Forces 1a push o pull onan object. A force usually changes the motion ofan object « every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Gravity- an attractive force between two objects o=@ mass and distance determine the strength of the gravitational field between two objects «4g. 2 force that opposes motion (ar resistance, drag) iction — friction usually produces thermal energy Lift an upwards force that effects objects in motion ina fluid Thrust - a force that prope!s rockets and airplanes Drag- a force that opposes thrust, a type of friction Weight- the pull of gravity Electromagnetic Waves + The shorter the wavelength, the more energy carried by the The wall pushes back with an equal force Forces involved in Flight Spring Seale measures force waves «+ Visible light is the portion of the EM spectrum that can be detected by the human eye Light Waves Object Sy, Reflection Refraction ‘Sound Waves + Sound waves are produced by mechanical vibrations + Sound waves need a solid, liquid or gas to travel throu: ‘and cannot travel through space (a vacuum) es Earth Scence Exam nesses) Refraction Lightning - light waves, arrive first ‘Thunder - sound waves, arrive secondThermal Energy “Also called heat. As tem energy it "perature increases, the atoms and molecules move faster and thermal Tengen enriavst pect Weetion currents ocerin the mantle ofthe Earth Simple Machines Lever Inclined Plane Wheel and Axle a a atl ® A d Seong ert Fulrum ‘indlined planes Pulleys and levers can change the direction of the force Motion and Energy Potential Energy- stored energy Kinetic Energy -the energy ofmoton Pendulum + Machines use Mechanical Energy + Energy can be converted from one form into another a Cd bboy hts canal one —— velocity of an object aEO ic Table ber and their Pacis “organizes the chemical elements inorder of atomic num ‘chemical characteristics. elements na column have sit aN ‘chemical properties > 18 Metals Nonmetals Most elements are metals Metals conduct electricity good conductors ofhest Shiny Increasing atomic nanberin 3 row ——t LE nobel cases Phases of Matter «Atoms in a solid are fixed in crystalline patter, atoms in aliquid can move around and atoms in 2 gas exist issispendently A ATA AE each other, Temperature determines phase ‘Atoms have more kinetic energy as temperature increases Solid Changing from one state Mal vapor , Solid OE Liquid PORE Gag | tomnother is an example of Freeing ‘Condensation 1 Physical Change (aot a chemical change) Physical Changes Chemical Changes No new substances created new substances reated 9..ipping paper 2g. formation of rust making a mixture burning of fuels melting copper photosynthesis changing shape baking cookies Misxture- ¢ combination of substances (eg. sand and salt in water) that can separated from each other Solubility- sugar can dissolve in water. Heating and string increase solubility ath Sens xa arsed | Bey eA jl ie ee |Study Guide: Physical Science Lab and Lab Safety 3 j + Follow procedures + Use materials appropriately 1 wot Scere Metso’ \Variables-any fain an eximent thet an be changed Purpose/Question Constants vables that dort changein he experiment Research Independent vaiable- te vribebing changed inthe experiment Hypothesis Dependent Varabe- the vale that s beng messed Experiment CContro- a reference for comparison in an experiment ‘Avalyeit and Conctution nference- a conclusion based on the results of the experiment Lab, Mass, Volume, and Density A triple beam balance measures mass in grams [A graduated cylinder measures volume in ml A graduated eylinder also measures the Volume of solids by liquid displacement is densty a Density = — Mass ‘Mass s the amount of ata in an object yout Volume isthe amount of space an object occupa Atoms, Elements, Compounds + Matter includes all solids, liquids and gases on Earth. All matter is made of atoms. Tee flots in water boca ig less thar quid ‘Compound Water Molecule « + @ Compounds are made of two or more atoms an Since Ena rec/ Name_ivanta General Knowledge Science Review Set 1 1 Which cell structure is found in plant cells, but notin animal cells? (1) cytoplasm 3) nucleus (2)cell membrane ((4) ell wall 2. Which sequence represents the levels of organization in a human body from simple to most complex? (1) cell > organ — tissue — organ system (2) organ system —> cell — tissue + organ cell — tissue —> orgen — organ system @ tissue + organ —> organ system —> cell 3 The diagram below shows four organisms, ‘How many of the organisms represented in the diagram are multicellular? (one 3) three 2) two (Opn 4 The main function of a plant leaf is to (1) absorb water for the plant photosynthesis ‘produce seeds (4) reproduce sexually 5. What is the function of DNA? (1) making nutrients through respiration storing energy for the cell @)patrying genetic information ‘transporting proteins ‘Test Review Desensff ee |: :\ /: is inant red (R) is domin Use the Punnett square to answer the question below. In certai2 flowes, over pink (r), R= Ri R} RR | RR r | Rr | Rr 6 What percent ofthe offspring shown in the Punet gure wll hve Pink flowers? Cajo% (3) 75% (2) 25% 4) 100% 7 Which is not a chemical change? (1) the formation of rust (2) a vinegar-baking soda reaction @Hte condensation of water (4) the browning of an apple 8 One difference between sound and light waves is that: 1) sound waves travel much faster (2) Sound waves can travel in space (3) sound waves carry clectromagnetic energy (4) sound waves carry mechanical energy “The diagram below shows layers inthe crust of the Earth, Layer A represents the surface ofthe Earth eee Gat Peet Fa vom 9 Which is true about layers in the diagram? GipLayer D is older than Layer C 2, Layer C is younger than layer B 3. Layer Ais older than layer B 4. Layer D is younger than layer C Ts Review ssn?0 Which layer of the !) mantle (3) inner core @) outer core Earth is the thinnest? dits the Earth anc Base your answers to questions 11 on the diagram below. The diagram see ici orbit around Sun. The arrow labeled F Tepresents the force that keeps the 11 What is the name of the force that keeps the Earth in its orbit? 1) electromagnetic @) gravity trifugal @ friction 12 Which has more inertia? (1) a kilogram of foamboard (2) a kilogram of metamorphic rock (3) more information is needed C@)voth are the same y a force? 13 Which of the following will increase the acceleration of an object that is pushed by CQ) Aecreasing the mass of the object ~@) decreasing the force of the object (3) increasing the mass of the object (4) none of the above 14 Asa candle bums, the chemical energy stored in the wax is transformed into CQ) Beat and light ~@) heat and magnetism G) electricity and light ) electricity and magnetism Test Review Drisians®ilit for the stability curves ‘The sph shor s the ‘ear Base your answers to question 15-17 00 the table below. oo alt re ferent tomer! three different solutes (A-C). Bach solute js dissolved in Solubility and Temperature 10 alas 60 5 Ss 50 | 3B 40 4 | | 2 3» = BEY 3 2 a 10 6 t 0 10 2 30 40 50 60 7 ‘Temperature °c 15 How many grams of solute A will dissolve in 100 graras of water Oey 16 Describe the relationship between water ‘emperature and the solubility of Solute C from 0°C to 30°C. 17 What is one way to increase the solubility of solute B? pecek yesh min coshpe sd ee General Knowledge Science Review Set 2 1 A paramecium is a single-celled organism that needs to ingest food in order to 1) release oxygen into the air ct the energy they need to carry their metabolism (3) protect themselves from predators (4) adapt to chemicals in the environment 2 Ifthe cell below is an animal cell, where does the arrow point to? membrane (3) nucleus @ cytoplasm (4) cell wall 3 The endocrine system produces chemicals that affect body functions. These chemicals are called (1) proteins (3) enzymes Q) nutrients((4) hormones 4 Which process causes a variety of traits within a species? (1) photosynthesis ; (2) symmetry expression reproduction @ homeostasis 5 The diagram below shows 30 grams of two different objects, A and B, on a laboratory balance. A Compared to object A, object B has a diferent (1) mass (3) density (4) temperature (@Yotame aa Test Review DPScieneeO| Which object in our solar system isa star? Jupiter @) Mer / roury: osm (4) Comet The diagram below shows Earth in its orbit around the Sun. 12. What does the diagram represent? CQ) the revolution of the Earth (2) the rotation of the Barth (3) the revolution of the moon (4) the rotation of the sun ‘Answer the question ftom the graph Work vs. Time ‘Time (s) 13 How much work is being done at 12 seconds? (16005 @) 100 : 0 Ss ‘Test Review Desciense®