TEMA 6

Vocabulary in Context

🏢 Trabajo y estudios
Room for → estar en auge / tener mucha demanda
Career → carrera
Degree → título universitario
Entry-level → nivel básico
Field → campo / sector
Freelance → por cuenta propia / autónomo
Hire → contratar
In high demand → muy demandado / muy solicitado
Internship → período de prácticas
Interpersonal skills → habilidades interpersonales
Multitasking → realizar varias tareas a la vez
On the job → en el trabajo / trabajando
Overtime → horas extras
Self-employed → autónomo / que trabaja por cuenta propia
Shift → turno
Staff → plantilla / personal
Think outside the box → pensar de forma diferente
Troubleshooting → identificación y solución de problemas
University → universidad

Words from the Text

Boost → →→
Assumption
impulsar
Digital native
supuesto / suposición
nativo digital
Dull →→
Engage
aburrido
implicar
Relieve
Lesson →→→
Decrease
aliviar
lección
disminuir
Recruit → →
Remarkable
seleccionar
extraordinario / sorprendente
Witness → →→
Screen (verb) investigar antecedentes / averiguar información
ser testigo de / presenciar
Decision-making toma de decisiones
Full-time→→ →
First-rate
Hard-working
de primera categoría / excelente
a tiempo completo
trabajador
Strength → →
Trustworthy
fortaleza
de confianza
Widespread
→
Willing to do
→ dispuesto a hacer
extendido / generalizado
Aim for → →
Benefit from
aspirar a
beneficiarse de
Care to → →
Change for
importarle / molestarse en
cambiar por
Comment on →→
Congratulate on
comentar
felicitar por
Cope with → hacer frente a
Discourage (someone) from → disuadir a alguien de
Drop in (on)
Object to → → hacer una visita
oponerse a
Pay for → →
Present with
pagar por
hacer entrega de
Relate to→ relacionarse con
→
Remind (someone) of recordar a alguien
Result in→→
Specialise in
conllevar / tener como resultado
especializarse en
Wage →→ →
Substitute for
Dollar
salario
dólar
sustituir por

Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto)

Hay que hacer una serie de cambios.

1️⃣ Cambios en los tiempos verbales

Los cambios dependen del tiempo verbal del reporting verb (verbo introductorio).

Si el verbo introductorio está en pasado (ej: He said), los tiempos cambian así:

Present simple
play / plays →→ →
Present continuous
Past simple
played
Past continuous
is/are playing →was/were playing
 p y g p y g
Past simple
played →→ →
Past perfect simple
had played
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
was/were playing→→
Present perfect simple
had been playing
Past perfect simple
has/have played→ had played
→
Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous
→
has/have been playing had been playing
had played → → →
Past perfect simple se mantiene igual
had played
Past perfect continuous se mantiene igual
had been playing→→
Future “be going to”
had been playing
was/were going to
→→
is going to play
Future simple (will)
was going to play
conditional (would)
will play → →
would play
Future continuous would be + verb-ing
Future perfect → →→
will be playing
will have played
would be playing
would have + participio
would have played

2️⃣ Cambios en los modales

can
may
→→
could
might
must →had to

3️⃣ Cambios en los pronombres

Dependen de quién habla y a quién se refiere.

Normalmente:

1ª persona → 3ª persona
Pronombres personales

Sujeto Objeto Posesivo

I me mine

You you yours

He him his

She her hers

It it —

We us ours

They them theirs

Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto) – Parte 2

4️⃣ Pronombres reflexivos

Myself →→
Yourself
yo mismo/a
tú mismo/a
Himself
Herself→→ él mismo
ella misma
Itself→ →
ello mismo
Ourselves nosotros/as mismos/as
Yourselves
Themselves
→→ vosotros/as mismos/as
ellos/as mismos/as

5️⃣ Otros cambios de palabras (Time & Place Expressions)

Cuando el verbo introductorio está en pasado, también cambian estas palabras:

This
These
→→
That
Those
Here
Now
Today
→→→
There
Then
That day
Tonight
Yesterday
→→
That night
The day before / The previous day
Last week
Last month
→→The week before / The previous week
The month before / The previous month
Tomorrow
Next week
→→ The day after / The following day / The next day
The following week / The week after

Reporting Verbs (Verbos Introductorios)

🔹 Para decir algo (Say / Tell)

say
tell

🔹 Para preguntas
ask
enquire
request
want to know
wonder

🔹 Para órdenes o súplicas

demand
order
warn
beg

🔹 Para sugerencias
advise
invite
recommend
suggest

Tipos de Oraciones en Reported Speech

1️⃣ Afirmaciones (Statements)

Estructura:

Sujeto + said/told + (that) + oración

Ejemplo:

“I love your new look,” Peter said to his brother.

→ Peter told his brother (that) he loved his new look.

Si habla conmigo:

Mary said, “This book belonged to me.”

→ Mary told me (that) that book had belonged to her.

Otro ejemplo:

“We got our sandwiches here yesterday,” the students said.

→ The students said (that) they had got their sandwiches there the day before.

2️⃣ Preguntas (Questions)

🔹 Yes / No Questions
Se usa if / whether.

Estructura:
Sujeto + asked + if/whether + oración
Ejemplo:

“Will you help me?” he asked me.

→ He asked me if I would help him.

🔹 Wh- Questions (Where, What, Why, etc.)

No se usa that.
Se mantiene la palabra interrogativa.

Ejemplo:

“Where can I get this pen?” the child asked.

→ The child wanted to know where he/she could get that pen.

3️⃣ Órdenes (Orders)

Estructura:
Sujeto + ordered/told + objeto + to + verbo

Ejemplo:

“Listen to me right now!” the teacher said.

→ The teacher ordered me to listen to him/her right then.

🔹 Órdenes negativas
Sujeto + told/ordered + objeto + not to + verbo

Ejemplo:

“Don’t chew your pen,” Mum said.

→ Mum told me not to chew my pen.

4️⃣ Peticiones (Requests)

Cuando aparece please, se suele usar ask o beg.

Ejemplo:

“Please give me a pen,” the boy said.

→ The boy begged me to give him a pen.

5️⃣ Sugerencias (Suggestions)

🔹 Con “Why don’t…?”

“Why don’t we play cards?” he said.
→ He suggested playing cards.
→ He suggested that we play cards.

🔹 Con “Let’s…”
→ She suggested going out.
“Let’s go out,” she said.

Otras Estructuras Importantes

→
Verbo + infinitivo(refuse, promise, agree, threaten…)“I won’t go to the party,” he said. He refused to go to the
party.
Verbo + complemento + infinitivo- (advise, warn, remind…) “Don’t forget your keys,” my dad told me.
dad reminded me not to forget my keys.
→ My
→
Verbo + gerundio -(-ing)(admit, deny…) “I wasn’t late yesterday,” he said. He denied being late the day
before.