3.
Problem Statement
Agriculture is one of the largest consumers of freshwater resources worldwide, using approximately
70% of the global freshwater supply. Efficient water management is therefore essential for
sustainable agriculture and food production. However, many farming systems still rely on traditional
irrigation methods that supply water at fixed times without considering the actual moisture level of
the soil. These irrigation practices are often inefficient and can lead to water wastage, increased
energy consumption, and reduced crop productivity. Overwatering may damage plant roots and
reduce oxygen in the soil, while underwatering can cause water stress in plants and limit their
growth. In addition, factors such as climate change, population growth, and increasing food demand
are placing greater pressure on available water resources. As a result, farmers need more
advanced irrigation methods that can manage water more effectively. Smart irrigation systems that
use soil moisture sensors, environmental monitoring, and automated control systems may provide a
solution to this problem. By monitoring soil conditions and supplying water only when necessary,
these systems have the potential to reduce water consumption while maintaining healthy plant
growth.