Classification approach
Classification (dimension) - Siegel
The dimensionality and shape play a major role in determining the
characteristics of nanomaterials; physical, chemical and biological
characteristics.
Size ↓,→ surface-to-volume ratio ↑
The smaller size of the nanomaterials give higher surface area.
Raman and FTIR spectroscopy (vibrational spectroscopy) are also based on
shapes
Classification (dimension) - Siegel
0D 1D 2D 3D
Carbon nanomaterials/allotrope
nanodiamond Graphene graphite ionsdaleite
Fullerene- C60 Fullerene- C540 Fullerene=- C70
MWNT
Carbon nanospheres
Amorphous/activated carbon SWNT Carbon Nano Fibers
0D NANOMATERIALS
fullerene
QD
Basel = selasih = kemangi?
1D NANOMATERIALS
CNF
CNT SWNT
2D NANOMATERIALS
2D layered structure: ZLH, LDH, etc
Graphene, graphene oxide
3D NANOMATERIALS
activated carbon with 3D pores
NANOMATERIALS
3D
3
0D
0
2D
2 1D
1
Carbon nanomaterials/allotrope
a) 0 D b) 2 D 3D c) 3 D
nanodiamond Graphene graphite ionsdaleite
d) 0 D e) 0 D f) 0 D
Fullerene- C60 Fullerene- C540 Fullerene=- C70
g) 3 D
MWNT
Carbon nanospheres
Amorphous/activated carbon SWNT h) 1 D Carbon Nano Fibers
Carbon Nanostructures (CNS)
Carbon nanomaterials/allotrope
a) 0 D b) 2 D 3D c) 3 D
nanodiamond Graphene graphite ionsdaleite
d) 0 D e) 0 D f) 0 D
Fullerene- C60 Fullerene- C540 Fullerene=- C70
g) 3 D
MWNT
Carbon nanospheres
Amorphous/activated carbon SWNT h) 1 D Carbon Nano Fibers
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
Some Important Properties
i) Metallic, semi-conducting or superconducting
ii) The largest elastic modulus of any material ever known.
iii) The hollow structure - able to store guest molecules
(such as Lithium)
iv) Functional groups can be generated to anchor biological
materials or drugs, etc. for transportation to the target
Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)
CNT for multifunctional biomedical application
Imaging probe
Targeting moiety
Therapeutic molecule
GRAPHENE
One of the thinnest and strongest materials
2D sheet of carbon just one atom thick
‘honeycomb’ structure
100 times stronger than steel
highly conductive and flexible
The Nobel Prize in Physics for 2010 was awarded to
Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, for
groundbreaking experiments for the 2D material.
GRAPHENE OXIDE (GO)
Is the most important derivatives of graphene
contains many oxygenated functional groups:
(hydroxyls, epoxides and carboxylic acids) - confer on the tremendous
biocompatibility, water solubility)
Has dual-characteristics (hydrophilic edges and hydrophobic basal plane)
high surface area ~ 2600 m2/g.
All of these characteristics are ideal for drug delivery applications.
Ref. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 4328–4334., ). Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 2654–2660, Science 2006, 313, 951–954, Nat Nanotechnol 2008;3:101-5, J
Mater Chem 2010:3448-54, J Am Chem Soc: 2010;132(23):8180–6.
Preparation of GO
stirred for 12 hrs
at 50 °C,
sonication &
work up
[Marcano et al. ACS VOL. 4 ▪ NO. 8 ▪ 4806–4814 ▪ 2010]
XRD Analysis
Graphite Flakes
3.7 Å
intensity/cps
Graphene oxide
9.0 Å
10 20 30 40
2ϴ/degrees
Graphite
INH-GO
GO
GRAPHENE QUANTUM DOTS
F. Liu, et al., Adv. Mater.,
2013, 25 3657
F. Liu, et al., Adv. Mater., 2013, 25 3657
Kim, et al., ACS Nano, 2012, 6(9) 8203-8208
Green GQD
Synthesis of strongly green-photoluminescent graphene quantum dots for drug carrier,
Wang, et al., Coll. Surf Sc., Coll Surf B: Biointerface 2013, 112 192-196.
Green GQD
Synthesis of strongly green-photoluminescent graphene quantum dots for drug carrier,
Wang, et al., Coll. Surf Sc., Coll Surf B: Biointerface 2013, 112 192-196.
Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite
Nano metal oxides- TiO2,MgO and AgTiO2
Photo catalysis is the activity
occurring when a light source
interacts with the surface of
semiconductor materials, the so
called photo catalysts.
Two types of structures -Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor nanoparticles are one kind of
important and promising photocatalysts in photocatalysis because of
their unique optical and electronic properties
nano-sized titanium dioxide photo catalysts can have high activity in the
photo degradation of a wide range of organic and inorganic contaminants
in water.
It is believed that photo catalysis reaction eliminates wastewater
organic pollutants can be completely degraded to harmless
It is capable of degrading
pollutants such as herbicides,
carboxylic acids and alcohols
completely to carbon
dioxide, water and simple
minerals
Several studies have proved
that TiO2 nanostructures, in
particular, titanium dioxide
nanotubes (TNTs) have their
performance improved in
photovoltaics and photo
catalysis compared to nano
particulate forms of titanium
oxide
applications of titanium oxide:
antiseptic and antibacterial compositions
Degrading organic contaminants and germs
As a UV-resistant material
Manufacture of printing ink, self-cleaning ceramics and
glass, coating, etc.
Making of cosmetic products such as sunscreen creams,
whitening creams, morning and night creams, skin milks,
etc.
Used in the paper industry for improving the opacity of
paper.
to synthesize TiO2 and the most commonly used methods include
sol-gel process, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and
hydrothermal method among others.
cytotoxic -A substance
that kills cells, including
cancer cells.
These agents may stop
cancer cells from dividing
and growing and may
cause tumors to shrink in
size
A fibroblast is a type of cell that contributes to the formation of
connective tissue, a fibrous cellular material that supports and
connects other tissues or organs in the body.
Fibroblasts secrete collagen proteins that help maintain the structural
framework of tissues.