OO SPECTRUMO T U N | T | Oo READING COMPREHENSION Test 3 Question Book Structure of book ‘Number of questions Number of questions to be Time allowed answered 5 5 40 minutes INSTRUCTIONS 1. There are 45 questions in this sample set. You have 40 minutes to complete the real test which contains 50 questions, 2. With each question there are five possible answers A, B, C, D or E. For each question you are to choose the ONE answer you think is best. To show your answer, fill the oval for one letter (A, B, C, D or E) on the separate answer sheet in the section headed Reading Comprehension. 3. Ifyou don’t know the answer to a question, make a guess or come back to it later. You don’t lose marks if you get something wrong. It may be difficult to finish all the questions in the time allowed, so don’t spend too long on any one question. 4. If you decide to change an answer, rub it out completely and mark your new answer clearly. 5. If you want to work anything out you may write on the question booklet. 6. If you need the help of the supervisor during the test, raise your hand. © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LTD 166‘The following information is for questions 1 to 3: The following diagram shows the flow of energy — from source to consumption — for Australia in 2012-2013. Households and industries use some forms of primary energy (energy gained directly from a natural resource) but energy resources are more commonly transformed into electricity o refined to ereate products such as petrol, diesel and aviation fuel. Australia’s energy flows in petajoules* (2012-2013) retina oi product exports Ls 125 natural 38 crude olland condensate commercial ant services 908 “e in residential 454 agtoulturs and mining 585 transport ‘manufacturing i072 renewables andolher 78 aural as, ude Ol refined ol and LPG imports product imports imports *Potajoule: a very large unit of energy Question 1 Which of the following energy sources is not exported by Australia? A. LPG B. Natural gas C. Crude oil D. Brown coal E. None of these © SPECTRUM TUITION PTY LTD 167Question 2 What does the diagram tell us about Australia’s energy exports? ‘A. Only a small component is refined. B. They are small by world standards. C. The biggest component is uranium oxide D. Most are refined products. E. None of these Question 3 which one of the following resources is not used directly by final energy consumers’ ‘A. Renewable energy B. Brown coal C. Black coal D. LPG E. None of these The following information is for questions 4 to 6: “Battle fatigue’ was a term used in World War II. This psychological disorder, now known as Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, is caused by the stress of warfare. The disorder decreases a soldier’s ability to fight effectively. The diagram below shows how choices were made regarding the classification and processing of battle fatigue cases in the US Army during World War IL. Bacile-futigued soldier + Classified by leader, medic _. ~ Fe a Cone Diagn hy Payson pi om duty be assistant, or MH Officer* Treated and released Battle fatigue easualty . 4 a f ry Re-evaluate Re-evaluate y i MOS Reclassify* Eeavaats © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LtD 168,~ Return to duty i +— Evaluate : *MH Officer: Military Hospital Officer *MOS Reclassify: changing a soldier's military occupational specialty Question 4 The diagram suggests that soldiers who were placed into JEW were AL B. c. D. E Question 5 The diagram suggests that soldiers who were placed into | Continue moom> potentially fit for battle. expected to suffer battle fatigue again. currently considered medical casualties. reclassified into a new occupational specialty. None of these had to be treated before returning to battle. did not have battle fatigue in the first place. were protected against a recurrence of battle fatigue. could still be evacuated if their symptoms did not improve. None of these Question 6 The diagram suggests that was A. B. c. D. E, considered a weakness. an important part of recovery. a form of medical re-evaluation directly preliminary to being treated and released. None of these Question 7 The letters in SAINT can be rearranged to form: moow> an animal a strange and compelling dilemma a type of fabric an infant None of these © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LtD 169Question 8 Which word does NOT belong with the others? ungainly awkward graceful inelegant None of these moow> Question 9 Familiarity breeds contempt. ‘What does this sentence suggest? A. Disdain for a person vanishes once you get to know them well B. Knowing someone very well may lead to lack of respect for them. C. Knowing what you are about to do could prevent hatred. D. Hatred comes from following a path whose destination is not known, E. None of these. Question 10 I believe you are refering to the meeting on the twelth Choose the answer which best corrects the mistakes in the sentence above: A. L believe you are referring to the meeting on the twelth. B, [believe you are reffering to the meeting on the twelfth. C. I believe