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PYTHON
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(BCC-302)

Unit-I : Introduction to Python

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Complete
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Syllabus

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Introduction to Python: Python variables, Python basic
Operators, Understanding python blocks. Python Data Types,
Declaring and using Numeric data types: int, float etc.

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Introduction to Python
What is
WPython?
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Python is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted programming language known for its simple,

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readable syntax.
Created by Guido van Rossum and released in 1991.
Follows object-oriented, functional, and procedural paradigms.

Why Python?

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Easy to learn and write.
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Large standard library. R N I
Supports GUI programming.
Highly portable across platforms.
Used in web development, AI, ML, data analysis, scripting, automation, and scientific computing
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Python vs Other Languages

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Feature Python
Typing Dynamic

Compilation Interpreted

Syntax Easy, Readable

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Memory Management N I (garbage collection)
R Automatic
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Python Installation and Execution

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Installation:

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Download Python from [Link].
During installation, add Python to PATH for easy terminal usage.

Running Python:
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Using IDLE (Python’s inbuilt IDE). R N I
Using terminal/command prompt: python [Link]
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Python Syntax and Structure

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T Comments
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Used for code documentation.

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Single-line: # This is a comment
Multi-line: Using multiple # or docstrings (""" Comment """).

Indentation
Python uses indentation to define code blocks instead of braces {}.
Consistent indentation is crucial; typically 4 spaces.
Example
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if True:
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print("Indentation example") N I
Keywords
Reserved words in Python: if, else, elif, while, for, break, continue, def, class, import, return, True, False, None etc.
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Python Variables
Definition:
Variables are names that refer T W I locations where data is stored.
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to memory S

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Characteristics:
Do not require explicit declaration of type.
Variable names are case-sensitive.

Rules for Naming Variables:

Can contain letters, digits, and underscores.
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Cannot start with a digit. E
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Cannot use reserved keywords.
examples:
x = 10
name = "AKTU"
pi = 3.14
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Python Basic Operators

These are special symbols in Python used to perform arithmetic or logical operations.
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An operand is the value on which an operator acts toI complete
S the operation.
ITypes of Operators:

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a) Arithmetic Operators: Arithmetic operators are symbols used to perform basic math like +, -. *, /, etc
Example:
a = 10
b=3
print(a + b) # 13
print(a % b) # 1
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A compare two
b) Relational Operators: Relational operators I N
values and return True or False.
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==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
Example:
x = 5
print(x > 3) # True
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Python Basic Operators

c) Logical Operators: Logical operators combine conditions and return True or False.
and, or, not T W I S
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Example:
a = True
b = False
print(a and b) # False

d) Assignment Operators: Assignment operators are used to assign or update values in variables.

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=, +=, -=, *=, /=, etc.
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Example: R N I
x=5
x += 3 # x = 8
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Python Basic Operators

e) Membership Operators: To find whether a value or variable is present in a sequence.
in, not in WT I S
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Example:

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l = [1, 2, 3]
print(2 in l) # True

f) Identity Operators: Identity operators check whether two variables refer to the same object in
memory.
is, is not
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Example:
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a = 5
b = 5
print(a is b) # True
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Understanding Python Blocks

T W I
I Definition: S
A block is a group of statements executed together.

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Block Identification:
Python uses indentation to define blocks instead of {}.
Indentation should be consistent (typically 4 spaces).

Example:
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print("Block starts here") A N
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print("Block continues")
print("Outside the block")
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Other Data Types

Python data types classify data items.

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S operations can be done with it.
I can store and what
They define what kind of value a variable

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Other Data Types

1) Numeric Data Types:
W Iusing these data types:
T numbers
In Python, you can work with different kinds of
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int (Integer): Used for whole numbers, positive or negative, and they can be very long.

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float (Floating-Point): Used for numbers with a decimal point. Be aware that they are not perfectly
precise for all values.
complex: Used for advanced mathematics involving imaginary numbers, written with a j for the
imaginary part (like 1+2j).

Example:

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age = 25 E
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height = 5.9
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impedance = 3 + 4j
print("type(age)") <class 'int'>
print("type(height)") <class 'float'>
print("type(impedance)") <class 'complex'>
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Other Data Types

2) LIST T W I S
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Purpose: An ordered collection to store multiple items.

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Contents: Can hold elements of similar or different data types.
Syntax: Items are separated by commas and enclosed in square brackets [ ].

Example:

# A list with different data types

my_list = [1, "hello", 3.14, True]
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print(my_list) # Output: [1, 'hello', 3.14, True] R N I
print(type(my_list)) # Output: <class 'list'>
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Other Data Types

3) TUPLE T W I S
Ordered: Items have a defined order. I

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Immutable: Cannot be altered after creation (no adding, removing, or changing elements).
Syntax: Items are stored within parentheses ( ), separated by commas.

Example:

# Creating a tuple
coordinates = (10, 20)
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person = ("Alice", 30, "Engineer") E
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print(coordinates) # Output: (10, 20)
print(type(coordinates)) # Output: <class 'tuple'>
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Other Data Types

4) DICTIONARY
Structure: Stores data in key/value pairs. T W I
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Key Property: Keys must be unique and immutable (e.g., strings, numbers).

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Ordered: Maintains the insertion order (as of Python 3.7+).
Syntax: Defined with curly braces { }.

Example:
student = {
"name": "Alice", "age": 22, "major": "Computer Science", "grades": [85, 92, 78]
}
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print(student)
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# Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 22, 'major': 'Computer Science', 'grades': [85, 92, 78]}

print(type(student)) # Output: <class 'dict'>

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Other Data Types

5) SETS
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Unordered: Items have no defined order.I
Unique: Duplicate values are automatically removed.

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Mutable: You can add and remove items, but individual elements must be immutable.
Syntax: Created with curly braces { } or the set() function.

Example:
# Creating a set
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "orange", "apple", "mango"}

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print(fruits)
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# Output: {'orange', 'banana', 'mango', 'apple'} (order may vary)
print(type(fruits)) # Output: <class 'set'>
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Difference between Global and local variable

Features T W I S
Local Variable Global Variable
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Accessible only within the Accessible throughout the
Scope & Accessibility
function where declared entire program

Created when function is

Created when program starts,
Scope & Accessibility called, destroyed when
destroyed when program ends
function exits

Stored in data segment of

Memory Location Stored in stack memory
memory
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Cannot be directly
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Data Sharing R N
accessed by other
Can be accessed and modified
by any function
functions

No special keyword needed Requires global keyword to

Modification
for declaration modify inside functions
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