hear about frequent data, they may become more afraid to use social media and
online service like agent and online shopping. These also reduce the trust of people in digital
technology and slows digital technology processing in our society.
Another negative serious issue is the disruption of important services. Cyber-attacks like
ransomware can shut down like hospitals, transport systems, bank or government websites. In
example, if the hospital's computer system is when attacked, doctors may not able to be access
sick person records, which can also delay treatment and put lives at risk. These attacks can
impact to organizations to costs large amounts of money and can also damage their reputation.
So, this shows that insecure digital technology can directly to harm society also just not only
business. To reduce these risks, digital technology must be design with stronger security from
the starting. That mean using secure software, stronger authentication, regular system auto
update and protection from malware or hackers. And also designing systems with security is in
mind helps to reduce weakness that attackers can make the most of. Although only technical
solutions are not enough to protect society.
Law and Government policy play an important role in improving digital technology security. Data
protection and cybersecurity laws requirements organization to store or keep user information
safe and follow security rules. So, when the organization fail to do that, these may pay fines.
These laws encourage organizations to take security seriously and investment in safer digital
systems. These Policies also set clear rules on how data will be collected, store, keep and
shared which also help to protect users from misuse of their personal information.
Ethics is also important in making digital technology better for society. And organization and
system designers have a moral responsibility protect to users and avoid from harm and threat.
Ignore security is to save money or finish work is faster is unethical because it put users at risk.
And Ethical design is focuses on users and customer safety and privacy. Ideas likes security
and privacy by design ensure that protection is also built-in systems from the start.
And Ethical Behavior helps to builds trust between users and organizations. When people
believe their data are safe and they are more ready to use digital services. In the conclusion, the
combining of strong laws, clear policies and ethical design helps make digital technology safer
and more beneficial for society.
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