you are reffering to the meeting on the twelth. D. [believe you are referring to the meeting on the twelfth. E. None of these © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LtD 170Read the following passage to answer questions 11 - 13 Have you ever wondered what keeps a hot air balloon flying? The same principle that keeps food frozen in the open chest freezers at the grocery store allows hot air balloons to fly. It's a very basic principle: Hot air rises and cold air falls, So while the super-cooled air in the grocery store freezer settles down around the food, the hot air in a hot air balloon pushes up, keeping the balloon floating above the ground, In order to understand more about how this principle works in hot air balloons, it helps to know more about hot air balloons themselves. A hot air balloon has three major parts: the basket, the burner, and the envelope. The basket is where passengers ride. The basket is usually made of wicker. This ensures that it will be comfortable and add little extra weight. The burner is positioned above the passenger's heads and produces a huge flame to heat the air inside the envelope. The envelope is the colourful fabric balloon that holds the hot air. When the air inside the envelope is heated, the balloon rises. The pilot can control the up-and-down movements of the hot air balloon by regulating the heat in the envelope. To ascend, the pilot heats the air in the envelope. When the pilot is ready to land, the air in the balloon is allowed to cool and the balloon becomes heavier than air. This makes the balloon descend. Before the balloon is launched, the pilot knows which way the wind is blowing. This means that she has a general idea about which way the balloon will go. But, sometimes the pilot can actually control the direction that the balloon flies while in flight. This is because the air above the ground is sectioned into layers in which the direction of the wind may be different, So even though the pilot can't steer the balloon, he can fly higher or lower into a different layer of air. Some days the difference between the direction of the wind between layers is negligible. But other days the difference is so strong that it can actually push the balloon in a completely different direction, Question 11 According to the author, wicker is I comfortable. TI. lightweight. IIL. durable. A. Tonly B. Land IT only C. Mand Ill only D.1, I, and D1 E. None of these Question 12 If the hot air balloon pilot wants to change directions during flight, what might he or she do to accomplish this? ‘A. head toward a mountain peak B. wait for it to rain C. fly into a cloud D. fly higher E. None of these © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LTD 171Question 13 Using the passage as a guide, it can be inferred that which of the following statements is false? A. Air goes up and out the top of a chimney when you light a fire. B. Cool air collects about the ceiling when you open a refrigerator. C. Smoke from a candle rises after you blow out the flame. D. Cold air coming from an air conditioning vent settles about the floor. E. None of these. Read the following passage to answer questions 14 - 17 Fleas are perfectly designed by nature to feast on anything containing blood. Like a shark in the water or a wolf in the woods, fleas are ideally equipped to do what they do, making them very difficult to defeat. The bodies of these tiny parasites are extremely hardy and well suited for their job. A flea has a very hard exoskeleton, which means the body is covered by a tough, tilelike plate called a sclerite. Because of these plates, fleas are almost impossible to squish. The exoskeletons of fleas are also waterproof and shock resistant, and therefore fleas are highly resistant to the sprays and chemicals used to kill them. Little spines are attached to this plate. The spines lie flat against the flea’s thin, narrow body as the flea scurries through an animal’s fur in search of food. However, if anything (like fingers or a self-grooming pet) tries to pull a flea off through the hair coat, these spines will extend and stick to the fur like Velero. Fleas are some of the best jumpers in the natural world, A flea can jump seven inches, or 150 times its own length, either vertically or horizontally. An equivalent jump for a person would be 555 feet, the height of the Washington Monument. Fleas can jump 30,000 times in a row without stopping, and they are able to accelerate through the air at an incredibly high rate—a rate which is over ten times what humans can withstand in an airplane. Question 14 According to the passage, fleas are resistant to sprays and chemicals because they A. have waterproof slerites. B. are excellent jumpers. C. reproduce very rapidly. D. can stick to fur like Velero. E. None of these. Question 15, The author mentions the Washington Monument in order to A. estimate the extreme distance that a flea is able to jump. B. illustrate a comparison made between fleas and humans C. clarify a point made regarding fleas and acceleration. D. demonstrate the