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Python - Features
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Python is a feature-rich, high-level, interpreted, interactive, and object-oriented scripting
language. Python is a versatile and very popular programming language due to its
features such as readability, simplicity, extensive libraries, and many more. In this
tutorial, we will learn about the various features of Python that make it a powerful and
versatile programming language.
Python's most important features are as follows:
Easy to Learn
Dynamically Typed
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Interpreter Based -
Interactive
Multi-paradigm
Standard Library
Open Source and Cross Platform
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GUI Applications
Database Connectivity
Extensible
Active Developer Community
Easy to Learn
This is one of the most important reasons for the popularity of Python. Python has a
limited set of keywords. Its features such as simple syntax, usage of indentation to avoid
clutter of curly brackets and dynamic typing that doesn't necessitate prior declaration of
variable help a beginner to learn Python quickly and easily.
Dynamically Typed
Python is a dynamically typed programming language. In Python, you don't need to
specify the variable time at the time of the variable declaration. The types are specified
at the runtime based on the assigned value due to its dynamically typed feature.
Interpreter Based Advertisement
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Instructions in any programming languages must be translated into machine code for the
processor to execute them. Programming languages are either compiler based or
interpreter based.
In case of a compiler, a machine language version of the entire source program is
generated. The conversion fails even if there is a single erroneous statement. Hence, the
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development process is tedious for the beginners. The C family languages (including C,
C++, Java, C# etc) are compiler based.
Python is an interpreter based language. The interpreter takes one instruction from the
source code at a time, translates it into machine code and executes it. Instructions
before the first occurrence of error are executed. With this feature, it is easier to debug
the program and thus proves useful for the beginner level programmer to gain
confidence gradually. Python therefore is a beginner-friendly language.
Interactive
Standard Python distribution comes with an interactive shell that works on the principle
of REPL (Read Evaluate Print Loop). The shell presents a Python prompt >>>. You can
type any valid Python expression and press Enter. Python interpreter immediately returns
the response and the prompt comes back to read the next expression.
>>> 2*3+1
7
>>> print ("Hello World")
Hello World
The interactive mode is especially useful to get familiar with a library and test out its
functionality. You can try out small code snippets in interactive mode before writing a
program.
Multi-paradigm
Python is a completely object-oriented language. Everything in a Python program is an
object. However, Python conveniently encapsulates its object orientation to be used as an
imperative or procedural language such as C. Python also provides certain functionality
that resembles functional programming. Moreover, certain third-party tools have been
developed to support other programming paradigms such as aspect-oriented and logic
programming.
Standard Library
Even though it has a very few keywords (only Thirty Five), Python software is distributed
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with a standard library made of large number of modules and packages.
- Thus Python has
out of box support for programming needs such as serialization, data compression,
internet data handling, and many more. Python is known for its batteries included
approach.
Some of the Python's popular modules are:
NumPy
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Pandas
Matplotlib
Tkinter
Math
Open Source and Cross Platform
Python's standard distribution can be downloaded from
[Link] without any restrictions. You can download pre-
compiled binaries for various operating system platforms. In addition, the source code is
also freely available, which is why it comes under open source category.
Python software (along with the documentation) is distributed under Python Software
Foundation License. It is a BSD style permissive software license and compatible to GNU
GPL (General Public License).
Python is a cross-platform language. Pre-compiled binaries are available for use on
various operating system platforms such as Windows, Linux, Mac OS, Android OS. The
reference implementation of Python is called CPython and is written in C. You can
download the source code and compile it for your OS platform.
A Python program is first compiled to an intermediate platform independent byte code.
The virtual machine inside the interpreter then executes the byte code. This behaviour
makes Python a cross-platform language, and thus a Python program can be easily
ported from one OS platform to other.
GUI Applications
Python's standard distribution has an excellent graphics library called TKinter. It is a
Python port for the vastly popular GUI toolkit called TCL/Tk. You can build attractive
user-friendly GUI applications in Python. GUI toolkits are generally written in C/C++.
Many of them have been ported to Python. Examples are PyQt, WxWidgets, PySimpleGUI
etc.
Database Connectivity
Almost any type of database can be used as a backend with the Python application. DB-
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API is a set of specifications for database driver software to let Python communicate with
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a relational database. With many third party libraries, Python can also work with NoSQL
databases such as MongoDB.
Extensible
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The term extensibility implies the ability to add new features or modify existing features.
As stated earlier, CPython (which is Python's reference implementation) is written in C.
Hence one can easily write modules/libraries in C and incorporate them in the standard
library. There are other implementations of Python such as Jython (written in Java) and
IPython (written in C#). Hence, it is possible to write and merge new functionality in
these implementations with Java and C# respectively.
Active Developer Community
As a result of Python's popularity and open-source nature, a large number of Python
developers often interact with online forums and conferences. Python Software
Foundation also has a significant member base, involved in the organization's mission to
"Promote, Protect, and Advance the Python Programming Language"
Python also enjoys a significant institutional support. Major IT companies Google,
Microsoft, and Meta contribute immensely by preparing documentation and other
resources.
Apart from the above-mentioned features, Python has another big list of good features,
few are listed below −
It supports functional and structured programming methods as well as OOP.
It can be used as a scripting language or can be compiled to byte-code for
building large applications.
It provides very high-level dynamic data types and supports dynamic type
checking.
It supports automatic garbage collection.
It can be easily integrated with C, C++, COM, ActiveX, CORBA, and Java.
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