superiority of fleas over humans. E, None of these, © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LTD 172Question 16 An easy way A. squish it B. spray it with poison. C. drown it by washing your pet with soapy water. D. pull it off your pet with your fingernail. E. None of these. to kill a flea would be to Question 17 Using the information in the passage as a guide, it can be concluded that ‘A. humans do not possess the physical characteristies of the flea because they have no use for them, B. humans do not pay much attention to fleas because they do not pose a serious threat. C. fleas have many physical advantages, although these are outweighed by their many disadvantages. D. fleas are designed in such a way as to give them unique physical advantages in life. E, None of these Read the following passage to answer questions 18 - 23 Philadelphia is a city known for many things. It is where the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, and it was also the first capital of the United States. But one fact about Philadelphia is not so well-known: it is home to nearly 3,000 murals painted on the sides of homes and buildings around the city. In fact, it is said that Philadelphia has more murals than any other city in the world, with the exception of Rome. How did this come to be? More than 20 years ago, a New Jersey artist named Jane Golden started a program pairing troubled youth with artists to paint murals on a few buildings around the city. From this small project, something magical happened. The young people involved helped to create magnificent pieces of art, but there were other, perhaps more important benefits. The young people learned to collaborate and get along with many different kinds of people during the various steps required to paint and design a mural. They learned to be responsible, because they needed to follow a schedule to make sure the murals were completed. They also leamed to take pride in their community. It is hard for any resident to see the spectacular designs and not feel proud to be a part of Philadelphia. Take a walk around some of the poorest neighbourhoods in Philadelphia, neighbourhoods full of broken windows and littered front steps, and you will find beautiful works of art on the sides and fronts of buildings. Of course the murals are not just in poor neighbourhoods, but more affluent ones as well. Special buses take tourists to different parts of the city to see the various murals, which range from huge portraits of historical heroes, to cityscapes, to scenes depicting the diverse ethnic groups that call Philadelphia home. Asa result of its success, the mural program created by Jane Golden has now become the nation’s largest public art program and a model for other cities throughout the country seeking to help troubled youth. © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LTD 173,Question 18 The main focus of the passage is A. an art program designed to help troubled youth. B. the many tourists who come to Philadelphia to see murals. C. the reasons why Philadelphia is a unique city. D. how Jane Golden came up with the idea to start a mural program. E. None of these. Question 19 As used in paragraph 1, the phrase “it is said” suggests that the author is A. knowingly misleading the reader. B. using a quote from someone else. C. referring to something that is widely believed, but may be untrue. D. referring to something that he or she does not personally believe. E, None of these, Question 20 As used in paragraph 1, the phrase “with the exception of Rome” means that ‘A. Rome has fewer murals than Philadelphia. B. Philadelphia has fewer murals than Rome. C. Rome has the most beautiful murals of all D. Rome and Philadelphia are the only cities with murals. E, None of these. Question 21 According to the passage, the murals in Philadelphia 1. draw tourists who want to see them. IL instil responsibility and pride in the people who paint them. IIL. are solely designed by the youth who paint them, A. lonly B. Land I only C. Land III only D.1, I, and HI E, None of these Question 22 Based on information in the passage, the author most likely believes that A. there are too many murals in Philadelphia, B. the mural program was an inspirational idea. C. all troubled youth should learn how to paint. D. every city in the country should adopt the mural program. E. None of these. © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LTD 174Question 23 Based on information in the passage, it can be inferred that the author believes the two best reasons for other cities to adopt the mural program are to A. beautify their city and draw tourists B. help troubled youth and beautify their city. C. have as many murals as Philadelphia and help troubled youth. D. draw tourists and surpass Philadelphia in terms of number of murals. E, None of these, Read the following passage (an excerpt from Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations) to answer questions 24 - 26 ‘Whether I should have made out this object so soon if there had been no fine lady sitting at it, I cannot say. In an arm-chair, with an elbow resting on the table and her head leaning on that hand, sat the strangest lady T have ever seen, or shall ever see She was dressed in rich materials, —satins, and lace, and silks,—all of white. Her shoes were white, And she had a long white veil dependent from her hair, and she had bridal flowers in her hair, but her hair was white. Some bright jewels sparkled on her neck and on her hands, and some other jewels lay sparkling on the table. Dresses, less splendid than the dress she wore, and half-packed trunks, were seattered about. She had not quite finished dressing, for she had but one shoe on, —the other was on the table near her hand,—her veil was but half arranged, her watch and chain were not put on, and some lace for her bosom lay with those trinkets, and with her handkerchief, and gloves, and some flowers, and a Prayer-Book all confusedly heaped about the looking-glass. It was not in the first few moments that I saw all these things, though I saw more of them. in the first moments than might be supposed. But I saw that everything within my view which ought to be white, had been white long ago, and had lost its lustre and was faded and yellow. I saw that the bride within the bridal dress had withered like the dress, and like the flowers, and had no brightness left but the brightness of her sunken eyes. I saw that the dress had been put upon the rounded figure of a young woman, and that the figure upon which it now hung loose had shrunk to skin and bone. Once, I had been taken to see some ghastly waxwork at the Fair, representing I know not what impossible personage lying in state. Once, I had been taken to one of our old marsh churches to see a skeleton in the ashes of a rich dress that had been dug out of a vault under the church pavement. Now, waxwork and skeleton seemed to have dark eyes that moved and looked at me. I should have cried out, if I could Question 24 As used in paragraph 3, which is the best synonym for lustre? A. shine B. polish C. glory D. dust E. None of these © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LTD 175Question 25 As used in paragraph 3, which is the best antonym for ghastly? A. seary B. rugged C. charming D. beautiful E. None of these Question 26 ‘What does the passage describe? A. A woman dressed as the bride of Frankenstein, B. A woman dressed as a corpse. C. A dead body. D. A woman dressed in a shabby, antique wedding gown, E. None of the above. Read the following passage (An excerpt from Jane Austen’s Mansfield Park) to answer questions 27 - 30 The following dialogue takes place between Miss Crawford and Edmund, as seen through the eyes of Fanny, the main character. Miss Crawford is frustrated by the lack of hired help in Mansfield Park, Edmund has reminded her that there is nothing he can do about that. “Oh!” said Miss Crawford “You can do nothing but what you do already: be plagued very often, and never lose your temper." "Thank you; but there is no escaping these little vexations, Mary, live where we may; and when you are settled in town and I come to see you, I dare say I shall find you with yours, in spite of the lack of gardener and the chicken keeper, or perhaps on their very account. ‘Their remoteness and unpunctuality, or their exorbitant charges and frauds, will be drawing forth bitter lamentations." "mean to be too rich to lament or to feel anything of the sort, A large income is the best recipe for happiness I ever heard of. It certainly may secure all the myrtle and turkey part of it." "You intend to be very rich?" said Edmund, with a look whieh, to Fanny's eye, had a great deal of serious meaning. "To be sure. Do not you? Do not we all?” "T cannot intend anything which it must be so completely beyond my power to command, Miss Crawford may choose her degree of wealth. She has only to fix on her number of thousands a year, and there can be no doubt of their coming. My intentions are only not to be poor.” "By moderation and economy, and bringing down your wants to your income, and all that. Lunderstand you—and a very proper plan it is for a person at your time of life, with such limited means and indifferent connections. What can you want but a decent maintenance? ‘You have not much time before you; and your relations are in no situation to do anything for you, or to mortify you by the contrast of their own wealth and consequence. Be honest and poor, by all means—but I shall not envy you; I do not much think I shall even respect you. I have a much greater respect for those that are honest and rich." © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LTD 176Question 27 ‘As used in paragraph 1, which is the best definition for lamentations? A. complaints B. comments C. sobs D. recommendations E, None of these Question 28 Based on its use in paragraph 2, it ean be understood that vexation belongs to which of the following word families? A. annoyance, trivial, frustrating B. frustration, obstacle, difficulty C. obstacle, problem, hindrance D. insignificant, small, unnoticeable E. None of these Question 29 Which of the following words best describes Miss Crawford’s attitude towards money? [Link] B. practical C. cold-hearted D. smug E, none of these Question 30 Which of the following best describes Miss Crawford’s character, as she is presented in the passage? A. childish and arrogant B. naive and petulant C. wise and honest D. naive and superior E, None of these © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LTD 177Read the following fable to answer questions 31 - 33 A Town Mouse once upon a time went on a visit to his cousin in the country. He was rough and ready, this cousin, but he loved his town friend and made him heartily welcome. Beans and bacon, cheese and bread, were all he had to offer, but he offered them freely. The Town Mouse rather turned up his long nose at this country fare, and said: "I cannot understand, Cousin, how you can put up with such poor food as this, but of course you cannot expect anything better in the country; come you with me and I will show you how to live. When. you have been in town a week you will wonder how you could ever have stood a country life." No sooner said than done: the two mice set off for the town and arrived at the Town Mouse's residence late at night, "You will want some refreshment after our long journey," said the polite Town Mouse, and took his friend into the grand dining-room. There they found the remains of a fine feast, and soon the two mice were eating up jellies and cakes, and all that was nice. Suddenly they heard growling and barking. "What is that?" said the Country Mouse. "It is only the dogs of the house," answered the other. "Only!" said the Country Mouse, "I do not like that music at my dinner." Just at that moment the door flew open, in came ‘two huge mastifis, and the two mice had to scamper down and run off. "Good-bye, Cousin," said the Country Mouse, "What! going so soon?" said the other. "Yes," he Question 31 Which of the following best describes the main conflict in this passage? A. town versus country B. mice versus dogs C. safety versus wealth D. pretention versus humility E, None of these Question 32 Which best describes the Town Mouse’s attitude in this passage? A. anxious B. studied C. humble D. intelligent E. smarmy Question 33 The author’s intended moral is most likely: A. Luxury at any cost is worth it. B. Safety comes from being poor. C. Being boastful makes you foolish. D. It is better to be comfortable, safe and poor then wealthy and in danger. E. None of these, © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LTD 178,Read the following poem to answer questions 34 - 35 A Vagabond Song There is something in the Autumn that is native to my blood— Touch of manner, hint of mood; ‘And my heart is like a rhyme, With the yellow and the purple and the crimson keeping time. The scarlet of the maples can shake me like a cry Of bugles going by. And my lonely spirit thrills To see the frosty asters like smoke upon the hills, There is something in October sets the gypsy blood astir; We must rise and follow her, When from every hill of fame She calls and calls each vagabond by name. Bliss Carmen Question 34 The tone of the poem is best described as A. melancholic. B. excited. C. bored. D. exhilarated. E. None of these, Question 35 As used in the first line of the third stanza, “astir” most likely means: A. Still or unmoving. B, Weak or frail, C. Moved or motivated. D. Spurting or erupting. E. None of these © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LTD 179Read the following passage to answer questions 36 - 38 A strong and stable sawing trestle is one of the most important accessories of the carpenter's shop, whether amateur or professional. The saw is constantly being used, and for it to do its work accurately the material must be properly supported, so that it cannot sway or shifi. The top of the trestle is 29 inches long, 4 inches wide, and 2 inches thick, The four legs are made of 2 by 2 inch dowel. To start with, cut the leg pieces to be 24 inches long, to allow for the waste of cutting on the angle. Cutting the Notches —Make four marks 7 inches from the four corners of the top, set your bevel to an angle of 70 degrees (or cut an angle out of a card with the help of a protractor), and lay a Jeg against each mark in turn, the end projecting an inch or so above the top. Move the leg about till it makes the proper angle at the mark, and draw a pencil line down each side of the leg as close up as possible. Since the legs may vary slightly in size, use each once only for marking, and number it and the place to which it belongs, Lines must now be drawn along the upper and under sides of the top, parallel to and 3/4- inch from the edge, to complete the marking out of the notches Cut just inside the side marks with a saw, and remove the wood between the cuts back to the top and bottom marks with a broad, sharp chisel, making the surface of the cut as true and flat as you can, Then match each leg with its cut. If it won't enter, bevel off the sides of the cut very slightly tll it will. A good driving fit is what one should aim at. Question 36 Based on the passage, a sawing trestle most closely resembles: A. A bookshelf B.A chair C. A table D. Acar E. None of these Question 37 According to the passage, in what order should you do the following 1. Cut the leg pieces to 24 inches, II. Draw lines along the top piece. IIL. Move the legs until you can see the angle they will sit at AI, IIL 0 B. Il, 1, 1 Cc. Lo D.1, I, Wl E. None of these Question 38 According to the passage, the trestle will be used A. to lay items for sawing on B. to sharpen saws. C. to hold saws steady. D. to arrange your saws on. E, None of these. © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LTD 180Read the following passage (an excerpt from Aldus Huxley’s Brave New World) to answer questions 39 - 41 ‘A squat grey building of only thirty-four stories, over the main entrance the words, CENTRAL LONDON HATCHERY AND CONDITIONING CENTRE, and, in a shield, the World State's motto, COMMUNITY, IDENTITY, STABILITY. ‘The enormous room on the ground floor faced towards the north. Cold for all the summer beyond the panes, for all the tropical heat of the room itself, a harsh thin light glared through the windows, hungrily seeking some draped lay figure, some pallid shape of academic goose-flesh, but finding only the glass and nickel and bleakly shining porcelain ofa laboratory. Wintriness responded to wintriness. The overalls of the workers were white, their hands gloved with a pale corpse-coloured rubber. The light was frozen, dead, a ghost. Only from the yellow barrels of the microscopes did it borrow a certain rich and living substance, lying along the polished tubes like butter, streak after luscious streak in long recession down the work tables. "And this," said the Director opening the door, "is the Fertilizing Room." Bent over their instruments, three hundred Fertilizers were plunged, as the Director of Hatcheries and Conditioning entered the room, in the scarcely breathing silence, the absent-minded, soliloquizing hum or whistle, of absorbed concentration. A troop of newly arrived students, very young, pink and callow, followed nervously, rather abjectly, at the Director's heels. Each of them carried a notebook, in which, whenever the great man spoke, he desperately scribbled. Straight from the horse's mouth. It was a rare privilege. The D.H.C, for Central London always made a point of personally conducting his new students round the various departments. "Just to give you a general idea," he would explain to them. For of course some sort of general idea they must have, if they were to do their work intelligently though as little of one, if they were to be good and happy members of society, as possible. For particulars, as ‘everyone knows, make for virtue and happiness; generalities are intellectually necessary evils. Not philosophers but fret sawyers and stamp collectors compose the backbone of society.” Question 39 This passage would most likely appear in which genre of novel? A. Horror B. Science Fiction C. Comedy D. Non Fiction E. None of the above © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LTD 181Question 40 The tone of this passage is best described as A. tense and anxious. B. light and friendly. C. matter-of-fact. D. uninterested and bored. E. None of these. Question 41 What fears does this passage possibly express on the part of the author? A. Science and technology unhindered by ethics. B, Unnatural forms of reproduction C. Uniforms and sterile environments. D. The government having too much control. E, None of these. Question 42 Luey proved her mettle with a fine, well-fought victory in the contest. The word mettle in this sentence means: A. beauty B. cowardice C. intelligence D. courage E, None of these Question 43 Diligence is the mother of good fortune. What does this sentence suggest? A: Luck is more important than carefulness. B: Hard word yields rewards. C: Mothers usually are more hard-working and less lucky than others. D: Bad luck follows assiduousness. E: None of these. Question 44 The sentence below does not have any punctuation, Choose the option with the correct, punctuation. i dont know and i dont care shouted my brother A. [don’t know and I don’t care! shouted my brother. B. “I don’t know and I don’t care!” shouted my brother. C. “Idon’t know and I don’t care!” shouted my brother D.“I don’t know and I don’t care” shouted my brother. E. None of these © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LTD 182Question 45 The sentence below does not have any punctuation. Choose the option with the correct punctuation, whenever i see her im reminded of my cousin’s sister who lives in brisbane ‘A: Whenever I see her, I'm reminded of my cousin, who lives in brisbane. B: Whenever I see her, I’m reminded of my cousin who lives in Brisbane, C: Whenever I see her, Im reminded of my cousin, who lives in Brisbane. D: Whenever I see her, I'm reminded of my cousin, who lives in Brisbane. E: None of these. WELL DONE! THIS IS THE END OF THE TEST. IF YOU STILL HAVE TIME LEFT, PLEASE CHECK OVER YOUR ANSWERS. © SPECTRUM TUITION Pry LTD 183,